Mitos del amor romántico y autoestima en adolescentes

The myths of romantic love are socially constructed upon irrational beliefs about the nature of love, which stipulates what “true love” is, which the desirable characteristics are in a future partner, the importance of love, future expectations and the type of relationship. The presence of these romantic beliefs favours or maintains gender violence within the couple and constitutes the essence of control-based relationships, which are mainly characterized by lower self-esteem. The purpose of this study is to consider the internalization of the myths of romantic love among a group of adolescents and to analyse their relationship in relation with their self-esteem. To achieve this objective, a sample of 321 participants (52% men and 48% women), amongst 11 and 18 years of age, completed the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Questionnaire and the Romantic Love Myths Scale, by Luzón, Ramos, Recio and De La Peña. The analysis showed significant differences in the internalization of romantic myths according to the gender in favour of man, specifically in the miths of jealousy (Chi2=25,50; p smaller than .001), omnipotence (Chi2=28,96; p smaller than .001), marriage (Chi2=7,60; p=.006), total submission (Chi2=13,80; p=.001) and in the groups of myths “Love is the most importat and requires total delivery” (Chi2=33,80; p smaller than .001), “Love as possession and exclusivity” (Chi2=26,59; p smaller than .001) and “Love can do anything” (Chi2=25,19; p smaller than .001). On the other hand, is observed in the total sample a significant and inverse relationship between self-esteem and the group of myths “Love can do everything” (rho=-.121*) and the myths of omnipotence (rho=-.121*) and exclusivity (rho=-.128*). In view of these results, two conclusions are reached. On the one hand, that men assume more romantic beliefs than woman. On the other hand, that people with lower self-steem have a stronguer internalization of romantic beliefs. Based on these findings, both differences between genders about the internalization of romantic myths and the role of self-esteem should be considered in future interventions.Los mitos del amor romántico son creencias irracionales socialmente construidas sobre la naturaleza del amor, las cuales estipulan qué es el “amor verdadero”, cuáles son las características deseables al seleccionar pareja, la importancia del amor, las expectativas de futuro y el tipo de relación. La presencia de estas creencias románticas favorece o mantiene la violencia de género en la pareja y las relaciones basadas en el control, las cuales se relacionan con una menor autoestima. El objetivo de este estudio es registrar la interiorización de los mitos del amor romántico en un grupo de adolescentes y analizar su relación con la autoestima. Para la consecución de dicho objetivo, una muestra formada por un total de 321 participantes (52% hombres y 48% mujeres) de entre 11 y 18 años de edad, cumplimentó el Cuestionario de Autoestima de Rosenberg y la Escala de Mitos Hacia del Amor Romántico de Luzón, Ramos, Recio y de la Peña (2011). Los análisis mostraron diferencias significativas en la interiorización de mitos románticos en función del género a favor de los hombres, concretamente en los mitos de los celos (Chi2=25,50; p menor que .001), de la omnipotencia (Chi2=28,96; p menor que .001), del matrimonio (Chi2=7,60; p=.006), de la entrega total (Chi2=13,80; p=.001)  y en los grupos de mitos “El amor es lo más importante y requiere entrega total” (Chi2=33,80; p menor que .001), “Amor como posesión y exclusividad” (Chi2=26,59; p menor que .001) y “El amor lo puede todo” (Chi2=25,19; p menor que .001). Por otro lado, se observa en el total de la muestra una relación significativa e inversa entre la autoestima y el grupo de mitos “el amor lo puede todo” (rho=-.121*) y los mitos de la omnipotencia (rho=-.121*) y exclusividad (rho=-.128*). A la vista de dichos resultados se concluye, por un lado, que los hombres asumen más creencias románticas que las mujeres y por otro, que las personas con menor autoestima presentan una mayor interiorización de las creencias románticas. En base a dichas conclusiones, tanto las diferencias entre géneros por lo que respecta a la interiorización de los mitos románticos como el papel de la autoestima deberían ser considerados en futuras intervenciones.

Validación de un instrumento de evaluación del comportamiento sexual de personas con discapacidad intelectual para padres (ECS-PA)

The recent normalization of sexuality and sexual rights among people with Intellectual Disability (ID) has led to an increase in the number of initiatives aimed at improving their knowledge and skills through sexual-affective education programs, but these programs require evaluation instruments reliable to identify their needs and may be sensitive to change after the intervention. In this assessment their perceptions must converge, those of the professionals who deal with them and those of their parents to ensure the veracity of the information obtained, but unfortunately we lack valid and reliable psychometric instruments, both self-reported, because in many cases they lack of verbal skills sufficient to express their desires and experiences, as heteroinformed, since the existing ones are fundamentally focused on the study of attitudes towards sexuality of this group. The objective of this work has been to construct and validate a questionnaire to obtain information from parents about the sexuality of people with mild or moderate ID. The instrument consisting of 32 items with different response formats was administered to 118 parents of adults with ID. The Exploratory Factor Analysis and de Confirmatory Factor Analysis offers a structure composed by 3 factors: (F1) Comprehension of the privacy and social rules (13 items), (F2) perception of knowledge about sexuality that your child has (10 items) and (F3) concern for inappropriate sexual behavior (9 items). The model obtained with these four factors presents a good adjustment as shown by the main indicators (Chi2 S-B/df = 1.14, RMSEA = 0.035, CFI = 0.910 y TLI = 0.902). The ECS-PA is shown as an instrument that allows obtaining valid and reliable information about the sexuality of people with mild or moderate ID.La reciente normalización de la sexualidad y de los derechos sexuales entre las personas conDiscapacidad Intelectual (DI) ha hecho que se incremente el número de iniciativas dirigidas a mejorar sus conocimientos y habilidades mediante programas de educación afectivo-sexual pero dichos programas requieren instrumentos de evaluación fiables que permitan identificar sus necesidades y puedan ser sensibles al cambio tras la intervención. En dicha valoración deben confluir sus percepciones, las de los profesionales que se ocupan de ellos y las de sus padres para asegurar la veracidad de la información obtenida, pero lamentablemente carecemos de instrumentos psicométricos válidos y fiables tanto autoinformados, debido a que en muchos casos carecen de habilidades verbales suficientes para expresar sus deseos y vivencias, como heteroinformados, pues los existentes se centran fundamentalmente en el estudio de las actitudes hacia la sexualidad de este colectivo. El objetivo de este trabajo ha sido construir y validar un cuestionario para obtener información de los padres acerca de la sexualidad de las personas con DI leve o moderada. El instrumento fue administrado a 118 padres de personas adultas con DI. Se realizó un Análisis Factorial Exploratorio  seguido de un Análisis Factorial Confirmatorio que ofreció una estructura compuesta de 3 factores: (F1) Comprensión de la privacidad y normas sociales (13 ítems), (F2) percepción de los conocimientos sobre sexualidad que tiene su hijo/a (10 ítems), y (F3) preocupación por un comportamiento sexual inadecuado (9 ítems). El modelo obtenido con estos tres factores presenta un buen ajuste como muestran los principales indicadores (Chi2 S-B/df = 1,14, RMSEA = 0,035, CFI = 0,910 y TLI = 0,902). El ECS-PA se muestra como un instrumento que permite obtener información válida y fiable sobre la sexualidad de las personas con DI leve o moderada.

Sexual Relationships in Hispanic Countries: a Literature Review

This is a pre-print of an article published in Current Sexual Health Reports. The final authenticated version is available online at: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11930-020-00272-6Purpose of Review: Sexuality is a complex dimension for which culture seems to play an important role, particularly in countries that are more traditional. This review summarizes the knowledge about sexual relationships in Hispanic countries, considering sexual debut, attitudes, behaviors, and satisfaction. Recent Findings: In line with the literature reviewed, the sexual double standard seems to be continuing to influence sexual relationships. Some countries show more open expressions of sexuality based on the level of gender inequality or sexualized context, and within countries, variables such as religious commitment, family characteristics, and access to resources may play important roles in sexuality. Summary: Future research, policies, and interventions should consider these specific characteristics, including these forms of expression of sexuality, in the adjustment of cross-cultural and cross-national strategies

Occurrence and Clinical Characteristics of Compulsive Sexual Behavior Disorder (CSBD): A Cluster Analysis in Two Independent Community Samples

Background and aims Compulsive Sexual Behavior Disorder (CSBD) is characterized by a persistent failure to control intense and recurrent sexual impulses, urges, and/or thoughts, resulting in repetitive sexual behavior that causes a marked impairment in important areas of functioning. Despite its recent inclusion in the forthcoming ICD-11, concerns regarding its assessment, diagnosis, prevalence or clinical characteristics remain. The purpose of this study was to identify participants displaying CSBD through a novel data-driven approach in two independent samples and outline their sociodemographic, sexual, and clinical profile. Methods Sample 1 included 1,581 university students (females = 56.9%; Mage = 20.58) whereas sample 2 comprised 1,318 community members (females = 43.6%; Mage = 32.37). First, we developed a new composite index to assess the whole range of CSBD symptoms based on three previously validated scales. Based on this new composite index, we subsequently identified individuals with CSBD through a cluster analytic approach. Results The estimated occurrence of CSBD was 10.12% in sample 1 and 7.81% in sample 2. Participants with CSBD were mostly heterosexual males, younger than respondents without CSBD, reported higher levels of sexual sensation seeking and erotophilia, an increased offline and especially online sexual activity, more depressive and anxious symptoms, and poorer self-esteem. Conclusions This research provides further evidence on the occurrence of CSBD based on an alternative data-driven approach, as well as a detailed and nuanced description of the sociodemographic, sexual, and clinical profile of adults with this condition. Clinical implications derived from these findings are discussed in detail

Mapping French People’s Views Regarding Sexual Assistance to People with Physical Disabilities

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