Hongos Micorrícicos Arbusculares y su potencial uso como Agentes Biorremediadores en suelos con elevado contenido de metales pesados

Hongos Micorrícicos Arbusculares y su potencial uso como Agentes Biorremediadores en suelos con elevado contenido de metales pesadosFil: Gómez, Elena. Universidad Nacional de Rosario. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias; Argentin

Fungal endophytes in species of paspalum and bromus, occurrence and in vitro antagonistic activity assessment

The aims of this work were to study the occurrence of fungiassociated to Paspalum dilatatum, P. notatum, Bromus biebersteiniiand B. catharticus and to evaluate their potential as antagonisticagents against fungal pathogens. The genera Acremonium, Alternaria,Aspergillus, Curvularia, Fusarium, Penicillium and Stemphylium werethe most representative isolated fungi. The isolates of the genusAcremonium showed antagonistic activity against different putativepathogenic species tested in dual cultures. The results suggest that theinteractions and mechanisms of antagonism of the same strain varyaccording to the putative pathogenic strains to which they are facedto. The results encourage further studies to elucidate if the strainsisolated in this study are good candidates for biological control of latentpathogens in pastures. To accomplish this, future studies focused onthe analysis of the secondary metabolites produced by the antagonistsin the culture medium, as well as assays in planta will be conducted.Fil: García Lemos, Adriana. Universidad Nacional de Rosario. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias; ArgentinaFil: Gil Cardeza, Maria Lourdes. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Rosario. Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencias Agrarias de Rosario. Universidad Nacional de Rosario. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias. Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencias Agrarias de Rosario; ArgentinaFil: Gomez, Elena del Valle. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Rosario. Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencias Agrarias de Rosario. Universidad Nacional de Rosario. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias. Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencias Agrarias de Rosario; ArgentinaFil: Felitti, Silvina Andrea. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Rosario. Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencias Agrarias de Rosario. Universidad Nacional de Rosario. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias. Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencias Agrarias de Rosario; Argentin

Impact of increasing chromium (VI) concentrations on growth, phosphorus and chromium uptake of maize plants associated to the mycorrhizal fungus Rhizophagus irregularis MUCL 41833

Arbuscular mycorhizal fungi (AMF) associated to plants may represent a promising phyto-remediation avenue due to the widely documented role of these fungi in alleviation of numerous abiotic (e.g. heavy metals) stresses. In the present work, it was the objective to study the dynamics of inorganic phosphorus (Pi) and chromium(VI) (Cr(VI)) and total Cr uptake by the plant-AMF associates Zea mays þ R. irregularis MUCL 41833, under increasing (i.e. 0, 0.1, 1 and 10 mg L1 ) concentrations of Cr(VI). The plant-AMF associates were grown in a circulatory semihydroponic cultivation system under greenhouse conditions. We demonstrated that Cr(VI) had an hormesis effect on root colonization of maize. Indeed, at 0.1 and 1 mg L1 Cr(VI), root colonization was increased by approximately 55% as compared to the control (i.e. in absence of Cr(VI) in the solution), while no difference was noticed at 10 mg L1 Cr(VI) (P 0.05). However, this did not result in an increased uptake of Pi by the AMFcolonized plants in presence of 0.1 mg L1 Cr(VI) as compared to the AMF control in absence of Cr(VI) (P 0.05). Conversely, the presence of 1 mg L1 Cr(VI) stimulated the Pi uptake by non-mycorrhizal plants, which absorbed 17% more Pi than their mycorrhizal counterparts (P 0.05). In addition, the non-mycorrhizal plants absorbed, in average, 8% more Cr(VI) than the mycorrhizal plants. Overall, our results prompt the hypothesis that in presence of AMF, the regulation of uptake of Cr(VI) and Pi by plant roots is done mostly by the fungus rather than the root cells. This regulated uptake of roots associated to AMF would indicate that the symbiosis could benefit the plants by providing a stable Pi uptake in a Cr(VI) polluted environment.Fil: Gil Cardeza, Maria Lourdes. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Rosario. Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencias Agrarias de Rosario. Universidad Nacional de Rosario. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias. Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencias Agrarias de Rosario; ArgentinaFil: Declerck, Stéphane. Université Catholique de Louvain; BélgicaFil: Calonne Salmon, Maryline. Université Catholique de Louvain; Bélgic

Taxonomical and functional analysis of four arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi populations obtained from a Ricinus communis rhizospheric Cr(VI) polluted soil

In a global context of climate change and loss of biodiversity, phytoremediation appears as a viable strategy to recover polluted soil. Phytoremediation is defined as a strategy to recover polluted soils by means of plants and the associated microorganisms. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) are one of the most widespread soil microorganisms, they live in symbiosis with 70% of terrestrial plants. In the symbiotic relation, the fungal partner incorporates carbohydrates and lipids facilitated by the plant and the plant incorporates minerals facilitated by the fungal partner. Then, the inclusion of AMF in phytoremediation strategies should become a priority, not only because the presence of AMF will help the plant to adapt to the polluted soil but also because it could enhance the incorporation of carbon to the soil. In addition, the actual context of global biodiversity loss prioritizes the study of local populations in order to promote the incorporation of the local biodiversity to soil management, that includes phytoremediation. In the present work we aimed to taxonomically characterise four AMF populations obtained from Ricinus communis rhizospheric Cr(VI) polluted soil. In addition, we aimed to study the symbiosis and the mineral uptake of some elements, including phosphorus and chromium, in R. communis plants associated with each AMF population and re-exposed to Cr(VI). We found that three AMF populations grouped near Rhizophagus and one near Paraglomus accessions and that the four AMF populations were tolerant to the re-exposure to 8 ppm Cr(VI) substrate concentration. Finally, from the mineral content analysis, our results strongly suggest that Paraglomus sp., a taxon which appeared earlier in the evolution of AMF, was the population that best adapted to the re-exposure of 8 ppm Cr(VI). Thus, we suggest that future phytoremediation studies should include taxa from this early diverged genus.Fil: Sehoane, Evelin Noelia. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Rosario. Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencias Agrarias de Rosario. Universidad Nacional de Rosario. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias. Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencias Agrarias de Rosario; ArgentinaFil: Mogni, Virginia Yanina. Universidad Nacional de Rosario; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Rosario; ArgentinaFil: Pagani, María Ayelén. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Rosario. Centro de Estudios Fotosintéticos y Bioquímicos. Universidad Nacional de Rosario. Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas. Centro de Estudios Fotosintéticos y Bioquímicos; ArgentinaFil: Gil Cardeza, Maria Lourdes. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Rosario. Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencias Agrarias de Rosario. Universidad Nacional de Rosario. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias. Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencias Agrarias de Rosario; Argentin

Suicide gene therapy on spontaneous canine melanoma: correlations between in vivo tumors and their derived multicell spheroids in vitro

To validate the use of multicellular spheroids to predict the efficacy of herpes simplex thymidine kinase/ganciclovir (HSVtk/GCV) suicide gene therapy in the respective in vivo tumors, we established and characterized 15 melanoma-derived cell lines from surgically excised melanoma tumors. Three HSVtk-lipofected cell lines were not sensitive to GCV in any culture configuration, other five displayed similar sensitivity as monolayers or spheroids, and only one resulted more sensitive when grown as spheroids. Other six cell lines manifested a relative multicellular resistance (MCR) phenotype growing as spheroids, compared with the same cells growing as monolayers. The reverse correlation between the MCR and the monolayers survival to HSVtk/GCV suggests that one of the main causes of MCR would be the rapid cell repopulation after suicide gene treatment. The high correlation of MCR with the spheroids radial growth and with the mitotic index of the respective originary tumors supported this re-growth involvement. A remarkable finding was the high correlation in HSVtk/GCV sensitivity between in vivo tumor and the corresponding derived cell lines growing as spheroids (R 2 0.85). This strongly encourages the implementation of spheroids as highly realistic experimental model for optimizing and predicting the in vivo response of the respective tumors to therapeutic strategies.Fil: Gil Cardeza, Maria Lourdes. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Medicina. Instituto de Oncología "Dr. Ángel Roffo". Unidad de Transferencia Genética; ArgentinaFil: Villaverde, Marcela Solange. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Medicina. Instituto de Oncología "Dr. Ángel Roffo". Unidad de Transferencia Genética; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Fiszman, Gabriel Leon. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Medicina. Instituto de Oncología "Dr. Ángel Roffo". Unidad de Transferencia Genética; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Altamirano, Natalia Andrea. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Medicina. Instituto de Oncología "Dr. Ángel Roffo". Unidad de Transferencia Genética; ArgentinaFil: Cwirenbaum, R. A.. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Medicina. Instituto de Oncología "Dr. Ángel Roffo". Unidad de Transferencia Genética; ArgentinaFil: Glikin, Gerardo Claudio. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Medicina. Instituto de Oncología "Dr. Ángel Roffo". Unidad de Transferencia Genética; ArgentinaFil: Finocchiaro, Liliana Maria Elena. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Medicina. Instituto de Oncología "Dr. Ángel Roffo". Unidad de Transferencia Genética; Argentin

Interferon-β gene transfer induces a strong cytotoxic bystander effect on melanoma cells

A local gene therapy scheme for the delivery of type I interferons could be an alternative for the treatment of melanoma. We evaluated the cytotoxic effects of interferon-β (IFNβ) gene lipofection on tumor cell lines derived from three human cutaneous and four canine mucosal melanomas. The cytotoxicity of human IFNβ gene lipofection resulted higher or equivalent to that of the corresponding addition of the recombinant protein (rhIFNβ) to human cells. IFNβ gene lipofection was not cytotoxic for only one canine melanoma cell line. When cultured as monolayers, three human and three canine IFNβ-lipofected melanoma cell lines displayed a remarkable bystander effect. As spheroids, the same six cell lines were sensitive to IFNβ gene transfer, two displaying a significant multicell resistance phenotype.The effects of conditioned IFNβ-lipofected canine melanoma cell culture media suggested the release of at least one soluble thermolabile cytotoxic factor that could not be detected in human melanoma cells. By using a secretion signal-free truncated human IFNβ, we showed that its intracellular expression was enough to induce cytotoxicity in two human melanoma cell lines. The lower cytoplasmatic levels of reactive oxygen species detected after intracellular IFNβ expression could be related to the resistance displayed by one human melanoma cell line. As IFNβ gene transfer was effective against most of the assayed melanomas in a way not limited by relatively low lipofection efficiencies, the clinical potential of this approach is strongly supported.Fil: Rossi, Ursula Amaranta. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Medicina. Instituto de Oncología ; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Gil Cardeza, Maria Lourdes. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Medicina. Instituto de Oncología ; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Villaverde, Marcela Solange. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Medicina. Instituto de Oncología ; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Finocchiaro, Liliana Maria Elena. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Medicina. Instituto de Oncología ; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Glikin, Gerardo Claudio. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Medicina. Instituto de Oncología ; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentin

Cancer immunology and canine malignant melanoma: A comparative review

Oral canine malignant melanoma (CMM) is a spontaneously occurring aggressive tumour with relatively few medical treatment options, which provides a suitable model for the disease in humans. Historically, multiple immunotherapeutic strategies aimed at provoking both innate and adaptive anti-tumour immune responses have been published with varying levels of activity against CMM. Recently, a plasmid DNA vaccine expressing human tyrosinase has been licensed for the adjunct treatment of oral CMM. This article reviews the immunological similarities between CMM and the human counterpart; mechanisms by which tumours evade the immune system; reasons why melanoma is an attractive target for immunotherapy; the premise of whole cell, dendritic cell (DC), viral and DNA vaccination strategies alongside preliminary clinical results in dogs. Current “gold standard” treatments for advanced human malignant melanoma are evolving quickly with remarkable results being achieved following the introduction of immune checkpoint blockade and adoptively transferred cell therapies. The rapidly expanding field of cancer immunology and immunotherapeutics means that rational targeting of this disease in both species should enhance treatment outcomes in veterinary and human clinics

Spheroids as a predictive model to study the tumor response to gene therapy : Study of the effects of the non viral gene transfer of the suicide gene system and the interferon-beta gene on spheroids derived from spontaneous canine melanoma

Los esferoides constituyen un modelo experimental que se asemeja más al comportamiento de los tumores in vivo que sus respectivas monocapas. Por lo tanto su estudio e implementación en el desarrollo de nuevas estrategias terapéuticas para combatir el cáncer es de suma importancia. En el presente estudio demostramos que la respuesta a la transferencia no viral del sistema gen suicida HSVtk/GCV de esferoides formados a partir de líneas celulares derivadas de tumores de melanoma espontáneo canino correlaciona mejor con la respuesta de los pacientes que sus respectivas monocapas. También observamos que la resistencia multicelular (MCR) al sistema HSVtk/GCV presente en los esferoides probablemente se deba a una rápida repoblación de las células resistentes al tratamiento en esta configuración espacial. La gran cantidad de líneas cuyos esferoides resultaron ser sensibles al sistema HSVtk/GCV y/o a la transferencia no viral del gen cIFN-β (80% sobre un total de 15 líneas) y el mantenimiento de la sensibilidad al ser co-transferidos demuestran la gran potencialidad terapéutica de la co-administración de ambos genes. Como alternativa a la electroporación, encontramos una forma menos agresiva de aumentar la penetración intracelular de bleomicina: la lipofección. Encontramos que el sistema lipoplexes/bleomicina es altamente efectivo pues la presencia de los lipoplexes sensibiliza a las células al efecto citotóxico de la bleomicina, posiblemente estimulando el ingreso de la droga a las células mediante un transporte activo.Spheroids are an experimental model in vitro that resembles more accurately the tumor behavior observed in vivo than monolayers. So the study and implementation of spheroids in the development of new therapeutic strategies to fight cancer is very important. At the present study we demonstrated that the response to the non viral gene transfer of the suicide gene system HSVtk/GCV on spheroids derived from spontaneous canine melanoma tumors better correlates to the patient’s response than their monolayers counterparts. We also observed that the multicellular resistance (MCR) to the HSVtk/GCV system when cells are cultured as spheroids is probably due to a rapid re-population of the cells that were resistant to the therapy. The high amount of spheroids which were sensitive to the HSVtk/GCV system and/or to the non viral transfer of the cIFN-β gene (80% over a total of 15) together with the maintenance of the sensitivity when the genes were co-transferred, demonstrates the high therapeutic potentiality of the coadministration of both genes. We then studied the sensitivity to the lipoplexes/bleomycin system. We found that the new therapeutic strategy is highly effective since the lipoplexes sensitizes the cells to the citotoxic effect of bleomycin, presumably by stimulating an active incorporation of the drug inside the cells.Fil:Gil Cardeza, María Lourdes. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales; Argentina

Taxonomical and functional analysis of four arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi populations obtained from a Ricinus communis rhizospheric Cr(VI) polluted soil

In a global context of climate change and loss of biodiversity, phytoremediation appears as a viable strategy to recover polluted soil. Phytoremediation is defined as a strategy to recover polluted soils by means of plants and the associated microorganisms. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) are one of the most widespread soil microorganisms, they live in symbiosis with 70% of terrestrial plants. In the symbiotic relation, the fungal partner incorporates carbohydrates and lipids facilitated by the plant and the plant incorporates minerals facilitated by the fungal partner. Then, the inclusion of AMF in phytoremediation strategies should become a priority, not only because the presence of AMF will help the plant to adapt to the polluted soil but also because it could enhance the incorporation of carbon to the soil. In addition, the actual context of global biodiversity loss prioritizes the study of local populations in order to promote the incorporation of the local biodiversity to soil management, that includes phytoremediation. In the present work we aimed to taxonomically characterise four AMF populations obtained from Ricinus communis rhizospheric Cr(VI) polluted soil. In addition, we aimed to study the symbiosis and the mineral uptake of some elements, including phosphorus and chromium, in R. communis plants associated with each AMF population and re-exposed to Cr(VI). We found that three AMF populations grouped near Rhizophagus and one near Paraglomus accessions and that the four AMF populations were tolerant to the re-exposure to 8 ppm Cr(VI) substrate concentration. Finally, from the mineral content analysis, our results strongly suggest that Paraglomus sp., a taxon which appeared earlier in the evolution of AMF, was the population that best adapted to the re-exposure of 8 ppm Cr(VI). Thus, we suggest that future phytoremediation studies should include taxa from this early diverged genus

Un abordaje sistémico de la vida: Implementación de la agroecología en la Estación experimental de INTA Oliveros, en el periurbano de la localidad de Oliveros

En este capítulo se contará la experiencia de transición agroecológica en la Estación Experimental Agropecuaria del INTA Oliveros (de ahora en más EEA), ubicada en la localidad homónima del sur de Santa Fe, Argentina.La EEA del INTA Oliveros es un enclave inserto en la matriz dominante de la agricultura industrial del sur santafesino. Está ubicada en la localidad de Oliveros, con límites al oeste de corredores biológicos paralelos a la Autopista Rosario-Santa Fe, al este con los barrios que bordean el río Carcarañá, al sur con el casco urbano y al norte con campos vecinos. La superficie que ocupa es de 424 hectáreas, 50 de ellas correspondientes a parque, oficinas y áreas de investigación y las 374 restantes a campo de producción. En la EEA se encuentran dos espacios vinculados a la agroecología: por un lado una Huerta Demostrativa, que pertenece al programa ProHuerta9, con 27 años de historia de una propuesta  pedagógica-productiva y más recientemente, desde 2015, un Módulo Agroecológico de Producción Extensiva. Ambos espacios se constituyen en una referencia significativa para comunidades del sur santafesino, donde se pueden apreciar, a través de las técnicas y estrategias de producción desarrolladas, el sustento, el cuidado y la protección de los bienes comunes como el agua, el suelo y la biodiversidad.Fil: Benedetto, Maria Victoria. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria; ArgentinaFil: Gil Cardeza, Maria Lourdes. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Rosario. Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencias Agrarias de Rosario. Universidad Nacional de Rosario. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias. Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencias Agrarias de Rosario; ArgentinaFil: González, Libertario. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria; ArgentinaFil: Perozzi, Milva Carolina. Universidad Nacional de Rosario. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias; Argentin