ASPECTOS CULTURAIS E AMBIENTAIS NO PROCESSO DE PRODUÇÃO DE RAPADURA NA COMUNIDADE DE BONSUCESSO EM VÁRZEA GRANDE-MT

Objetivou-se pesquisar os aspectos culturais e ambientais no processo de produção de rapadura de cana-de-açúcar na comunidade ribeirinha de Bonsucesso, em Várzea Grande-MT, que possui canaviais e engenhos centenários ainda em atividade. Para isso, foram utilizadas entrevistas semiestruturadas com questões abertas e o acompanhamento in loco das atividades dos rapadureiros. Nos canaviais dos cinco engenhos ainda existentes, o manejo, o transporte e a produção de rapadura segue a tradição dos antepassados, porém esta atividade está fadada a acabar pela falta de interesse da nova geração

Feed frequency and sensory evaluation of yams

Several studies have highlighted the variations in consumption habits, compared to the perspectives on food, social class and lifestyles of society. Among the different food groups, underground vegetables are of great importance in human nutrition as one of the main energy sources available for food. Among them, the yam stands out for its high nutritional and energetic power. In this way, the aim was to define the frequency, consumption profile and yam preference, ‘Chinese’ and ‘São Tome’ varieties. For this, a questionnaire of socioeconomic nature, feeding frequency and sensorial evaluation was applied to 52 students of a public university. At the end of the study, it was found that 71% of the students knew the yam, but only 50% had ever consumed the vegetable. It was observed that 85% of the interviewees never or hardly ever consume the tuber, 29% do not know the vegetable and 50% never consumed. Regarding consumption reasons, 25% of the respondents chose the taste as the main reason to consume yam and only 3% consume by the appearance of the product. The interviewees had food frequency in relation to the yam, linked to the palatability of the vegetable (25%) and of the two varieties analyzed, 69% of the interviewees prefer to consume the ‘São Tome’ yam. Given the importance of food in this vegetable, it is important to stimulate consumption, especially among younger individuals, with ages ranging from 20 to 25 years

ECONOMIA E GESTÃO PÚBLICA

Economics and Public Management are of great relevance to the analysis of government policies and their effectiveness in allocating resources for the well-being of society. The intersection between economic principles and public management practices provides crucial insights for optimizing the use of public resources and achieving social objectives. The aim of this study is to investigate how economic concepts can be applied to public management. This is a qualitative bibliographical study and its objectives are exploratory, using the IBGE and Google Scholar databases. The results reveal the interconnection between economics and public management, showing how economic choices directly affect the efficiency of government programs. It identifies areas in which the allocation of resources can be optimized and more effective policies can be implemented to achieve the defined social objectives. As such, the study highlights the importance of an evidence-based approach in the formulation and implementation of public policies. The integration of economics and public management offers a comprehensive framework for making informed decisions aimed at maximizing benefits for society. Continuous dialog between these disciplines is essential to deal effectively with the constantly evolving challenges facing public administration.A Economia e a Gestão Pública são de grande relevância para a análise das políticas governamentais e sua eficácia na alocação de recursos em prol do bem-estar da sociedade. A intersecção entre princípios econômicos e práticas de gestão pública fornece insights cruciais para otimizar a utilização dos recursos públicos e atingir objetivos sociais. O objetivo deste estudo é investigar como os conceitos econômicos podem ser aplicados à gestão pública. Trata-se de uma pesquisa bibliográfica do tipo qualitativa, quanto aos  objetivos será do tipo exploratória, através das bases de dados IBGE e google acadêmico. Os resultados revelam a interligação entre a economia e a gestão pública, evidenciando como as escolhas econômicas afetam diretamente a eficiência dos programas governamentais. Identificam-se áreas em que a alocação de recursos pode ser otimizada e políticas mais eficazes podem ser implementadas para alcançar os objetivos sociais definidos. Sendo assim, o estudo ressalta a importância de uma abordagem baseada em evidências na formulação e implementação de políticas públicas. A integração entre a economia e a gestão pública oferece um quadro abrangente para a tomada de decisões informadas, visando a maximização dos benefícios para a sociedade. O contínuo diálogo entre essas disciplinas é essencial para lidar eficazmente com os desafios em constante evolução que a administração pública enfrenta

Rationale, study design, and analysis plan of the Alveolar Recruitment for ARDS Trial (ART): Study protocol for a randomized controlled trial

Background: Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is associated with high in-hospital mortality. Alveolar recruitment followed by ventilation at optimal titrated PEEP may reduce ventilator-induced lung injury and improve oxygenation in patients with ARDS, but the effects on mortality and other clinical outcomes remain unknown. This article reports the rationale, study design, and analysis plan of the Alveolar Recruitment for ARDS Trial (ART). Methods/Design: ART is a pragmatic, multicenter, randomized (concealed), controlled trial, which aims to determine if maximum stepwise alveolar recruitment associated with PEEP titration is able to increase 28-day survival in patients with ARDS compared to conventional treatment (ARDSNet strategy). We will enroll adult patients with ARDS of less than 72 h duration. The intervention group will receive an alveolar recruitment maneuver, with stepwise increases of PEEP achieving 45 cmH(2)O and peak pressure of 60 cmH2O, followed by ventilation with optimal PEEP titrated according to the static compliance of the respiratory system. In the control group, mechanical ventilation will follow a conventional protocol (ARDSNet). In both groups, we will use controlled volume mode with low tidal volumes (4 to 6 mL/kg of predicted body weight) and targeting plateau pressure <= 30 cmH2O. The primary outcome is 28-day survival, and the secondary outcomes are: length of ICU stay; length of hospital stay; pneumothorax requiring chest tube during first 7 days; barotrauma during first 7 days; mechanical ventilation-free days from days 1 to 28; ICU, in-hospital, and 6-month survival. ART is an event-guided trial planned to last until 520 events (deaths within 28 days) are observed. These events allow detection of a hazard ratio of 0.75, with 90% power and two-tailed type I error of 5%. All analysis will follow the intention-to-treat principle. Discussion: If the ART strategy with maximum recruitment and PEEP titration improves 28-day survival, this will represent a notable advance to the care of ARDS patients. Conversely, if the ART strategy is similar or inferior to the current evidence-based strategy (ARDSNet), this should also change current practice as many institutions routinely employ recruitment maneuvers and set PEEP levels according to some titration method.Hospital do Coracao (HCor) as part of the Program 'Hospitais de Excelencia a Servico do SUS (PROADI-SUS)'Brazilian Ministry of Healt

Modelagem de par-trançado para comunicações em banda larga

Ultimately, the purpose of a model for transmission lines is to describe how the transmission properties of a line are frequency dependent. The sources of such dependency can be grouped in two areas: that one related to longitudinal changes on the line geometry and constituting materials (non-uniformities), and that related to electromagnetic phenomena such as the skin effect and the dielectric dispersion (present even when the line is uniform). The contribution of this thesis is related to the above mentioned areas, focused on a specific type of transmission line, the twisted-pair. The models for twisted pairs found in literature assume simplistic considerations which are not always realistic, e.g., they ignore that the dielectric medium is heterogeneous and with losses, ignore the effect of the non-uniformities that are inevitable to all transmission lines, etc. These and other issues are taken into account during the development of a new twisted-pair model. This model is composed for two components, a deterministic one which is a function of the constructive characteristics of the twisted-pair, and a stochastic one which is a function of the inherent defects in twisted-pair cables. Regarding the deterministic component, it employs a realistic and straightforward approach to describe: the proximity effect of the conductors, the presence of conductors’ insulation, the dielectric losses and pair twisting. As a result, the model is more accurate than the models from the literature. Regarding the stochastic component, it was not found in literature similar models for comparison. Nevertheless, it was shown that the proposed stochastic model has good agreement with experimental observation.CAPES - Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível SuperiorEm última instância, o propósito de um modelo de linha de transmissão é descrever a dependência com a frequência das propriedades de transmissão da linha. As causas de tal dependência podem ser agrupadas em duas grandes áreas: aquelas relacionadas a variações na geometria e materiais que constituem a linha ao longo de seu comprimento (não uniformidades), e aquelas relacionadas a fenômenos eletromagnéticos como o efeito pelicular e a dispersão dielétrica (presentes mesmo se a linha for uniforme). Nesta tese encontram-se contribuições nessas duas grandes áreas, sendo focadas em um tipo específico de linha de transmissão, o par-trançado. Os modelos de par-trançado encontrados na literatura adotam considerações simplificadoras que nem sempre são realísticas. Por exemplo, eles ignoram que o meio dielétrico é heterogêneo e com perdas, ignoram o efeito das não uniformidades que são inevitáveis a todas as linhas de transmissão, etc. Essas e outras questões são levadas em consideração no desenvolvimento de um novo modelo de par-trançado. Esse modelo é composto por duas componentes, uma determinística que é função das características construtivas do par-trançado, e uma estocástica que é função dos defeitos inerentes a essas características construtivas ao longo do comprimento do par-trançado. Com relação a componente determinística, o diferencial do modelo proposto em relação a outros é considerar de maneira simples e realística: os efeitos relativos à proximidade entre os condutores, a existência dos revestimentos isolantes nesses condutores, as perdas dielétricas nesses revestimentos e o trançado dos pares. Como consequência disso, o modelo proposto apresenta maior exatidão quando comparados a esses modelos. Com relação a componente estocástica, não foram encontrados na literatura modelos similares para comparação. Mesmo assim, mostrou-se que o modelo estocástico proposto apresenta uma boa concordância com a observação experimental

Feed frequency and sensory evaluation of yams

Several studies have highlighted the variations in consumption habits, compared to the perspectives on food, social class and lifestyles of society. Among the different food groups, underground vegetables are of great importance in human nutrition as one of the main energy sources available for food. Among them, the yam stands out for its high nutritional and energetic power. In this way, the aim was to define the frequency, consumption profile and yam preference, ‘Chinese’ and ‘São Tome’ varieties. For this, a questionnaire of socioeconomic nature, feeding frequency and sensorial evaluation was applied to 52 students of a public university. At the end of the study, it was found that 71% of the students knew the yam, but only 50% had ever consumed the vegetable. It was observed that 85% of the interviewees never or hardly ever consume the tuber, 29% do not know the vegetable and 50% never consumed. Regarding consumption reasons, 25% of the respondents chose the taste as the main reason to consume yam and only 3% consume by the appearance of the product. The interviewees had food frequency in relation to the yam, linked to the palatability of the vegetable (25%) and of the two varieties analyzed, 69% of the interviewees prefer to consume the ‘São Tome’ yam. Given the importance of food in this vegetable, it is important to stimulate consumption, especially among younger individuals, with ages ranging from 20 to 25 years

Use of the IRAP marker to study genetic variability in Pseudocercospora fijiensis populations

Pseudocercospora fijiensis is the etiological agent of black Sigatoka, which is currently considered as one of the most destructive banana diseases in all locations where it occurs. It is estimated that a large portion of the P. fijiensis genome consists of transposable elements, which allows researchers to use transposon-based molecular markers in the analysis of genetic variability in populations of this pathogen. In this context, the inter-retrotransposon-amplified polymorphism (IRAP) was used to study the genetic variability in P. fijiensis populations from different hosts and different geographical origins in Brazil. A total of 22 loci were amplified and 77.3 % showed a polymorphism. Cluster analysis revealed two major groups in Brazil. The observed genetic diversity (H E) was 0.22, and through molecular analysis of variance, it was determined that the greatest genetic variability occurs within populations. The discriminant analysis of principal components revealed no structuring related to the geographical origin of culture of the host. The IRAP-based marker system is a suitable tool for the study of genetic variability in P. fijiensis

Application of Strobilurins and Carboxamides Improves the Physiology and Productivity of Tomato Plants in a Protected Environment

The use of fungicides from the strobilurin and carboxamide groups demonstrates an effect on photosynthetic efficiency by increasing CO2 assimilation and, consequently, plant productivity, due to better a physiological performance. The objective was to evaluate the effect of the application of these fungicides on the physiology and yield of tomato plants. A randomized block design was used with six treatments and five blocks: control, azoxystrobin (75 g ha−1), boscalid (75 g ha−1), pyraclostrobin (75 g ha−1), fluxapyroxad (75 g ha−1) and fluxapyroxad + pyraclostrobin (50.1 g and 99.9 g ha−1). Different physiological, biochemical and antioxidant enzymatic parameters were evaluated. The application of fungicides increased the CO2 assimilation by 64% and the production per plant by 91%. The activity of the nitrate reductase enzyme increased by 1.69 times, the antioxidant system by 3.68 times and photosynthetic pigments by 1.16 times under the action of the studied fungicides with respect to the control. Therefore, the application of fungicides favored the development of the tomato plant, especially with the use of Pyraclostrobin (75 g ha−1)