Du processus aux soins intégrés: Expérience de gestion de projet bottom-up

Le service de chirurgie cardiaque du CHU de Liège a soutenu des recherches visant à développer un programme d’épargne sanguine, enjeu actuel de taille dans ce secteur des soins de santé. Ce projet a évolué vers la création d’un itinéraire clinique chirurgical cardiaque et d’un modèle institutionnel pour le développement d’autres itinéraires cliniques. Une évolution qui permet de déterminer les missions spécifiques de l’institution et ses objectifs stratégiques, et de s’associer aux projets nationaux. L’adhésion multidisciplinaire, soutenue par un leadership médical et infirmier, ainsi que la reconnaissance institutionnelle sont les déterminants de la pérennité de cette démarche bottom-up

A Phenomenological Thermodynamic Potential for CaTiO3 Single Crystal

The antiferrodistortive (AFD) structural transitions of calcium titanate (CaTiO3) at ambient pressure have been extensively studied during the last few years. It is found none of the AFD polymorphs is polar or ferroelectric. However, it was recently shown theoretically and later experimentally confirmed that a ferroelectric transition in CaTiO3 can be induced by tensile strains. The ferroelectric instability is believed to be strongly coupled to the AFD soft modes. In this article, we present a complete thermodynamic potential for describing the coupling between the AFD and ferroelectric phase transitions. We analyzed the dependence of transition temperatures on stress and strain condition. Based on this potential, a (001) CaTiO3 thin film diagram was constructed. The results show good agreement with available experimental observations. The strong suppression of ferroelectric transition by the AFD transition is discussed

Feeding Cyprinus carpio with infectious materials mediates cyprinid herpesvirus 3 entry through infection of pharyngeal periodontal mucosa

Cyprinid herpesvirus 3 (CyHV-3), also known as Koi herpesvirus, is the etiological agent of a mortal disease in common and koi carp. Recently, we investigated the entry of CyHV-3 in carp using bioluminescence imaging and a CyHV-3 recombinant strain expressing luciferase (LUC). We demonstrated that the skin is the major portal of entry after inoculation of carp by immersion in water containing CyHV-3. While this model of infection mimics some natural conditions in which infection takes place, other epidemiological conditions could favour entry of virus through the digestive tract. Here, we investigated whether ingestion of infectious materials mediates CyHV-3 entry through the digestive tract. Carp were fed with materials contaminated with the CyHV-3 LUC recombinant (oral contamination) or immersed in water containing the virus (contamination by immersion). Bioluminescence imaging analyses performed at different times post-infection led to the following observations: (i) the pharyngeal periodontal mucosa is the major portal of entry after oral contamination, while the skin is the major portal of entry after contamination by immersion. (ii) Both modes of inoculation led to the spreading of the infection to the various organs tested. However, the timing and the sequence in which some of the organs turned positive were different between the two modes of inoculation. Finally, we compared the disease induced by the two inoculation modes. They led to comparable clinical signs and mortality rate. The results of the present study suggest that, based on epidemiological conditions, CyHV-3 can enter carp either by skin or periodontal pharyngeal mucosal infection

Contribution d’une démarche quantitative à l’analyse des flux médiatiques d’information

Comment appréhender les flux médiatiques d’information qui fabriquent l’actualité ? Cette contribution propose de restituer à l’information une partie de son sens, en la replaçant dans le flux dont elle procède et qu’elle produit. L’attribution standardisée de descripteurs rédactionnels permet de multiplier les « prises » sur des corpus volumineux de sujets : le matériau, devenu descriptible dans le temps, gagne en intelligibilité par le recours à l’inférence statistique. Une saisie macroscopique et diachronique de l’information est rendue possible, qui invite à découvrir les structures, les dynamiques et les événements saillants à partir desquels se fabrique l’actualité médiatique et, au-delà, l’espace public. Cette méthode est présentée par les résultats qu’elle a fournis pour analyser dix ans d’information sportive dans les journaux télévisés hertziens français. Pour autant, l’outil n’explique pas par lui-même, et suppose de multiplier les questions, de recourir à d’autres savoirs pour rendre intelligible ce qu’il donne à lire autrement. Cette forme de travail ouvre ainsi moins des questions que de nouvelles voies pour produire des indicateurs permettant d’y répondre.How to grasp the media streams of information which make the current events ? This contribution suggests restoring to the information a part of its meaning, by replacing it in the stream of which it proceeds and which it produces. The standardized attribution of editorial descriptors allows to multiply the "grips" on voluminous corpuses of subjects : the material, become descriptible in time, wins in comprehensibility by the appeal to statistical inference. A macroscopic and diachronic seizure of the information is made possible, which invites to discover the structures, the dynamics and the striking events from which are made the media current events and, beyond, the public space. This method is presented by the results that it supplied to analyze ten years of sports information in the French Hertzian television news. For all that, the tool does not explain by itself, and supposes to multiply the questions, to resort to other knowledges to make understandable what it gives to read otherwise. This working shape so opens fewer questions than new ways to produce indicators allowing to answer it

Reflux of Endoplasmic Reticulum proteins to the cytosol inactivates tumor suppressors

International audienceIn the past decades, many studies reported the presence of endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-resident proteins in the cytosol. However, the mechanisms by which these proteins relocate and whether they exert cytosolic functions remain unknown. We find that a subset of ER luminal proteins accumulates in the cytosol of glioblastoma cells isolated from mouse and human tumors. In cultured cells, ER protein reflux to the cytosol occurs upon ER proteostasis perturbation. Using the ER luminal protein anterior gradient 2 (AGR2) as a proof of concept, we tested whether the refluxed proteins gain new functions in the cytosol. We find that refluxed, cytosolic AGR2 binds and inhibits the tumor suppressor p53. These data suggest that ER reflux constitutes an ER surveillance mechanism to relieve the ER from its contents upon stress, providing a selective advantage to tumor cells through gain-of-cytosolic functions-a phenomenon we name ER to Cytosol Signaling (ERCYS)

Tree growth and mortality of 42 timber species in central Africa

peer reviewedTree growth and mortality are two central processes in the functioning of mixed and structurally complex moist tropical forests. The outcome of these processes is usually predicted using estimates of tree growth and mortality rates. Nevertheless, the accurate estimates of these parameters are still scarce which impedes our ability to predict forest evolution and build reliable management plans. To partly fill this gap, we carried out the permanent monitoring of 21,180 trees belonging to 42 species that are exploited for timber production in central Africa. Besides reporting new species-specific estimates of diameter increments and mortality rates, we aimed to evaluate how tree growth varies with tree size and logging history. Additionally, we discussed our results in regards to the reference values of diameter increments, mortality rates and minimum cutting diameters that are used to build forest management plans. Diameter increment was found to significantly depend on tree size for the majority of the studied species. The significant relationships between diameter increment and tree size were mostly hump-back shaped. The trees with a diameter close to or lower than the reference minimum cutting diameter were growing faster than the average. Moreover, we found that tree growth was reduced during 1-2 years after timber exploitation and then spurred during at least 5 years. Such tree growth response to logging was nevertheless species-specific. This study provided new estimates of tree growth and mortality rates that could help performing more accurate forest projections and establish sustainable management plans

How Tightly Linked Are Pericopsis elata (Fabaceae) Patches to Anthropogenic Disturbances in Southeastern Cameroon?

peer reviewedWhile most past studies have emphasized the relationships between specific forest stands and edaphic factors, recent observations in Central African moist forests suggested that an increase of slash-and-burn agriculture since 3000–2000 BP (Before Present) could be the main driver of the persistence of light-demanding tree species. In order to examine anthropogenic factors in the persistence of such populations, our study focused on Pericopsis elata, an endangered clustered timber species. We used a multidisciplinary approach comprised of botanical, anthracological and archaeobotanical investigations to compare P. elata patches with surrounding stands of mixed forest vegetation (“out-zones”). Charcoal samples were found in both zones, but were significantly more abundant in the soils of patches. Eleven groups of taxa were identified from the charcoals, most of them also present in the current vegetation. Potsherds were detected only inside P. elata patches and at different soil depths, suggesting a long human presence from at least 2150 to 195 BP, as revealed by our charcoal radiocarbon dating. We conclude that current P. elata patches most likely result from shifting cultivation that occurred ca. two centuries ago. The implications of our findings for the dynamics and management of light-demanding tree species are discussed