Formation Of A Novel Polypyrrole/porous Phosphate Glass Ceramic Nanocomposite

This work is concerned with evidences of a new composite system, formed by in situ polimerization of pyrrole moieties in the copper-exchanged pore surface of LiTi2(PO4)3 glass ceramic.102167168Ruiz-Hitzky, E., Aranda, P., (1997) An. Quim. Int. Ed., 93, p. 197Maia, D.J., Zarbin, A.J.G., Alves, O.L., De Paoli, M.-A., (1995) Adv. Mater., 7, p. 792Zarbin, A.J.G., De Paoli, M.-A., Alves, O.L., (1997) Synth. Met., 84, p. 107Zarbin, A.J.G., De Paoli, M.-A., Alves, O.L., (1999) Synth. Met., 99, p. 227Tarte, P., Rulmont, A., Merckaert-Ansay, C., (1986) Spectrochim. Acta, 42 A, p. 1009Hosono, H., Zhang, Z., Abe, Y., (1989) J. Am Ceram. Soc., 72, p. 1587Furukawa, Y., Tazawa, S., Fujii, Y., Harada, I., (1988) Synth. Met., 24, p. 32

An Organopalladium-pvc Membrane For Sulphur Dioxide Optical Sensing

The development of a sensing membrane for the determination of gaseous sulphur dioxide is described. An organopalladium complex, Pd2(dpm) 2Cl2 (dichloro-bis-(diphenylphosphine)-methane dipalladium I), was immobilised in a poly(vinyl chloride) thin film plasticised with ortho-nitrophenyloctylether (o-NPOE). Several membranes were prepared, using 20, 25 and 30% of PVC; 1, 5 and 8% of palladium complex and enough o-NPOE to make a total of 100 mg, which was dissolved in 1.0 mL of THF. The sensing membranes were obtained by manual deposition of 10, 15 and 20 μL of the solution onto cellulose acetate films, which were left to dry for 24 h and then stored in a desiccator sheltered from ambient light. The membrane was placed in an acrylic flow cell, in which the common end of a bifurcated optical fibre bundle was adapted and placed 1 mm from the membrane. Reflectance measurements were performed from 400 to 800 nm, after exposing the membrane to 0 to 500 ppm v of SO2 in air, at a flow rate of 500 mL min -1. The membrane composed of 20% PVC, 72% o-NPOE and 8% palladium complex showed the best performance and the film prepared from 20 μl of solution provided the highest signal (ca 160 mV upon exposure to 500 ppm v SO2). Measurements made at 530 nm showed a linear response range up to 300 ppmv, with a detection limit of 3.5 ppm v. By employing a flow rate of 500 mL min-1, response times (t90%) of 3 and 2 min were obtained for reaction of the membrane with SO2 and for reverse response upon exposure to dry nitrogen, respectively. Although the palladium complex also reacts with carbon monoxide in solution, this interference was not observed for concentrations up to 1000 ppmv of CO. The membrane showed a lifetime of ca. 2 months when stored in a desiccator. © 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.1071 SPEC. ISS.4752http://www.epa.gov/air/airtrends/sulfur2.html, accessed on 11/march/2004Kuratli, M., Pretsch, E., Sulfur dioxide-selective optodes (1994) Anal. Chem., 66, pp. 85-91Carballo, R., Dall'Orto, V.C., Lo Balbo, A., Rezzano, I., Determination of sulfide by flow injection analysis using a poly [Ni-(protoporphyrin IX)] chemically modified electrode (2003) Sens. Actuators B, 88, pp. 155-161Chiou, C.Y., Chou, T.C., Amperometric SO2 gas sensor based on solid polymer electrolytes (2002) Sens. Actuators B, 87, pp. 1-7Li, H., Wang, Q.J., Xu, J.M., Zhang, W., Jin, L.T., A novel nano-Au- assembled amperometric SO2 gas sensor: Preparation, characterization and sensing behavior (2002) Sens. Actuators B, 87, pp. 18-24Hodgson, A.W.E., Jacquinot, P., Hauser, P.C., Electrochemical sensor for the detection of SO2 in low-ppb range (1999) Anal. Chem., 71, pp. 2831-2837Matsuguchi, M., Tamai, K., Sakai, Y., SO2 gas sensors using polymers with different amino groups (2001) Sens. Actuators B, 77, pp. 363-367Guimarães, M.O., Detection of sulfur dioxide using piezoelectric quartz crystal microbalance (1997) Anal. Lett., 30, pp. 2159-2174Mohr, G.J., Draxler, S., Trznadel, K., Lehmann, F., Lippitsch, M.E., Synthesis and characterization of fluorophore-absorber pairs for sensing of ammonia based on fluorescence (1998) Anal. Chim. Acta, 360, pp. 119-128Raimundo Jr., I.M., Narayanaswamy, R., Simultaneous determination of relative humidity and ammonia in air employing an optical fibre sensor and artificial neural network (2001) Sens. Actuators B, 74, pp. 60-68Choi, M.M., Xiao, D., Oxygen-sensitive reverse-phase optode membrane using silica gel-absorbed ruthenium (II) complex embedded in gelatin film (1999) Anal. Chim. Acta, 387, pp. 197-205Miller, B., Hauser, P.C., Fluorescence optical sensor for low concentrations of dissolved carbon dioxide (1996) Analyst, 121, pp. 339-343Freeman, M.K., Bachas, L.G., Fiber optic sensor for NOx (1992) Anal. Chim. Acta, 256, pp. 269-275Nezel, T., Fakler, A., Zhylyak, G., Mohr, G.J., Spichiger-Keller, U.E., A highly sensitive NO2-selective optode membrane (2000) Sens. Actuators B, 70, pp. 165-169Stangelmayer, A., Klimant, I., Wolfbeis, O.S., Optical sensors for dissolved sulfur dioxide (1998) Fresenius J. Anal. Chem., 362, pp. 73-76De Marcos, S., Alcubierre, N., Galbán, J., Castillo, J.R., Reagentless system for sulphite based on polyaniline (2004) Anal. Chim. Acta, 502, pp. 7-13Razek, T.M.A., Miller, M.J., Hassan, S.S.M., Arnold, M.A., Optical sensor for sulfur dioxide based on fluorescence quenching (1999) Talanta, 50, pp. 491-498Lin, J.M., Qu, F., Yamada, M., Chemiluminescent investigation of tris(2,2′-bipyridyl)ruthenium(II) immobilized on a cationic ion-exchange resin and its application to analysis (2002) Anal. Bioanal. 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Adittion of sulfur dioxide and sulfur to Pd2(μ-SO2) (Ph2PCH 2PPh2)2Cl2 and the oxidation of coordinated sulfide (1979) Inorg. Chem., 18, pp. 2996-3003Brook, T.E., Narayanaswamy, R., Polymeric films in optical gas sensor (1998) Sens. Actuators B, 51, pp. 77-83Wang, E., Meyerhoff, M.E., Anion selective optical sensing with metalloporphyrin-doped polymeric films (1993) Anal. Chim. Acta, 283, pp. 673-68

Structural And Theoretical-experimental Physicochemical Study Of Trimethoprim/randomly Methylated-β-cyclodextrin Binary System

Here we report the structural characterization, physicochemical study and molecular modeling of the inclusion complex of trimethoprim in randomly methylated beta-cyclodextrin. The phase-solubility diagram obtained at pH 7.0 exhibited a linear behavior for the RAMEB concentrations studied suggesting a 1:1 stoichiometry and absence of aggregation in solution. From stoichiometric determination by the continuous variation method we confirmed a 1:1 stoichiometry. To make a detailed characterization of the inclusion mode, spectroscopic measurements by infrared and 1D and 2D 1H NMR spectroscopy provided evidence that the inclusion mode is characterized by inclusion of the trimethoxyphenyl ring in the cavity; interactions with methyl groups located in the border of the cavity were also detected. The structure proposed was also confirmed by semiempirical molecular modeling. © 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.3461727462751Uekama, K., Hirayama, F., Irie, T., (1998) Chem. Rev., 98, pp. 2045-2076Szejtli, J., (1997) J. Mater. Chem., 7, pp. 575-587Li, N., Zhang, Y.-H., Xiong, X.-L., Li, Z.-G., Jin, X.-H., Wu, Y.-N., (2005) J. Pharm. Biomed. Anal., 38, pp. 370-374Li, N., Zhang, Y.-H., Wu, Y.-N., Xiong, X.-L., Zhang, Y.-H., (2005) J. Pharm. Biomed. Anal., 39, pp. 824-829Garnero, C., Zoppi, A., Genovese, D., Longhi, M., (2010) Carbohydr. Res., 345, pp. 2550-2556Mura, P., Maestrelli, F., Cirri, M., Furlanetto, S., Pinzauti, S., (2003) J. Thermal Anal. Calorim., 73, pp. 635-646Egyed, O., (1990) Vibrat. Spectrosc., 1, pp. 225-227De Araujo, M.V.G., Vieira, E.K.B., Lazaro, G.F., Conegero, L.S., Almeida, L.E., Barreto, L.S., Da Costa, N.B., Gimenez, I.F., (2008) Bioorg. Med. Chem., 16, pp. 5788-5794McNamara, J.P., Hiller, I.H., (2007) Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys., 9, pp. 2362-2370Raju, R.K., Hillier, I.H., Burton, N.A., Vincent, M.A., Doudou, S., Bryce, R.A., (2010) Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys., 12, pp. 7959-7967Job, P., (1928) Ann. Chim., 9, pp. 113-203Dewar, M.J.S., Zoebisch, E.G., Healy, E.G., Stewart, J.J.P., (1985) J. Am. Chem. Soc., 107, pp. 3902-3909Stewart, J.J.P., (1989) J. Comput. Chem., 10, pp. 209-220Rocha, G.B., Freire, R.O., Simas, A.M., Stewart, J.J.P., (2006) J. Comput. Chem., 27, pp. 1101-1111Stewart, J.J.P., (2007) J. Mol. Modeling, 13, pp. 1173-121

Physicochemical Study And Characterization Of The Trimethoprim/2- Hydroxypropyl-γ-cyclodextrin Inclusion Complex

Here we report the preparation of a trimethoprim/2-hydroxypropyl-γ- cyclodextrin inclusion complex along with a physicochemical study, structural characterization, and molecular modeling of the complex. As main results, we observed from phase-solubility studies at two temperatures (20 °C and 35 °C) that the association constants decrease with increasing temperature. Values for K 1:1 constant were of the same magnitude order of those found for the parent γ-CD. The inclusion orientation as evidenced by ROESY measurements involves the inclusion of the 3,4,5-trimethoxybenzyl ring in the CD cavity from the larger rim. This is in agreement with semiempirical molecular modeling calculation. © 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.86101106Szejtli, J., (1998) Chem. Rev., 98, pp. 1743-1754Martin Del Valle, E.M., (2004) Process Biochem., 39, pp. 1033-1046Talan, D.A., (1999) Ann. Emerg. Med., 34, pp. 503-516Garnero, C., Zoppi, A., Genovese, D., Longhi, M., (2010) Carbohydr. Res., 345, pp. 2550-2556Ammar, H.O., El-Nahhas, S.A., Emara, L.H., (1997) Pharmazie, 52, pp. 376-379Mura, P., Maestrelli, F., Cirri, M., Furlanetto, S., Pinzauti, S., (2003) J. Therm. Anal. Calorim., 73, pp. 635-646Li, N., Zhang, Y.H., Xiong, X.L., Li, Z.G., Jin, X.H., Wu, Y.N., (2005) J. Pharm. Biomed. Anal., 38, pp. 370-374Li, N., Zhang, Y.H., Wu, Y.N., Xiong, X.L., Zhang, Y.H., (2005) J. Pharm. Biomed. Anal., 39, pp. 824-829Pourmokhtar, M., Jakobson, G.A., (2005) Pharmazie, 60, pp. 837-839Higuchi, T., Connors, K.A., (1965) Adv. Anal. Chem. Instrum., 4, pp. 117-212Job, P., (1928) Ann. Chim., 9, pp. 113-203Dewar, M.J.S., Zoebisch, E.G., Healy, E.F., Stewart, J.J.P., (1985) J. Am. Chem. Soc., 107, pp. 3902-3909Stewart, J.J.P., (1989) J. Comput. Chem., 10, pp. 209-220Rocha, G.B., Freire, R.O., Simas, A.M., Sewart, J.J.P., (2006) J. Comput. Chem., 27, pp. 1101-1111Stewart, J.J.P., (2007) J. Mol. Model., 13, pp. 1173-1213Liu, L., Guo, Q.-X., (2004) J. Inclus. Phenom. Macrocyclic Chem., 50, pp. 95-10

Sulfadiazine/hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin Host-guest System: Characterization, Phase-solubility And Molecular Modeling

In this work we prepared and characterized an inclusion complex of the dihydropteroate synthase inhibitor sulfadiazine (SDZ) in 2-hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (HPBCD). From the phase-solubility diagram we observed an increase in the water solubility of the drug, calculating a binding constant of 1879 M-1. The inclusion mode involves a NH2-in orientation of the drug in the HPBCD cavity, according to the 2D NMR (ROESY) data and confirmed by molecular modeling using the semiempirical PM6 and RM1 methods. © 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.161057885794Sensini, A., (2006) Clin. Microbiol. Infect., 12, p. 504Sukthana, Y., (2006) Trends Parasitol., 22, p. 137Montoya, J.G., Liesenfeld, O., (2004) Lancet, 363, p. 1965Walker, M., Zunt, J.R., (2005) Clin. Infect. Dis., 40, p. 1005Anderson, A.C., (2005) Drug Discovery Today, 10, p. 121Klepser, M.E., Klepser, T.B., (1997) Drugs, 53, p. 40Uekama, K., Hirayama, F., Irie, T., (1998) Chem. Rev., 98, p. 2045Loftsson, T., Hreinsdóttir, D., Masson, M., (2005) Int. J. Pharm., 302, p. 18Nasongkla, N., Wiedmann, A.F., Bruening, A., Beman, M., Ray, D., Bornmann, W.G., Boothman, D.A., Gao, J., (2003) Pharm. Res., 20, p. 1626Chen, M., Ohman, K., Metcalfe, C., Ikonomou, M.G., Amatya, P.L., Wilson, J., (2006) Water Qual. Res. J. Can., 41, p. 351Babic, S., Mutavdzic, D., Asperger, D., Horvat, A.J.M., Kastelan-Macan, M., (2007) Cromatographia, 65, p. 105Araujo, M.V.G., Vieira, E.K.B., Lazaro, G.S., Conegero, L.S., Ferreira, O.P., Almeida, L.E., Barreto, L.S., Gimenez, I.F., (2007) Bioorg. Med. Chem., 15, p. 5752Szejtli, J., (1998) Chem. Rev., 98, p. 1743Martin Del Valle, E.M., (2004) Process Biochem., 39, p. 1033Wenz, G., (1994) Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl., 33, p. 803Ludden, M.J.W., Reinhoudt, D.N., Huskens, J., (2006) Chem. Soc. Rev., 35, p. 1122Harada, A., (2001) Acc. Chem. Res., 34, p. 456Loftsson, T., Brewster, M.E., (1996) J. Pharm. Sci., 85, p. 1017Gao, H., Wang, Y.N., Fan, Y.G., Ma, H.B., (2006) Bioorg. Med. Chem., 14, p. 131Buschmann, H.J., Schollmeyer, E., (2002) J. Cosmetic Sci., 53, p. 185Beni, S., Szakacs, Z., Csernak, O., Barcza, L., Noszal, B., (2006) Eur. J. Pharm. Sci., 29, p. 340Jullian, C., Miranda, S., Zapata-Torres, G., Mendizabal, F., Olea-Azar, C., (2007) Bioorg. Med. Chem., 15, p. 3217Easton, C.J., Lincoln, S.F., (1996) Chem. Soc. Rev., 25, p. 163Gould, S., Scott, R.C., (2005) Food Chem. Toxicol., 43, p. 1451Castronuovo, G., Niccoli, M., (2006) Bioorg. Med. Chem., 14, p. 3883Brewster, M.E., Loftsson, T., (2002) Pharmazie, 57, p. 94Duchene, D., Wouessidjewe, D., Poncel, G., (1999) J. Controlled Release, 62, p. 263Irie, T., Uekama, K., (1997) J. Pharm. Sci., 86, p. 147Davis, M.E., Brewster, M.E., (2004) Nat. Rev. Drug Disc., 3, p. 1023Gangjee, A., Kurup, S., Namjoshi, O., (2007) Curr. Pharm. Des., 13, p. 609Li, N., Zhang, Y.-H., Wu, Y.-N., Xiong, X.-L., Zhang, Y.-H., (2005) J. Pharm. Biomed. Anal., 39, p. 824Prieto, M.J., Bacigalupe, D., Pardini, O., Amalvy, J.I., Venturini, C., Morilla, M.J., Romero, E.L., (2006) Int. J. Pharm., 326, p. 160Higuchi, T., Connors, K.A., (1965) Adv. Anal. Chem. Instrum., 4, p. 117Lazaro, G. S. Master Thesis, UFS (2006)Schneider, H.-J., Hacket, F., Rudiger, V., (1998) Chem. Rev., 98, p. 1755Torri, G., Bertini, S., Giavana, T., Guerrini, M., Puppini, N., Zoppetti, G., (2007) J. Inclusion Phenom. Macrocyclic Chem., 57, p. 317Corti, G.Capasso, G.Maestrelli, F.Cirri, M.Mura, P. J. Pharm. Biomed. Anal. in press, doi:10.1016/j.jpba.2007.07.018Liu, Y., Chen, G.-S., Chen, Y., Lin, J., (2005) Bioog. Med. Chem., 13, p. 4037Stewart, J.J.P., (1989) J. Comput. Chem., 10, p. 209Rocha, G.B., Freire, R.O., Simas, A.M., Stewart, J.J.P., (2006) J. Comput. Chem., 27, p. 1101Barillaro, V., Dive, G., Bertholet, P., Evrard, B., Delattre, L., Eric, Z., Piel, G., (2007) Int. J. Pharm., 342, p. 152CAChe 6.0-Fujitsu, Ltd, Chiba, Japan, 2000Klamt, A., Schüürmann, G., (1993) J. Chem. Soc., Perkin Trans. 2, p. 79

Relation between acute and long-term cognitive decline after surgery: Influence of metabolic syndrome

INTRODUCTION: The relationship between persistent postoperative cognitive decline and the more common acute variety remains unknown; using data acquired in preclinical studies of postoperative cognitive decline we attempted to characterize this relationship. METHODS: Low capacity runner (LCR) rats, which have all the features of the metabolic syndrome, were compared postoperatively with high capacity runner (HCR) rats for memory, assessed by trace fear conditioning (TFC) on the 7th postoperative day, and learning and memory (probe trial [PT]) assessed by the Morris water-maze (MWM) at three months postoperatively. Rate of learning (A(L)) data from the MWM test, were estimated by non-linear mixed effects modeling. The individual rat's TFC result at postoperative day (POD) 7 was correlated with its A(L) and PT from the MWM data sets at postoperative day POD 90. RESULTS: A single exponential decay model best described A(L) in the MWM with LCR and surgery (LCR–SURG) being the only significant covariates; first order A(L) rate constant was 0.07 s(−1) in LCR–SURG and 0.16 s(−1) in the remaining groups (p<0.05). TFC was significantly correlated with both A(L) (R = 0.74; p < 0.0001) and PT (R = 0.49; p < 0.01). CONCLUSION: Severity of memory decline at 1 week after surgery presaged long-lasting deteriorations in learning and memory

Genetic landscape of 6089 inherited retinal dystrophies affected cases in Spain and their therapeutic and extended epidemiological implications

Inherited retinal diseases (IRDs), defined by dysfunction or progressive loss of photoreceptors, are disorders characterized by elevated heterogeneity, both at the clinical and genetic levels. Our main goal was to address the genetic landscape of IRD in the largest cohort of Spanish patients reported to date. A retrospective hospital-based cross-sectional study was carried out on 6089 IRD affected individuals (from 4403 unrelated families), referred for genetic testing from all the Spanish autonomous communities. Clinical, demographic and familiar data were collected from each patient, including family pedigree, age of appearance of visual symptoms, presence of any systemic findings and geographical origin. Genetic studies were performed to the 3951 families with available DNA using different molecular techniques. Overall, 53.2% (2100/3951) of the studied families were genetically characterized, and 1549 different likely causative variants in 142 genes were identified. The most common phenotype encountered is retinitis pigmentosa (RP) (55.6% of families, 2447/4403). The most recurrently mutated genes were PRPH2, ABCA4 and RS1 in autosomal dominant (AD), autosomal recessive (AR) and X-linked (XL) NON-RP cases, respectively; RHO, USH2A and RPGR in AD, AR and XL for non-syndromic RP; and USH2A and MYO7A in syndromic IRD. Pathogenic variants c.3386G > T (p.Arg1129Leu) in ABCA4 and c.2276G > T (p.Cys759Phe) in USH2A were the most frequent variants identified. Our study provides the general landscape for IRD in Spain, reporting the largest cohort ever presented. Our results have important implications for genetic diagnosis, counselling and new therapeutic strategies to both the Spanish population and other related populations

Study of hard scattering processes in multi - hadron production from gamma gamma collisions at LEP

The production of multihadronic states in γγ collisions at LEP has been studied with the DELPHI detector. The analyzed data correspond to an integrated luminosity of about 32pb−1, collected in the LEP runs of 1990–1992. Minimum bias data and a sample of events with jets at highp T have been selected under the requirement that no scattered electron or positron is observed. The two data sets have been compared to Monte Carlo predictions. The non-perturbative contribution described by the vector meson dominance Model and direct qqˉ production from pointlike photons described by the quark parton model were found to be insufficient to reproduce the data. It has been necessary to include a third interaction component, which is due to perburbative hard scattering of the partonic constituents of the photon. Several parametrisations of the quark and gluon densities of the photon have been tested. The interplay with the cut in jet transverse momentum, which is necessary for the separation of the perturbative and non-perturbative regions, is discussed. The data favour parametrisations with rather soft partonic content of the photon