Single and combined impacts of irradiation and surgery on lymphatic vasculature and fibrosis associated to secondary lymphedema

peer reviewedLymphedema (LD) refers to a condition of lymphatic dysfunction associated with excessive fluid accumulation, fibroadipose tissue deposition and swelling. In industrialized countries, LD development mainly results from a local disruption of the lymphatic network by an infection or cancer-related surgery (secondary LD). In the absence of efficient therapy, animal models are needed to decipher the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying LD and test putative drugs. In this study, we optimized and characterized a murine model of LD that combines an irradiation of the mice hind limb and a radical surgery (lymph node resection associated to lymphatic vessel ligation). We investigated the respective roles of irradiation and surgery in LD formation by comparing their impacts, alone or in combination (with different intervention sequences), on eight different features of the pathology: swelling (paw thickness), indocyanine green (ICG) clearance, lymphatic vasculature remodeling, epidermal and dermal thickening, adipocyte accumulation, inflammatory cell infiltration and collagen deposition. This study supports the importance of radiation prior to surgery to experimentally induce a rapid, severe and sustained tissue remodeling harboring the different hallmarks of LD. We provide the first experimental evidence for an excessive deposition of periostin (POSTN) and tenascin-C (TNC) in LD. Through a computerized method of digital image quantification, we established the spatial map of lymphatic expansion, as well as collagen, POSTN and TNC deposition in papillary and reticular dermis of lymphedematous skins. This mouse model is available to study the patho-physiology of LD and test potential therapeutic targets

Virtual variation simulation of CAD/CAM template-guided surgeries performed on human cadavers: Part II

Material and methods Seventeen computer-aided plans were used for virtual variation simulation of surgeries conducted on 17 human cadavers and 145 implants placed in the cadavers. For each surgery, 10,000 virtual surgeries were performed, resulting in 1,450,000 implant placements. The results from the virtual variation simulations were statistically compared with the results from the actual surgeries. The Mann-Whitney U test was used to compare the implant distributions (α=.05). Results In the maxillae, the difference between the simulated average mean of the mean and the compared surgical average of the median was 0.22 mm (apex) and −0.35 mm (hex), and for the mandible, the corresponding values were −0.19 mm (apex) and −0.69 mm (hex). The simulated average mean of the range compared to the mean range of the maximum deviation results from the surgeries of the maxillae was 2.96 mm (apex) and 0.44 mm (hex), and 2.3 mm (apex) and 0.26 mm (hex) for the mandible. The implant distributions between the simulations and the surgeries were significantly different at both the hex (P<.001) and apex (P<.001). Statement of problem CAD/CAM template-guided surgery has gained attention as a method of improving the predictability of dental implant placement. However, due to possible variations during the manufacturing process and in the robustness of the template design, a virtual prediction of the potential positioning of the implants is needed Purpose The purpose of this study was to perform virtual variation simulations on virtually planned implant placements and to compare them with corresponding results from actual surgeries performed on human cadavers in a previous study. Material and methods Seventeen computer-aided plans were used for virtual variation simulation of surgeries conducted on 17 human cadavers and 145 implants placed in the cadavers. For each surgery, 10,000 virtual surgeries were performed, resulting in 1,450,000 implant placements. The results from the virtual variation simulations were statistically compared with the results from the actual surgeries. The Mann-Whitney U test was used to compare the implant distributions (α=.05). Results In the maxillae, the difference between the simulated average mean of the mean and the compared surgical average of the median was 0.22 mm (apex) and −0.35 mm (hex), and for the mandible, the corresponding values were −0.19 mm (apex) and −0.69 mm (hex). The simulated average mean of the range compared to the mean range of the maximum deviation results from the surgeries of the maxillae was 2.96 mm (apex) and 0.44 mm (hex), and 2.3 mm (apex) and 0.26 mm (hex) for the mandible. The implant distributions between the simulations and the surgeries were significantly different at both the hex (P<.001) and apex (P<.001). Conclusions The implant distributions were neither static nor normally distributed. Thus, within the limitations of this study, the definitive geometrical variations of the implants were not static, as they depend on the individual anatomy of the jaws and the ability to place the CAD/CAM-guided surgical template in the proper position. (J Prosthet Dent 2010;104:48-55

Dietary exposure of 18-month-old Guadeloupian toddlers to chlordecone.

International audienceChlordecone is an organochlorine insecticide used in the French West Indies until 1993. Toddlers are expected to be differently exposed than older children and adults. The dietary exposure to chlordecone of 18-month-old Guadeloupian toddlers was assessed through different scenarios depending on whether the subjects live on a soil-contaminated place or not and on their supply habits. Food contamination data came from the RESO study performed in 2005-2006. Consumption data derived from a dietary survey conducted in 2005-2008. Results were compared to those of other age groups. Chronic dietary exposures to chlordecone were estimated in a range of 0.018-0.051 μg/kg bw/day (P95: 0.044-0.096) for toddlers living in a non contaminated area and between 0.045-0.078 μg/kg bw/day (P95: 0.110-0.144) for toddlers living in a contaminated area. The probability of exceeding the chronic health-based value of 0.5 μg/kg bw/day was null. These results suggest that 18-month-old toddlers are less exposed than groups aged over 3 years old. This can be explained by their consumption pattern mostly based on milk and fruits, which are not highly contaminated by chlordecone. The acute health-based value of 10 μg/kg bw/day could be exceeded when consuming of highly contaminated taros, showing the importance of regulatory maximum limit

Accuracy of CAD/CAM-guided surgical template implant surgery on human cadavers: Part I

Statement of problem. An optimal method for approaching the clinical surgical situation, when using preoperatively, virtually planned implant positioning, is to transfer data to a CAD/CAM-guided surgical template with the definitive position of the implant placed after surgery. The accuracy of CAD/CAM-guided surgeries must be determined to provide safe treatment.Purpose. The purpose of this study was to compare the deviation between the position of virtually planned implants and the position of implants placed with a CAD/CAM-guided surgical template in the mandible and the maxilla in human cadavers.Material and methods. Ten maxillae and 7 mandibles, from completely edentulous cadavers, were scanned with CT, and 145 implants (Branemark RP Groovy) were planned with software and placed with the aid of a CAD/CAM-guided surgical template. The preoperative CT scan was matched with the postoperative CT scan using voxel-based registration. The positions of the virtually planned implants were compared with the actual positions of the implants. Data were analyzed with a t test (alpha=.05).Results. The mean measurement differences between the computer-planned implants and implants placed after surgery for all implants placed were 1.25 mm (95% Cl: 1.13-1.36) for the apex, 1.06 mm (95% Cl: 0.97-1.16) for the hex, 0.28 mm (95% Cl: 0.18-0.38) for the depth deviation, 2.64 degrees (95% Cl: 2.41-2.87) for the angular deviation, and 0.71 mm (95% Cl: 0.61-0.81 mm) for the translation deviation.Conclusions. The results demonstrated a statistically significant difference between mandibles and maxillae for the hex, apex, and depth measurements in the variation between the virtually planned implant positions and the positions of the implants placed after surgery with a CAD/CAM-guided surgical template

Accuracy of CAD/CAM-guided surgical template implant surgery on human cadavers: Part I

Statement of problem. An optimal method for approaching the clinical surgical situation, when using preoperatively, virtually planned implant positioning, is to transfer data to a CAD/CAM-guided surgical template with the definitive position of the implant placed after surgery. The accuracy of CAD/CAM-guided surgeries must be determined to provide safe treatment.Purpose. The purpose of this study was to compare the deviation between the position of virtually planned implants and the position of implants placed with a CAD/CAM-guided surgical template in the mandible and the maxilla in human cadavers.Material and methods. Ten maxillae and 7 mandibles, from completely edentulous cadavers, were scanned with CT, and 145 implants (Branemark RP Groovy) were planned with software and placed with the aid of a CAD/CAM-guided surgical template. The preoperative CT scan was matched with the postoperative CT scan using voxel-based registration. The positions of the virtually planned implants were compared with the actual positions of the implants. Data were analyzed with a t test (alpha=.05).Results. The mean measurement differences between the computer-planned implants and implants placed after surgery for all implants placed were 1.25 mm (95% Cl: 1.13-1.36) for the apex, 1.06 mm (95% Cl: 0.97-1.16) for the hex, 0.28 mm (95% Cl: 0.18-0.38) for the depth deviation, 2.64 degrees (95% Cl: 2.41-2.87) for the angular deviation, and 0.71 mm (95% Cl: 0.61-0.81 mm) for the translation deviation.Conclusions. The results demonstrated a statistically significant difference between mandibles and maxillae for the hex, apex, and depth measurements in the variation between the virtually planned implant positions and the positions of the implants placed after surgery with a CAD/CAM-guided surgical template

Functional diversity within the [i]Penicillium roqueforti[/i] species

Supplementary data to this article can be found online at http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2016.10.001.Penicillium roqueforti is used as a ripening culture for blue cheeses and largely contributes to their organolepticquality and typical characteristics. Different types of blue cheeses are manufactured and consumed worldwideand have distinct aspects, textures, flavors and colors. These features are well accepted to be due to the different manufacturing methods but also to the specific P. roqueforti strains used. Indeed, inoculated P. roqueforti strains, via their proteolytic and lipolytic activities, have an effect on both blue cheese texture and flavor. In particular, P. roqueforti produces a wide range of flavor compounds and variations in their proportions influence the flavor profiles of this type of cheese. Moreover, P. roqueforti is also characterized by substantial morphological and genetic diversity thus raising the question about the functional diversity of this species. In this context, 55 representative strains were screened for key metabolic properties including proteolytic activity (by determining free NH2 amino groups) and secondary metabolite production (aroma compounds using HS-Trap GC–MS and mycotoxins via LC-MS/Q-TOF). Mini model cheeses were used for aroma production and proteolysis analyses, whereas Yeast Extract Sucrose (YES) agarmediumwas used formycotoxin production. Overall, this study highlighted high functional diversity among isolates. Noteworthy, when only P. roqueforti strains isolated from Protected Designation of Origin (PDO) or Protected Geographical Indication (PGI) blue cheeseswere considered, a clear relationship between genetic diversity, population structure and the assessed functional traits was show

Genetic basis for mycophenolic acid production and strain-dependent production variability in Penicillium roqueforti

International audienc

Data from: Induction of sexual reproduction and genetic diversity in the cheese fungus Penicillium roqueforti

The emblematic fungus Penicillium roqueforti is used throughout the world as a starter culture in the production of blue-veined cheeses. Like other industrial filamentous fungi, P. roqueforti was thought to lack a sexual cycle. However, an ability to induce recombination is of great economic and fundamental importance, as it would make it possible to transform and improve industrial strains, promoting the creation of novel phenotypes and eliminating the deleterious mutations that accumulate during clonal propagation. We report here, for the first time, the induction of the sexual structures of P. roqueforti — ascogonia, cleistothecia and ascospores. The progeny of the sexual cycle displayed clear evidence of recombination. We also used the recently published genome sequence for this species to develop microsatellite markers for investigating the footprints of recombination and population structure in a large collection of isolates from around the world and from different environments. Indeed, P. roqueforti also occurs in silage, wood and human-related environments other than cheese. We found tremendous genetic diversity within P. roqueforti, even within cheese strains, and identified six highly differentiated clusters that probably predate the use of this species for cheese production. Screening for phenotypic and metabolic differences between these populations could guide future development strategies