Efeito do exercício físico e da suplementação com L-arginina em marcadores bioquímicos, antropométricos e de força em mulheres com Hipotireoidismo

Hypothyroidism is characterized by a dysfunction of the thyroid gland that has a high production of thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) and fails to produce its hormones thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3) correctly. Frequent in female populations, it is related to secondary dyslipidemias, endothelial dysfunction, and the reduction of the bioavailability of nitric oxide (NO). Objective: This study evaluated the effect of physical exercise and L-arginine supplementation on the levels of NO, lipid profile, anthropometric and physical data in 16 hypothyroid women residing in the city of Sarandi-RS. Materials and Methods: Characterized by a randomized clinical trial by intervention, divided into four groups. G1: exercise and supplementation; G2: exercise; G3: supplementation with L-arginine and G4: control. To evaluate the physical abilities of the volunteers, anthropometric data (weight, height, waist and hip measurements, skinfolds), 1RM strength tests, and VO2 max treadmill test were analyzed. Blood tests were performed on CT, HDL, LDL, TG, TSH, T3, T4 and NO. Results: The results obtained were significant for the reduction of% G and increase of lean mass for the G1 and G3 groups, as well as an increase of 1RM in G1 and G2. Other important results observed were the significant increase of NO to G1, and from T3 to G2. Conclusion: L-arginine supplementation may be beneficial to the studied population, and may improve quality of life, reducing CT and increasing bioavailability of NO, as well as physical exercise may be beneficial to increase T3O hipotireoidismo é caracterizado por uma disfunção da glândula tireoide que apresenta uma alta produção do hormônio tireo-estimulante (TSH) e deixa de produzir seus hormônios tiroxina (T4) e triiodotironina (T3) corretamente. Frequente em populações femininas, está relacionado a dislipidemias secundárias, disfunção endotelial e a redução da biodisponibilidade de óxido nítrico (NO). Objetivo: Esta pesquisa avaliou o efeito do exercício físico e da suplementação de L-arginina sobre os níveis de NO, perfil lipídico, dados antropométricos e físicos em 16 mulheres portadoras de hipotireoidismo residentes no município de Sarandi-RS. Materiais e Métodos: Este estudo é caracterizado por um estudo clínico randomizado por intervenção, dividido em quatro grupos. G1: exercício e suplementação; G2: exercício; G3: suplementação com L-arginina e G4: controle. Para avaliar as capacidades físicas das voluntárias foram analisados dados antropométricos (peso, altura, medidas de cintura e quadril, dobras cutâneas). Foram realizados testes de força de 1RM, e teste de VO2max em esteira rolante. Para análises sanguíneas foram realizados exames de CT, HDL, LDL, TG, TSH, T3, T4 e NO. Resultados: Os resultados obtidos foram significativos para a redução do %G e aumento de massa magra para os grupos G1 e G3, assim como foi verificado aumento de 1RM no G1 e G2. Outros resultados importantes verificados foram o aumento significativo de NO para G1, e de T3 para G2. Conclusão: A suplementação com L-arginina pode ser benéfica a população estudada, podendo melhorar a qualidade de vida, reduzindo o CT e aumentando a biodisponibilidade de NO, assim como exercício físico pode ser benéfico ao aumento de T3

Effects of Concurrent Training on Oxidative Stress and Insulin Resistance in Obese Individuals

Obesity is associated with insulin resistance (IR) and increased oxidative stress. Thus, the present study aimed to evaluate anthropometric parameters, IR, and oxidative stress in obese individuals subjected to two types of concurrent training at the same intensity but differing in frequency. Accordingly, 25 individuals were divided into two groups: concurrent training 1 (CT1) (5 d/wk) and concurrent training 2 (CT2) (3 d/wk), both with moderate intensity. Anthropometric parameters, IR, and oxidative stress were analyzed before and after 26 sessions of training. Both groups had reduced body weight and body mass index (P<0.05), but only CT1 showed lower body fat percentage and increased basal metabolic rate (P<0.05). Moreover, CT1 had increased HOMA-IR and decreased protein damage (carbonyl level), and CT2 had decreased HOMA-IR and increased lipid peroxidation (TBARS level) (P<0.05). On the other hand, both training protocols reduced the GPx activity. It can be concluded that both types of concurrent training could be an alternative for lowering body weight and BMI. Also, it was observed that concurrent training, depending on the frequency, can contribute to reducing body fat, oxidative damage (protein oxidation), and IR but can induce oxidative damage to lipids. More studies are needed to elucidate the mechanisms involved

Role of body mass and physical activity in autonomic function modulation on Post-COVID-19 condition: an observational subanalysis of Fit-COVID study

The harmful effects of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) can reach the autonomic nervous system (ANS) and endothelial function. Therefore, the detrimental multiorgan effects of COVID-19 could be induced by deregulations in ANS that may persist after the acute SARS-CoV-2 infection. Additionally, investigating the differences in ANS response in overweight/obese, and physically inactive participants who had COVID-19 compared to those who did not have the disease is necessary. The aim of the study was to analyze the autonomic function of young adults after mild-to-moderate infection with SARS-CoV-2 and to assess whether body mass index (BMI) and levels of physical activity modulates autonomic function in participants with and without COVID-19. Patients previously infected with SARS-CoV-2 and healthy controls were recruited for this cross-sectional observational study. A general anamnesis was taken, and BMI and physical activity levels were assessed. The ANS was evaluated through heart rate variability. A total of 57 subjects were evaluated. Sympathetic nervous system activity in the post-COVID-19 group was increased (stress index; p = 0.0273). They also presented lower values of parasympathetic activity (p < 0.05). Overweight/obese subjects in the post-COVID-19 group presented significantly lower parasympathetic activity and reduced global variability compared to non-obese in control group (p < 0.05). Physically inactive subjects in the post-COVID-19 group presented significantly higher sympathetic activity than active subjects in the control group. Parasympathetic activity was significantly increased in physically active subjects in the control group compared to the physically inactive post-COVID-19 group (p < 0.05). COVID-19 promotes changes in the ANS of young adults, and these changes are modulated by overweight/obesity and physical activity levels.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Effects of high-intensity interval and moderate-intensity continuous exercise on inflammatory, leptin, IgA, and lipid peroxidation responses in obese males

Purpose: To compare the effects of a single high-intensity interval exercise session (HIIE) with amoderate-intensity continuous exercise session (MICE) on the inflammatory profile, IgA levels, and lipid peroxidation in sedentary obese males. Methods: Ten sedentary obese men (age 28.5 ± 2.7 years; BMI 35.9 ± 4.9 kg/m2; body fat 40.6 ± 2.0%) performed three experimental sessions, on separate days with 1 week wash-out period between interventions, according to a randomized order: (1) HIIE: 10 × 60 s at 90% of the HRmax alternated by 60 s of active recovery; (2) MICE: 20min at 70% of the HRmax; (3) Rest—control. Blood and saliva samples were collected before, immediately after and 60min after the end of each session in order to analyse serum levels of cytokines, IgA, and lipoperoxidation markers. Results: Leptin levels decreased immediately after HIIE (P = 0.033) and was different from the MICE (P = 0.025). IFN-g levels were reduced immediately after (P = 0.032) and 60min after HIIE (P = 0.003) compared to baseline, and it also increased IL-4 levels immediately after exercise (P = 0.007) compared to resting values. MICE promoted an increase in IFN-g levels immediately after exercise (P = 0.025) and 60min after exercise (P = 0.004) in relation to baseline. Both exercise conditions increased IL-6 levels up to 60min after exercise (P < 0.05). The IFN-g/IL-4 ratio decreased immediately after (P = 0.002) and 60min after HIIE (P = 0.005) in relation to pre-exercise. No changes were found for IgA-S and TBARS for any of the conditions. Conclusion: A single HIIE session is able to decrease IFN-g/IL-4 ratio, indicating an anti-inflammatory response, without alterations in the function of the mucosal immune systemand lipoperoxidation. On the other hand, a brief session ofMICE induced changes in the pattern of cytokines associated with increased cellular immune function

Role of Body Mass and Physical Activity in Autonomic Function Modulation on Post-COVID-19 Condition: An Observational Subanalysis of Fit-COVID Study

The harmful effects of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) can reach the autonomic nervous system (ANS) and endothelial function. Therefore, the detrimental multiorgan effects of COVID-19 could be induced by deregulations in ANS that may persist after the acute SARS-CoV-2 infection. Additionally, investigating the differences in ANS response in overweight/obese, and physically inactive participants who had COVID-19 compared to those who did not have the disease is necessary. The aim of the study was to analyze the autonomic function of young adults after mild-to-moderate infection with SARS-CoV-2 and to assess whether body mass index (BMI) and levels of physical activity modulates autonomic function in participants with and without COVID-19. Patients previously infected with SARS-CoV-2 and healthy controls were recruited for this cross-sectional observational study. A general anamnesis was taken, and BMI and physical activity levels were assessed. The ANS was evaluated through heart rate variability. A total of 57 subjects were evaluated. Sympathetic nervous system activity in the post-COVID-19 group was increased (stress index; p = 0.0273). They also presented lower values of parasympathetic activity (p \u3c 0.05). Overweight/obese subjects in the post-COVID-19 group presented significantly lower parasympathetic activity and reduced global variability compared to non-obese in control group (p \u3c 0.05). Physically inactive subjects in the post-COVID-19 group presented significantly higher sympathetic activity than active subjects in the control group. Parasympathetic activity was significantly increased in physically active subjects in the control group compared to the physically inactive post-COVID-19 group (p \u3c 0.05). COVID-19 promotes changes in the ANS of young adults, and these changes are modulated by overweight/obesity and physical activity levels

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Treinamento Intervalado de Alta Intensidade: quebrando paradigmas na reabilitação cardiovascular

High Intensity Interval Training:  breaking paradigms in cardiovascular rehabilitationPurpose: address the acute responses of high intensity interval training, as well as chronic adaptations generated by even in cardiac rehabilitation programs and discuss their practical applications when compared to traditional cardiac rehabilitation programs. Methods: The search was conducted in Medline/Pubmed, where clinical trials were reviewed only for the acute response and randomized clinical trials for chronic adaptations, and who met the inclusion and exclusion criteria previously established Results: In total, 19 original studies were analyzed, eight studies on acute responses and chronic adaptations over 11 articles. Studies on acute responses to high-intensity interval training showed security level and metabolic responses similar to continuous moderate training. Studies on acute responses to high-intensity interval training showed security level and metabolic responses similar to continuous moderate training. Regarding the chronic response, the studies showed a high effectiveness of interval training in cardiac rehabilitation of various diseases, providing both beneficial effects on functional capacity, as in physiological functions and quality of life. Conclusion: The high-intensity interval training appears as safer alternative and beneficial, and can generate higher cardiopulmonary adaptations in protocols with shorter duration per session, should be considered their inclusion in cardiac rehabilitation programs.Abordar as respostas agudas do treinamento intervalado de alta intensidade, bem como as adaptações crônicas geradas pelo mesmo em programas de reabilitação cardíaca e discutir as suas aplicações práticas quando comparado a programas tradicionais de reabilitação cardíaca. Métodos: A busca foi conduzida na base de dados Medline/Pubmed, onde foram revisados somente ensaios clínicos para os efeitos agudos e ensaios clínicos randomizados para as adaptações crônicas, e que atenderam os critérios de inclusão e exclusão previamente estabelecidos. Resultados: Ao total, foram analisados 19 estudos originais, sendo oito estudos sobre respostas agudas e 11 artigos sobre adaptações crônicas. Estudos com respostas agudas ao treinamento intervalado de alta intensidade apresentaram nível de segurança e respostas metabólicas semelhantes ao treinamento moderado contínuo. Quanto à resposta crônica, os estudos apresentaram uma grande efetividade do treinamento intervalado na reabilitação cardíaca de diversas doenças, proporcionando tanto efeitos benéficos na capacidade funcional, como em funções fisiológicas e na qualidade de vida. Conclusão: O treinamento intervalado de alta intensidade apresenta-se como uma alternativa segura e benéfica, podendo gerar maiores adaptações cardiopulmonares em protocolos com menor tempo de duração por sessão, devendo ser considerado a sua inserção em programas de reabilitação cardíaca.

Short-term aerobic training improves heart rate variability in men living with HIV: a pre-post pilot study

Background Heart rate variability (HRV) a feasible predictor of prognosis in cardiovascular outcomes shown to be reduced in people living with HIV (PLWH). Objective This study sought to understand the effects of short-term aerobic training (AT) on the resting HRV and endothelial function in this population. Methods PLWH performed 24 sessions of AT protocol. The protocol consists of 40 min of treadmill (60 to 80% of the VO2max), 3 times per week, for 8 weeks. HRV (standard deviation of all normal RR intervals - SDNN; root mean square of the successive differences - rMSSD; low frequency - LF; high frequency - HF; LF:HF ratio) and endothelial function parameters were evaluated by EndoPAT system pre and post intervention. Results 7 men, the median age of the sample was 49 years (range, 38–68 years), completed the protocol. AT improved resting HRV parameters: SDNN (p = 0.02, power analysis (PA) 0.54), rMSSD (p = 0.02, PA = 0.99), LF (p = 0.02, PA = 0.85). HF, LF:HF ratio and endothelial function parameters showed no changes. Conclusions The results suggest the short-term AT may improve HRV in men living with HIV