4,690 research outputs found

    Critical decay index at the onset of solar eruptions

    Get PDF
    Magnetic flux ropes are topological structures consisting of twisted magnetic field lines that globally wrap around an axis. The torus instability model predicts that a magnetic flux rope of major radius RR undergoes an eruption when its axis reaches a location where the decay index d(lnBex)/d(lnR)-d(\ln B_{ex})/d(\ln R) of the ambient magnetic field BexB_{ex} is larger than a critical value. In the current-wire model, the critical value depends on the thickness and time-evolution of the current channel. We use magneto-hydrodynamic (MHD) simulations to investigate if the critical value of the decay index at the onset of the eruption is affected by the magnetic flux rope's internal current profile and/or by the particular pre-eruptive photospheric dynamics. The evolution of an asymmetric, bipolar active region is driven by applying different classes of photospheric motions. We find that the critical value of the decay index at the onset of the eruption is not significantly affected by either the pre-eruptive photospheric evolution of the active region or by the resulting different magnetic flux ropes. As in the case of the current-wire model, we find that there is a `critical range' [1.31.5] [1.3-1.5], rather than a `critical value' for the onset of the torus instability. This range is in good agreement with the predictions of the current-wire model, despite the inclusion of line-tying effects and the occurrence of tether-cutting magnetic reconnection.Comment: 15 pages, 9 figures. To appear in The Astrophysical Journa

    Quantum computation with optical coherent states

    Get PDF
    We show that quantum computation circuits using coherent states as the logical qubits can be constructed from simple linear networks, conditional photon measurements and "small" coherent superposition resource states

    NOVEL ENERGY ABSORBING MATERIALS WITH APPLICATIONS IN HELMETED HEAD PROTECTION

    Get PDF
    A finite element, functionally graded foam model (FGFM) is proposed, which is shown to provide more effective energy absorption management, compared to homogenous foams, under low energy impact conditions. The FGFM is modelled by discretising a virtual foam into a large number of element layers through the foam thickness. Each layer is described by a unique constitutive cellular response, which is derived from the initial foam density, ρ, unique to that layer. Large strain unixial compressive tests at a strain rate of 0.001 s-1 are performed on expanded polystyrene (EPS), and their σ −ε response is used as input to a modified constitutive model from the literature. It is found that under low energy impacts an FGFM can outperform a uniform foam of equivalent density terms of reducing peak accelerations, while performing almost as effectively as uniform foams under high energy conditions. These novel materials, properly manufactured, could find use as next generation helmet liners in answer to recent, more rigorous equestrian helmet standards, e.g. BS EN 14572:2005

    Improving the entanglement transfer from continuous variable systems to localized qubits using non Gaussian states

    Full text link
    We investigate the entanglement transfer from a bipartite continuous-variable (CV) system to a pair of localized qubits assuming that each CV mode couples to one qubit via the off-resonance Jaynes-Cummings interaction with different interaction times for the two subsystems. First, we consider the case of the CV system prepared in a Bell-like superposition and investigate the conditions for maximum entanglement transfer. Then we analyze the general case of two-mode CV states that can be represented by a Schmidt decomposition in the Fock number basis. This class includes both Gaussian and non Gaussian CV states, as for example twin-beam (TWB) and pair-coherent (TMC, also known as two-mode-coher ent) states respectively. Under resonance conditions, equal interaction times for both qubits and different initial preparations, we find that the entanglement transfer is more efficient for TMC than for TWB states. In the perspective of applications such as in cavity QED or with superconducting qubits, we analyze in details the effects of off-resonance interactions (detuning) and different interaction times for the two qubits, and discuss conditions to preserve the entanglement transfer.Comment: revised version, 11 pages, 7 figures (few of them low-res

    Distance measures to compare real and ideal quantum processes

    Get PDF
    With growing success in experimental implementations it is critical to identify a "gold standard" for quantum information processing, a single measure of distance that can be used to compare and contrast different experiments. We enumerate a set of criteria such a distance measure must satisfy to be both experimentally and theoretically meaningful. We then assess a wide range of possible measures against these criteria, before making a recommendation as to the best measures to use in characterizing quantum information processing.Comment: 15 pages; this version in line with published versio
    corecore