DyMo: Dynamic Monitoring of Large Scale LTE-Multicast Systems

LTE evolved Multimedia Broadcast/Multicast Service (eMBMS) is an attractive solution for video delivery to very large groups in crowded venues. However, deployment and management of eMBMS systems is challenging, due to the lack of realtime feedback from the User Equipment (UEs). Therefore, we present the Dynamic Monitoring (DyMo) system for low-overhead feedback collection. DyMo leverages eMBMS for broadcasting Stochastic Group Instructions to all UEs. These instructions indicate the reporting rates as a function of the observed Quality of Service (QoS). This simple feedback mechanism collects very limited QoS reports from the UEs. The reports are used for network optimization, thereby ensuring high QoS to the UEs. We present the design aspects of DyMo and evaluate its performance analytically and via extensive simulations. Specifically, we show that DyMo infers the optimal eMBMS settings with extremely low overhead, while meeting strict QoS requirements under different UE mobility patterns and presence of network component failures. For instance, DyMo can detect the eMBMS Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR) experienced by the 0.1% percentile of the UEs with Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) of 0.05% with only 5 to 10 reports per second regardless of the number of UEs

Supernova neutrinos: production, propagation and oscillations

I shall review some of the recent results concerning the astrophysics of a core collapse supernova (SN) and neutrino oscillations. Neutrinos play an important role in the SN explosion, and they also carry most of the energy of the collapse. The energy spectra of neutrinos and antineutrinos arriving at the Earth incorporate information on the primary neutrino fluxes as well as the neutrino mixing scenario. The analysis of neutrino propagation through the matter of the supernova and the Earth, combined with the observation of a neutrino burst from a galactic SN, enables us to put limits on the mixing angle $\theta_{13}$ and identify whether the mass hierarchy is normal or inverted. The neutrino burst also acts as an early warning signal for the optical observation, and in addition allows us to have a peek at the shock wave while still inside the SN mantle.Comment: 8 pages, uses espcrc2.sty (Nucl. Phys. B). Talk given at Neutrino 2004, Pari

Enhancement of quality of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) flesh incorporating barley on diet without negative effect on rearing parameters

[EN] Barley concentrations ranging from 0 to 32% (0B, 40B, 80B, 160B, and 319B) were incorporated into rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum) diets. The experiment started with an initial average fish weight of 127.72 +/- 5.65 g and finished when they reached commercial weight (final weight between 312 and 330 g) after 84 days. The inclusion of barley in the diets did not show a significant effect on growth and biometric parameters, fat and carbohydrate digestibilities; however, protein digestibility decreased significantly with the incorporation of barley on diets. Glucose levels increased significantly with barley concentration in the diet, and lactate and cortisol levels were also significantly affected after a stress period regardless of the diet. Meat quality was influenced as well by barley concentration. Lower water activity values and an enhancement in textural and color properties were observed in fish fed with the diet containing the highest barley concentration. Trout fed feed with higher concentrations of barley (160B) showed lower lipid oxidation levels than those fed with lower concentrations (control and 40B). The sensory panel found that fish fed with diets higher than 8% in barley content (80B) exhibited a brighter red color in the gills and a better texture; also, meat color became redder with a higher barley inclusion (160B and 319B), being all these sensory parameters correlated with fish freshness. Thus, results indicate that barley can be substituted for wheat fraction without any detrimental effect on production efficiency and enhancing fish quality.This work has been co-funded with FEDER and INIA funds. The authors thanks Dr. Francisco Ciudad Bautista for providing barley variety obtained in ITACyL, IRTA, EEDF-CSIC, ITAP, and INIA (1FD97-0792 and RTA2006-00020-C04). Julia Pinedo has been granted with the FPI-INIA grant number 21 (call 2012, BOE-2012-13337).Pinedo-Gil, J.; Tomas-Vidal, A.; Larrán-García, AM.; Tomas-Almenar, C.; Jover Cerda, M.; Sanz-Calvo, M.; Martín-Diana, A. (2017). Enhancement of quality of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) flesh incorporating barley on diet without negative effect on rearing parameters. Aquaculture International. 25(3):1005-1023. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10499-016-0091-010051023253A.O.A.C., Association of Official Analytical Chemists (1990) Official methods of analysis, 15th edn. Association of Official Analytical Chemists, Arlington 1298 ppAi Q, Mai K, Zhang L, Tan B, Zhang W, Xu W, Li H (2007) Effects of dietary β-1,3- glucan on innate immune response on large yellow croaker, Pseudosciaena crocea. Fish Shellfish Immun 22:394–402APROMAR 2014 La acuicultura en España 2013. Report by the Spanish Association of marine Aquaculture (APROMAR) and the Spanish Association of Freshwater Aquaculture (ESCUA). Available at: http://www.apromar.es/content/la-acuicultura-en-españa-2014Asghari M, Shabanpour B, Pakravan S (2014) Evaluation of some qualitative variations in frozen fillets of beluga (Huso huso) fed by different carbohydrate to lipid ratios. J Food Sci Tech 51(3):430–439Atkinson JL, Hilton JW, Slinger SJ (1984) Evaluation of acid-insoluble ash as an indicator of feed digestibility in rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri). Can J Fish Aquat Sci 41:1384–1386Caballero MJ, Obach A, Rosenlund G, Montero D, Gisvold M, Izquierdo MS (2002) Impact of different dietary lipid sources on growth, lipid digestibility, tissue fatty acid composition and histology of rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss. Aquaculture 214:253–271Casas C, Martinez O, Guillen MD, Pin C, Salmeron J (2006) Textural properties of raw Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) at three points along the fillet, determined by different methods. Food Control 17:511–515Chang C-F, Su M-S, Chen H-Y, Liao I-C (2003) Dietary β-1,3-glucan effectively improves immunity and survival of Penaeus monodon challenged with white spot syndrome virus. Fish Shellfish Immun 15:297–310Cheng ZJ, Hardy RW (2002) Effect of microbial phytase on apparent nutrient digestibility of barley, canola meal, wheat and wheat middlings, measured in vivo using rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Aquac Nutr 8:271–277Cheng ZJ, Hardy RW (2003) Effects of extrusion processing of feed ingredients on apparent digestibility coefficients of nutrients for rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Aquac Nutr 9:77–83Cho CY, Slinger SJ, Bayley HS (1982) Bioenergetics of salmonid fishes: energy intake, expenditure and productivity. Comp Biochem Physiol 73B:25–41Couto A, Peres H, Oliva-Teles A, Enes P (2016) Screening of nutrient digestibility, glycaemic response and gust morphology alterations in gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata) fed whole cereal meals. Aquaculture 450:31–37Dalmo RA, Bøgwald J (2008) Β-Glucans as conductors of immune symplhonies. Review. Fish Shellfish Immun 25:384–396Flores-Quintana C (2002) Respuestas neuroendocrinas al estrés en peces teleósteos. Rev ictiol 10(1/2):57–78García-Riera MP, Hemre G-I (1996) Effect of adaptation to three different levels of dietary carbohydrates on the incorporation of 14C-glucose in several organs of Atlantic halibut (Hippoglosus hippoglossus). Aquac Res 27:565–571Gatlin DM, Barrows F, Brown P, Dabrowski K, Gaylord TG, Hardy RW, Herman E, Hu G, Krogdahl Å, Nelson R, Overturf K, Rust M, Sealey W, Skonberg D, Souza EJ, Stone D, Wilson R, Wurtele E (2007) Expanding the utilization of sustainable plant products in aquafeeds: a review. Aquac Res 38:551–579Gaylord TG, Barrows FT, Rawles SD, Liu K, Bregitzer P, Hang A, Obert DE, Morris C (2009) Apparent digestibility of nutrients and energy in extruded diets from cultivars of barley and wheat selected for nutritional quality in rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss. Aquac Nutr 15:306–312Ghaedi G, Keyvanshokooh S, Azarm HM, Akhlaghi M (2015) Effects of dietary β-glucan on maternal immunity and fry quality of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Aquaculture 441:78–83Grisdale-Helland B, Helland SJ (1997) Replacemente of protein by fat and carbohydrate in diets for Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) at the end of the freshwater stage. Aquaculture 152:167–180Gu M, Ma H, Mai K, Zhang W, Bai N, Wang X (2011) Effects of dietary β-glucan, mannan oligosaccharide and their combinations on growth performance, immunity and resistance against Vibrio splendidus of sea cucumber, Apostichopus japonicus. Fish Shellfish Immun 31:303–309Hai NV, Fotedar R (2009) Comparison of the effects of the prebiotics (Bio-Mos® and β-1,3-D-glucan) and the customized probiotics (Pseudomonas synxantha and P. aeruginosa) on the culture of juvenile western king prawns (Penaeus latisulcatus kishinouye, 1896). Aquaculture 289:310–316Heidarieh M, Mivaghefi AR, Akbari A, Sheikhzadeh N, Kamyabi-Moghaddam Z, Askari H, Shahbazfar AA (2012) Evaluation of Hilyses™, fermented Saccharomyces cerevisiae, on rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) growth performance, enzymatic activities and gastrointestinal structure. Aquac Nutr 19:343–348. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2095.2012.00973.xHemre G-I (1992) Studies on carbohydrate nutrition in Cod (Gadus morhua). Dr. scientiarum Thesis. Institute of Nutrition, University of Bergen, NorwayHemre G-I, Krogdahl Å (1996) The effect of handling and fish size on the secondary changes in carbohydrate metabolism in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar). Aquac Nutr 2:249–252Hemre G-I, Mommsen TP, Krogdahl Å (2002) Carbohydrates in fish nutrition: effects on growth, glucose metabolism and hepatic enzymes. Aquac Nutr 8:175–194Hixson SM (2014) Fish nutrition and current issues in aquaculture: the balance in providing safe and nutritious seafood, in an environmentally sustainable manner. J Aquac Res Dev 5:234. doi: 10.4172/2155-9546.1000234ISO 8586-1:2001 (2001) Sensory analysis—general guidance for the selection, training and monitoring of assessors—part 1: selected assessors (International Organization for Standardization)ISO 8586-2: 2008 (2008) Sensory analysis—general guidance for the selection, training and monitoring of assessors—part 2: expert sensory assessors (International Organization for Standardization)ISO 8589: 2007 (2007) Sensory analysis—general guidance for the design of test rooms (International Organization for Standardization)Jeney G, Galeotti M, Volpatti D, Anderson DP (1997) Prevention of stress in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) fed diets containing different doses of glucan. Aquaculture 154:1–15Kaplan LA, Pesce AJ (1984) Clinical chemistry: theory, analysis, and correlation. Mosby, St. Louis, pp 1032–1036Krogdahl Å, Sundby A, Olli JJ (2004) Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) and rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) digest and metabolize nutrients differently. Effects of water salinity and dietary starch level. Aquaculture 229:335–360Krogdahl Å, Hemre GI, Mommsen TP (2005) Carbohydrates in fish nutrition: digestion and absorption in postlarval stages. Aquac Nutr 11:103–122Kumar V, Sinha AK, Makkar HPS, De Boeck G, Becker K (2012) Phytate and phytase in fish nutrition. Review article. J Anim Physiol An N 96:335–364Lakshmanan PT (2000) Fish spoilage and quality assessment. In: Lyre TSG, Kandoran MK, Thomas M, Mathew PT (eds) Quality assurance in seafood processing. Society Fisher Techno (India), Cochin, pp 26–40Lazaridou A, Biliaderis CG (2007) Molecular aspects of cereal β-glucan functionality: physical properties, technological applications and physiological effects. J Cereal Sci 46:101–118Lin S, Pan Y, Luo L, Luo L (2011) Effects of dietary β-1,3-glucan, chitosan or raffinose on the growth, innate immunity and resistance of loi (Cyprinus carpio koi). Fish Shellfish Immun 31:788–794Lokesh J, Fernandes JMO, Korsnes K, Bergh Ø, Brinchmann MF (2012) Transcriptional regulation of cytokines in the intestine of Atlantic cod fed yeast derived mannan oligosaccharide or β-glucan and challenged with Vibrio anguillarum. Fish Shellfish Immun 33:626–631MAGRAMA. Ministerio de Agricultura, Alimentación y Medio Ambiente (2015) Gobierno de España. Available at: http://www.mapama.gob.es/es/pesca/temas/acuicultura/produccion-de-acuicultura/default.aspxMartinsdóttir E, Sveinsdóttir K, Luten J, Schelvis-Smit R, Hyldig G (2001) La evaluación sensorial de la frescura del pescado. Manual de referencia para el sector pesquero. Icelandic Fisheries Laboratories. Available at: QIM Eurofish. URL http://qim-eurofish.comMeena DK, Das P, Kumar S, Mandal SC, Prusty AK, Singh SK, Akhtar MS, Behera BK, Kumar K, Pal AK, Mukherjee SC (2013) Beta-glucan: an ideal immunostimulant in aquaculture. Fish Physiol Biochem 39:431–457Mommsen TP, Vijayan MM, Moon TW (1999) Cortisol in teleosts: dynamics, mechanisms of action and metabolic regulation. Rev Fish Biol Fisher 9:211–268Morken T, Kraugerud OF, Barrows FT, Sørensen M, Storebakken T, Øverland M (2011) Sodium diformate and extrusion temperature affect nutrient digestibility and physical quality of diets with fish meal and barley protein concentrate for rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Aquaculture 317:138–145Ortiz J, Lemus-Mondaca R, Vega-Gálvez A, Ah-hen K, Puente-Díaz L, Zura-Bravo L, Aubourg S (2013) Influence of air-drying temperature on drying kinetics, colour, firmness and biochemical characteristics of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.) fillets. Food Chem 139:162–169Overturf K, Raboy V, Cheng ZJ, Hardy RW (2003) Mineral availability from barley low phytic acid grains in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) diets. Aquac Nutr 9:239–246Popelka M, Marcinčák S, Maskal’ová I, Guothová L, Čertík M (2014) Comparison of the chemical composition and nutritional values of fresh and frozen rainbow trout. Slov Vet Res 51(2):73–80Pratoomyot J, Bendiksen EÅ, Bell JG, Tocher DR (2010) Effects of increasing replacement of dietary fishmeal with plant protein sources on growth performance and body lipid composition of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.). Aquaculture 305:124–132Sealey WM, Barrows FT, Hang A, Johansen KA, Overturf K, LaPatra SE, Hardy RW (2008) Evaluation of the ability of barley genotypes containing different amounts of β-glucan to alter growth and disease resistance of rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss. 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Aquaculture 446:132–139Vyncke W (1975) Evaluation of the direct thiobarbituric acid extraction method for determining oxidative rancidity in mackerel (Scomber scombrus L.). Fette, Seifen, Anstrichmittel 77(6):239–240Walton MJ (1986) Metabolic effects of feeding a high protein/low carbohydrate diet as compared to a low protein/high carbohydrate diet in rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri). Fish Physiol Biochem 1(1):7–15Xu Y, Liu Y, Zhang C, Li X, Yi S, Li J (2015) Physicochemical responses and quality changes of turbot (Psetta maxima) during refrigerated storage. Int J Food Prop. doi: 10.1080/1094.2912.2015.1022260. In pressYildiz M (2004) The study of fillet quality and the growth performance of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) fed with diets containing different amounts of vitamin E. Turk J Fish Aquat Sc 4:81–8

The molar extinction coefficient of bacteriochlorophyll e and the pigment stoichiometry in Chlorobium phaeobacteroides

We have determined the molar extinction coefficient of bacteriochlorophyll (BChl) e, the main light-harvesting pigment from brown-coloured photosynthetic sulfur bacteria. The extinction coefficient was determined using pure[Pr,E]BChl eF isolated by reversed-phase HPLC from crude pigment extracts of Chlorobium (Chl.) phaeobacteroides strain CL1401. The extinction coefficients at the Soret and Qy bands were determined in four organic solvents. The extinction coefficient of BChl e differs from those of other related Chlorobium chlorophylls (BChl c and BChl d) but is similar to that of chlorophyll b. The determined extinction coefficient was used to calculate the stoichiometric BChl e to BChl a and BChl e to carotenoids ratios in whole cells and isolated chlorosomes from Chl. phaeobacteroides strain CL1401 using the spectrum-reconstruction method (SRCM) described by Naqvi et al. (1997) (Spectrochim Acta A Mol Biomol Spectrosc 53: 2229–2234). In isolated chlorosomes, BChl a content was ca. 1% of the total BChl content and the stoichiometric ratio of BChl e to carotenoids was 6. In whole cells,however, BChl a content was 3–4%, owing to the presence of BChl a-containing elements, i.e. FMO protein and reaction centre. An average of 5 BChl e molecules per carotenoid was determined in whole cells.EU(Contract No FMRX–CT96–0081). Ministerio de Educación y Ciencia (Ref. BIO96–1229–002–01)Peer reviewe

The Association between a MAOB Variable Number Tandem Repeat Polymorphism and Cocaine and Opiate Addictions in Polyconsumers

Genetic analysis of the association between alcohol, cocaine, and opiate addiction and variable number tandem repeat (VNTR) polymorphisms in monoamine oxidase B (MAOB) and serotonergic 5-hydroxytryptamine (serotonin) receptor 1B and 2C (HTR1B 21 and HTR2C) pathway genes was performed in a sample of 302 polyconsumers. Our genetic association analysis revealed a significant association between a 184 base pair (bp) VNTR polymorphism in the MAOB gene and addiction to cocaine and opiates. This work highlights new genetic marker associations in cocaine and opiate polyconsumer addictions. These data help to clarify and quantify the complex role of genetics in addictive disorders, as well as their future contribution to the prevention (genetic counselling), diagnosis (genetic diagnosis of vulnerability), and treatment (pharmacogenomics) of these disorders.This research was funded by Centro Superior de Investigación en Salud Pública (CSISP), Spain (grant number CS2003-05-05); Valencian Reginal Government Department of Health, Spain (grant number T4591000); and Research Foundation of the Hospital Provincial de Castellón (Ref. CAF 15-049 and 21-026)

Methodology for Thermal Behaviour Assessment of Homogeneous Façades in Heritage Buildings

[EN] It is fundamental to study the thermal behaviour in all architectural constructions throughout their useful life, in order to detect early deterioration ensuring durability, in addition to achieving and maintaining the interior comfort with the minimum energy consumption possible. This research has developed a methodology to assess the thermal behaviour of facades in heritage buildings. This paper presents methodology validation and verification (V & V) through a laboratory experiment. Guidelines and conclusions are extracted with the employment of three techniques in this experiment (thermal sensors, thermal imaging camera, and 3D thermal simulation in finite element software). A small portion of a homogeneous facade has been reproduced with indoor and outdoor thermal conditions. A closed chamber was constructed with wood panels and thermal insulation, leaving only one face exposed to the outside conditions, with a heat source inside the chamber that induces a temperature gradient in the wall. With this methodology, it is possible to better understand the thermal behaviour of the facade and to detect possible damage with the calibration and comparison of the results obtained by the experimental and theoretical techniques. This methodology can be extrapolated to the analysis of the thermal behaviour of facades in heritage buildings, usually made up of homogeneous material.Gil Benso, E.; Lerma Elvira, C.; Vercher Sanchis, JM.; Mas Tomas, MDLA. (2017). Methodology for Thermal Behaviour Assessment of Homogeneous Façades in Heritage Buildings. Journal of Sensors. 1-13. doi:10.1155/2017/3280691S11

Structural Flexural Bending Assessment of Prestressed Concrete Joist with Corrosion

[EN] The number of situations where it is necessary to intervene in existing structures is increasing. In Spain, rehabilitation and maintenance of buildings accounts for 30% of the activity of the construction sector and it is growing. This paper evaluates the residual safety of T prestressed joists with severe corrosion at the lower reinforcement. The reliability is assessed with the application of the ACI-318 load test. It is demonstrated that there is sufficient safety in cases of corroded prestressed joists. At any rate, it¿s recommended to make a light repair under the damaged joists.Vercher Sanchis, JM.; Gil Benso, E.; Mas Tomas, MDLA.; Lerma Elvira, C. (2013). Structural Flexural Bending Assessment of Prestressed Concrete Joist with Corrosion. Advanced Materials Research. 790-793. doi:10.4028/www.scientific.net/AMR.671-674.790S790793Concrete Spanish Group (GEHO): Survey pathology of concrete structures, edited by GEHO Bulletin Vol 10, Madrid (1992).A.F. Barbosa and G.O. Ribeiro: Analysis of reinforced concrete structures using Ansys nonlinear concrete model. Computational Mechanics Vol. 1 n. 8 (1998), pp.1-7.P. Fanning: Nonlinear models of reinforced and post-tensioned concrete beams. Electronic Journal of Structural Engineering Vol. 2 (2001), pp.111-119.D. Coronelli and P. Gambarova: Structural assessment of corroded reinforced concrete beams: modeling guidelines. Journal of Structural Engineering Vol. 130 n. 8 (2004), pp.1214-1224.J. Vercher: Safety residual forged in severe corrosion. PhD. Department of Architectural Constructions. Polytechnic University of Valencia (2013).T. Tavio and A. Tata: Predicting nonlinear behavior and stress-strain relationship of rectangular confined reinforced concrete columns with Ansys. Civil Engineering Dimension Vol. 11 (2009).American Concrete Institute (ACI): Building Code Requeriments for Structural Concrete (ACI 318-08) and Commentary. Strength Evaluation of Existing Structures. Michigan, USA (2008).Prevalesa SL: Technical specifications - as EHE-08 - the slab of prestressed beams DITECO T12 model. Valencia, Spain (2008).Ministry of Housing: Technical Building Code (CTE), edited by Gazette, Madrid (2006)

Configurations in the hotel sector based on competitive priorities and their relationship with size, category and organizational performance

En el sector turístico y en concreto en el sector hotelero, no hay trabajos que definan una taxonomía de las estrategias de operaciones basadas en el énfasis de las prioridades competitivas (coste, calidad, servicio, flexibilidad y medio ambiente). Por ello este trabajo trata de definir una taxonomía de las diferentes estrategias de operaciones en el sector hotelero. Una vez identificadas las diferentes configuraciones, se establece si existen diferencias significativas entre los grupos de hoteles con respecto al resultado organizativo, considerado desde su doble vertiente: financiera y no financiera. Por otra parte, se analiza si la categoría hotelera puede determinar el tipo de configuración hotelera. Se ha analizado una muestra representativa de hoteles (65 hoteles) de Gran Canaria por ser unos de los principales destinos para los turistas europeos. Los resultados indican que existen tres grupos diferenciados de hoteles en función de las prioridades competitivas. Un primer grupo que enfatiza las prioridades competitivas relacionadas con el coste y la flexibilidad, un segundo grupo que enfatiza todas las prioridades competitivas y un tercer grupo que enfatiza los objetivos de operaciones relacionados con la calidad y el servicio. Asimismo, se demuestra que el resultado organizativo es diferente para algunos grupos de hoteles definidos por las prioridades competitivas. Finalmente, se comprueba que las variables contextuales tienen relación con los grupos de hoteles. Así la categoría y el tamaño tienen relación con las prioridades competitivas enfatizadas.In the tourism sector, and particularly in the hotel sector, no studies have defined a taxonomy of operations strategies based on emphasizing competitive priorities (cost, quality, service, flexibility and environment). Therefore, this paper tries to describe a taxonomy of different operations strategies in the hotel sector. After identifying the configurations, the study establishes whether there are significant differences between the hotel groups in their organizational performance, considered from two perspectives: financial and non‑financial. Moreover, we analyze whether the hotel category and size can determine the type of hotel configuration. A representative sample of hotels (65 hotels) in Gran Canaria for being one of the major tourist destinations for European tourists is analyzed. The results indicate that there are three distinct groups of hotels based on competitive priorities. One group emphasizes competitive priorities related to cost and flexibility, a second group emphasizes all the competitive priorities, and a third group emphasizes goals related to quality and service operations. Results also show that the organizational performance is different for some hotel groups defined by competitive priorities. Finally, the findings show that contextual variables are related to groups of hotel, and that category and size are related to the competitive priorities emphasized

Contribution of green roofs to energy savings in building renovations

[EN] Reversing the consequences of climate change and achieving more resilient societies involves reducing CO2 emissions and energy consumption, especially in sectors as important as construction. Green roofs, due to their particularities, imply a series of benefits, among which energy saving stands out. This implies a reduction in the consumption of resources and in CO2 emissions, more evident in the case of the refurbishment of buildings. A comparison is proposed between the energy savings obtained by renovating only the roof and renovating the entire thermal envelope. This is done with three roof construction systems (including two green roofs) and in 6 Spanish cities that represent different climatic zones. The novelties provided by this research are based on the comparison of both renovation cases to obtain the influence of the roof with respect to the thermal improvement of the envelope. The energy savings obtained by renovating the roof are very similar in all cities, but after renovating the entire envelope, the savings increase as the climate gets colder.Determining themost influential variables in these savings, as well as the influence of the roof, allows choosing the most appropriate construction techniques to optimize the energy renovation of existing buildings.Fundingforopenaccesscharge:CRUE-UniversitatPolitècnicadeValència.Garcia-Borràs, J.; Lerma Elvira, C.; Mas Tomas, MDLA.; Vercher Sanchis, J.; Gil Benso, E. (2022). Contribution of green roofs to energy savings in building renovations. Energy for Sustainable Development. 71:212-221. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.esd.2022.09.0202122217