2,539 research outputs found
Real returns on government debt: a general equilibrium quantitative exploration
We extend and apply computable general equilibrium methods to the study of economies
with both aggregate uncertainty and uninsured household-specific uncertainty. In our
economies the government issues two types of assets: a small denomination, non-interest
bearing asset, which we call currency, and a large denomination, interest bearing asset,
which we call T-bills. We find that a real interest rate behavior similar to that observed
in the U.S. can be sustained as equilibrium behavior in our class of economies. We also
find that policy induced real interest rate changes that are perceived as being permanent
have significant real effects and that these effects take a few years to be fully realized
Finite size effects in Neutron Star and Nuclear matter simulations
In this work we study molecular dynamics simulations of symmetric nuclear
matter using a semi-classical nucleon interaction model. We show that, at
sub-saturation densities and low temperatures, the solutions are
non-homogeneous structures reminiscent of the ``nuclear pasta'' phases expected
in Neutron Star Matter simulations, but shaped by artificial aspects of the
simulations. We explore different geometries for the periodic boundary
conditions imposed on the simulation cell: cube, hexagonal prism and truncated
octahedron. We find that different cells may yield different solutions for the
same physical conditions (i.e. density and temperature). The particular shape
of the solution at a given density can be predicted analytically by energy
minimization. We also show that even if this behavior is due to finite size
effects, it does not mean that it vanishes for very large systems and it
actually is independent of the system size: The system size sets the only
characteristic length scale for the inhomogeneities.
We then include a screened Coulomb interaction, as a model of Neutron Star
Matter, and perform simulations in the three cell geometries. In this case, the
competition between competing interactions of different range produces the well
known nuclear pasta, with (in most cases) several structures per cell. However,
we find that the results are affected by finite size in different ways
depending on the geometry of the cell. In particular, at the same physical
conditions and system size, the hexagonal prism yields a single structure per
cell while the cubic and truncated octahedron show consistent results with more
than one structure per cell. In this case, the results in every cell are
expected to converge for systems much larger than the characteristic length
scale that arises from the competing interactions.Comment: 17 pages, 10 figure
A new model of justice that repairs the damage caused
L’objectiu d’aquest article és exposar, d’una banda, les bases que sustenten el dret penal des d’un plantejament divulgatiu que ajudi a comprendre a un públic no necessà riament especialitzat els fins de la pena, aixà com els diversos models de cà stig i tractament quehistòricament s’han aplicat a les persones que han comès un delicte. Però, d’altra banda, el text pretén avançar en la modernització de la justÃcia, després d’assenyalar els lÃmits que el sistema penal troba en l’actualitat. AixÃ, es planteja un seguit de propostes que des del prisma d’una justÃcia restaurativa significarien no només unes penes més actuals i més acords a la dignitat humana, sinó que també serien més sostenibles tant des d’un punt de vista social com econòmic. La justÃcia restaurativa, amb els seus inseparables elements ètics, és, en aquest sentit, el paradigma des del qual entenem que la justÃcia penal es pot is’ha de modificar atribuint a la reparació un important paper durant tot el procés.El objetivo de este artÃculo es exponer, por un lado, las bases que sustentan el derecho penal desde un planteamiento divulgativo que ayude a comprender a un público no necesariamente especializado los fines de la pena, asà como los diversos modelos de castigo y tratamiento que históricamente se han aplicado a las personas que han cometido un delito.Pero, por otro, el texto pretende avanzar en la modernización de la justicia, tras señalar los lÃmites que el sistema penal encuentra en la actualidad. AsÃ, se plantea una serie de propuestas que desde el prisma de una justicia restaurativa significarÃan no solo unas penas más actuales y más acordes a la dignidad humana, sino que también serÃan mássostenibles tanto desde un punto de vista social como económico. La justicia restaurativa, con sus inseparables elementos éticos, es, en este sentido, el paradigma desde el que entendemos que la justicia penal puede y debe modificarse atribuyendo a la reparación un importante papel durante todo el proceso.The aim of this article is, on the one hand, to set out in a clear expository form the bases that underpin Spanish criminal law, in order to assist a generally non-specialist public in understanding the objectives of sentencing and the different models of punishment and treatment that have historically been applied to people convicted of a crime. On the other hand, the article seeks to contribute to the modernization of criminal justice by noting some of the limitations under which the penal systemcurrently labours. To this end it puts forward a series of proposals from the perspective of restorative justice which would make sentencing not only less antiquated and more consistent with human dignity, but would also bemore sustainable from both a social and an economic point of view. Restorative justice, with its inseparable ethical elements, is, in this respect, the paradigm from which we consider that criminal justice can and should be modified, in assigning an important role in the whole process to reparation
Isoscaling and the nuclear EOS
Experiments with rare isotopes are shedding light on the role isospin plays
in the equation of state (EoS) of nuclear matter, and isoscaling -an
straight-forward comparison of reactions with different isospin- could deliver
valuable information about it. In this work we test this assertion
pragmatically by comparing molecular dynamics simulations of isoscaling
reactions using different equations of state and looking for changes in the
isoscaling parameters; to explore the possibility of isoscaling carrying
information from the hot-and-dense stage of the reaction, we perform our study
in confined and expanding systems. Our results indicate that indeed isoscaling
can help us learn about the nuclear EoS, but only in some range of excitation
energies
Neutral B Meson Mixing and Heavy-light Decay Constants from Quenched Lattice QCD
We present high-statistics results for neutral -meson mixing and
heavy-light-meson leptonic decays in the quenched approximation from
tadpole-improved clover actions at and . We consider
quantities such as , , and the full
matrix elements as well as the corresponding SU(3)-breaking
ratios. These quantities are important for determining the CKM matrix element
.Comment: LATTICE98(heavyqk). Revised version. Typos in the second and third
equations corrected. Very small changes to text. Results unchange
Estimación de la erosión hÃdrica actual y potencial con RUSLE3D en la provincia de Castellón (España)
The purpose of this study was the
estimation of current and potential water
erosion rates in Castellon Province (Spain)
using RUSLE3D (Revised Universal Soil
Loss Equation-3D) model with Geographical
Information System (GIS) support. RUSLE3D
uses a new methodology for topographic
factor estimation (LS factor) based on the
impact of flow convergence allowing better
assessment of sediment distribution detached
by water erosion. In RUSLE3D equation, the
effect that vegetation cover has on soil erosion
rate is reflected by the C factor. Potential
erosion indicates soil erosion rate without
considering C factor in RUSLE3D equation.
The results showed that 57% of estimated
current erosion does not exceed 10 t/ha.year
(low erosion). In the case of potential erosion
rates, 5% of the area of Castellon Province
does not exceed 10 t/ha.year but 55% exceed
200 t/ha.year. Based on these results, the
current vegetation cover of Castellon Province
is adequate but needs to be conserved to avoid
an increase in the current soil erosion rates as
shown by potential erosion rates.El objetivo de este estudio fue la estimación
de las tasas de erosión hÃdrica, actual y
potencial, en la Provincia de Castellón (España)
utilizando el modelo RUSLE3D (Revised
Universal Soil Loss Equation-3D), y el apoyo
de Sistemas de Información Geográfica (SIG).
RUSLE3D utiliza una nueva metodologÃa para
la estimación del factor topográfico (factor LS)
basado en el impacto de la convergencia del
flujo lo cual permite una mejor evaluación del
movimiento de sedimentos. En RUSLE3D, el
efecto de la cobertura vegetal sobre la tasa de
erosión lo refleja el factor C. La erosión potencial
representa la tasa de erosión sin considerar el
factor C en RUSLE3D. Los resultados mostraron
que el 57% de la erosión actual no supera las
10 t/ha.año (erosión baja). En el caso de la
erosión potencial, el 5% del área de la provincia
es inferior a 10 t/ha.año, pero un 55% supera
las 200 t/ha.año (erosión muy alta). En base a
estos resultados, la actual cobertura vegetal
de la provincia de Castellón es adecuada, pero
tiene que ser conservada y protegida para evitar
un aumento en las actuales tasas de erosión, tal
como lo indican los valores de erosión potencial.Fil: Giménez Suárez, MartÃn C..
Universidad Politécnica de Madri
Current and potential water erosion estimation with RUSLE3D in Castellon province (Spain)
The purpose of this study was the estimation of current and potential water erosion rates in Castellon Province (Spain) using RUSLE3D (Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation-3D) model with Geographical Information System (GIS) support. RUSLE3D uses a new methodology for topographic factor estimation (LS factor) based on the impact of flow convergence allowing better assessment of sediment distribution detached by water erosion. In RUSLE3D equation, the effect that vegetation cover has on soil erosion rate is reflected by the C factor. Potential erosion indicates soil erosion rate without considering C factor in RUSLE3D equation. The results showed that 57% of estimated current erosion does not exceed 10 t/ha.year (low erosion). In the case of potential erosion rates, 5% of the area of Castellon Province does not exceed 10 t/ha.year but 55% exceed 200 t/ha.year. Based on these results, the current vegetation cover of Castellon Province is adequate but needs to be conserved to avoid an increase in the current soil erosion rates as shown by potential erosion rates.The purpose of this study was the estimation of current and potential water erosion rates in Castellon Province (Spain) using RUSLE3D (Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation-3D) model with Geographical Information System (GIS) support. RUSLE3D uses a new methodology for topographic factor estimation (LS factor) based on the impact of flow convergence allowing better assessment of sediment distribution detached by water erosion. In RUSLE3D equation, the effect that vegetation cover has on soil erosion rate is reflected by the C factor. Potential erosion indicates soil erosion rate without considering C factor in RUSLE3D equation. The results showed that 57% of estimated current erosion does not exceed 10 t/ha.year (low erosion). In the case of potential erosion rates, 5% of the area of Castellon Province does not exceed 10 t/ha.year but 55% exceed 200 t/ha.year. Based on these results, the current vegetation cover of Castellon Province is adequate but needs to be conserved to avoid an increase in the current soil erosion rates as shown by potential erosion rates
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