Effects of environmental factors on development of Pyrenopeziza brassicae (light leaf spot) apothecia on oilseed rape debris

Publication no. P-2001-0221-01R. This article is in the public domain and not copyrightable. It may be freely reprinted with customary crediting of the source. The American Phytopathological Society, 2001The development of Pyrenopeziza brassicae (light leaf spot) apothecia was studied on petiole debris from artificially infected oilseed rape leaves incubated at temperatures from 6 to 22 degreesC under different wetness regimes and in 16 h light/8 h dark or continuous darkness. There was no significant difference between light treatments in numbers of apothecia that developed. Mature apothecia developed at temperatures from 5 to 18 degreesC but not at 22 degreesC. The rate of apothecial development decreased as temperature decreased from 18 to 5 degreesC; mature apothecia were first observed after 5 days at 18 degreesC and after 15 days at 6 degreesC. Models were fitted to estimates of the time (days) for 50% of the maximum number of apothecia to develop (t(1); model 1, t(1) = 7.6 + 55.8(0.839)(T)) and the time for 50% of the maximum number of apothecia to decay (t(2); model 2, t(2) = 24.2 + 387(0.730)(T)) at temperatures (T) from 6 to 18 degreesC. An interruption in wetness of the petiole debris for 4 days after 4, 7, or 10 days of wetness delayed the time to observation of the first mature apothecia for approximate to4 days and decreased the number of apothecia produced (by comparison with continuous wetness). A relationship was found between water content of pod debris and electrical resistance measured by a debris-wetness sensor. The differences between values of tl predicted by model 1 and observed values of t(1) were 1 to 9 days. Model 2 did not predict t(2); apothecia decayed more quickly under natural conditions than predicted by model 2.Peer reviewe

ProMoT : Modular Modeling for Systems Biology

Summary: PROMOT is a software designed to support efficient and comprehensible modeling, visualization and analysis of complex and large-scale models. In recent years it has been improved in many aspects. New functionality especially tailored for Systems Biology has been added. It is now a very convenient tool for modular modeling. Availability: PROMOT is an open source project and freely available at http://www.mpi-magdeburg.mpg.de/projects/promot/download.html

Sign reversals of the Quantum Hall Effect in quasi-1D conductors

The sign reversals of the Quantum Hall Effect observed in quasi-one-dimensional conductors of the Bechgaard salts family are explained within the framework of the quantized nesting model. The sequence of reversals is driven by slight modifications of the geometry of the Fermi surface. It is explained why only even phases can have signign reversals and why negative phases are less stable than positive ones.Comment: 4 LaTex pages, 3 Postscript figure

Logical network of genotoxic stress-induced NF-kB signal transduction predicts putative target structures for therapeutic intervention strategies

Genotoxic stress is induced by a broad range of DNA-damaging agents and could lead to a variety of human diseases including cancer. DNA damage is also therapeutically induced for cancer treatment with the aim to eliminate tumor cells. However, the effectiveness of radio- and chemotherapy is strongly hampered by tumor cell resistance. A major reason for radio- and chemotherapeutic resistances is the simultaneous activation of cell survival pathways resulting in the activation of the transcription factor nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB). Here, we present a Boolean network model of the NF-κB signal transduction induced by genotoxic stress in epithelial cells. For the representation and analysis of the model, we used the formalism of logical interaction hypergraphs. Model reconstruction was based on a careful meta-analysis of published data. By calculating minimal intervention sets, we identified p53-induced protein with a death domain (PIDD), receptor-interacting protein 1 (RIP1), and protein inhibitor of activated STAT y (PIASy) as putative therapeutic targets to abrogate NF-κB activation resulting in apoptosis. Targeting these structures therapeutically may potentiate the effectiveness of radio- and chemotherapy. Thus, the presented model allows a better understanding of the signal transduction in tumor cells and provides candidates as new therapeutic target structures. © 2009 Poltz et al, publisher and licensee Dove Medical Press Ltd. This is an Open Access article which permits unrestricted noncommercial use, provided the original work is properly cited. [accessed February 5th, 2010

Errors recruit both cognitive and emotional monitoring systems: Simultaneous intracranial recordings in the dorsal anterior cingulate gyrus and amygdala combined with fMRI

We studied error monitoring in a human patient with unique implantation of depth electrodes in both the left dorsal cingulate gyrus and medial temporal lobe prior to surgery. The patient performed a speeded go/nogo task and made a substantial number of commission errors (false alarms). As predicted, intracranial Local Field Potentials (iLFPs) in dorsal anterior cingulate indexed the detection of errors, showing an early differential activity around motor execution for false alarms, relative to correct responses (either hits or correct inhibitions). More surprisingly, we found that the left amygdala also participated to error monitoring (although no emotional stimuli were used), but with a very different neurophysiological profile as compared with the dorsal cingulate cortex. Amygdala iLFPs showed a precise and reproducible temporal unfolding, characterized by an early monophasic response for correct hits around motor execution, which was delayed by approximately 300ms for errors (even though actual RTs were almost identical in these two conditions). Moreover, time-frequency analyses demonstrated a reliable and transient coupling in the theta band around motor execution between these two distant regions. Additional fMRI investigation in the same patient confirmed a differential involvement of the dorsal cingulate cortex vs. amygdala in error monitoring during this go/nogo task. Finally, these intracranial results for the left amygdala were replicated in a second patient with intracranial electrodes in the right amygdala. Altogether, these results suggest that the amygdala may register the motivational significance of motor actions on a trial-by-trial basis, while the dorsal anterior cingulate cortex may provide signals concerning failures of cognitive control and behavioral adjustment. More generally, these data shed new light on neural mechanisms underlying self-monitoring by showing that even "simple" motor actions recruit not only executive cognitive processes (in dorsal cingulate) but also affective processes (in amygdala)

Orbital Tests of Relativistic Gravity using Artificial Satellites

We reexamine non-Einsteinian effects observable in the orbital motion of low-orbit artificial Earth satellites. The motivations for doing so are twofold: (i) recent theoretical studies suggest that the correct theory of gravity might contain a scalar contribution which has been reduced to a small value by the effect of the cosmological expansion; (ii) presently developed space technologies should soon give access to a new generation of satellites endowed with drag-free systems and tracked in three dimensions at the centimeter level. Our analysis suggests that such data could measure two independent combinations of the Eddington parameters (beta - 1) and (gamma - 1) at the 10^-4 level and probe the time variability of Newton's "constant" at the d(ln G)/dt ~ 10^-13 yr^-1 level. These tests would provide well-needed complements to the results of the Lunar Laser Ranging experiment, and of the presently planned experiments aiming at measuring (gamma -1). In view of the strong demands they make on the level of non- gravitational perturbations, these tests might require a dedicated mission consisting of an optimized passive drag-free satellite.Comment: 17 pages, IHES/P/94/22 and CPT-94/P.E.302

Report of the panel on plate motion and deformation, section 2

Given here is a panel report on the goals and objectives, requirements and recommendations for the investigation of plate motion and deformation. The goals are to refine our knowledge of plate motions, study regional and local deformation, and contribute to the solution of important societal problems. The requirements include basic space-positioning measurements, the use of global and regional data sets obtained with space-based techniques, topographic and geoid data to help characterize the internal processes that shape the planet, gravity data to study the density structure at depth and help determine the driving mechanisms for plate tectonics, and satellite images to map lithology, structure and morphology. The most important recommendation of the panel is for the implementation of a world-wide space-geodetic fiducial network to provide a systematic and uniform measure of global strain

A rapid microwave-assisted procedure for easy access to Nx polydentate ligands for potential application in α-RIT

International audienceHeterocycles bearing a hydrazine moiety react with bisaldehydes or bisketones to afford new Nx polydentate ligands suitable for α-radioimmunotherapy. We developed a fast and efficient method using microwave-assisted technology to obtain chelators with variable size and number of coordination centres which were fully characterized. The complexation efficiency with astatine will be assessed

Phase transition in the bounded one-dimensional multitrap system

We have previously discussed the diffusion limited problem of the bounded one-dimensional multitrap system where no external fiel is included and pay special attention to the transmission of the diffusing particles through the system of imperfect traps. We discuss here the case in which an external field is included to each trap and find not only the transmission but also the energy associated with the diffusing particles in the presence and absence of such fields. From the energy we find the specific heat $C_h$ and show that for certain values of the parameters associated with the multitrap system it behaves in a manner which is suggestive of phase transition. Moreover, this phase transition is demonstrated not only through the conventional single peak at which the specific heat function is undifferentiable but also through the less frequent phenomenon of double peaks.Comment: 25 pages, 6 PS Figures, there have been introduced many changes including the remove of two figure