65 research outputs found
Comportamiento mecánico de mezclas de escoria vítrea de horno alto y metacaolín activadas alcalinamente: estudio estadístico = Mechanical behaviour of alkali-activated metakaolin blended pastes: statistical study
El estudio y desarrollo de cementos alternativos y más
eco-eficientes que el cemento Portland es un tema de
gran impacto a nivel científico y tecnológico. Entre esos
posibles cementos se encuentran los cementos alcalinos
que son materiales conglomerantes obtenidos por la
interacción química de materiales silico-aluminosos cálci-
cos y disoluciones fuertemente alcalinas. En el presente
trabajo se estudia el comportamiento mecánico y la com-
posición mineralógica de mezclas de escoria vítrea de
horno alto y metacaolín activadas alcalinamente con
disoluciones de NaOH. El objetivo de este estudio es
conocer cómo afectan parámetros tales como la relación
escoria/metacaolín, la concentración de la disolución
activadora y la temperatura de curado, al desarrollo re-
sistente de las mezclas. A través del estudio estadístico
realizado se ha podido establecer la influencia de cada
variable y modelizar el comportamiento resistente de
estos cementos alcalinos. Se concluye que la concentra-
ción del activador y la relación escoria/metacaolín son los
parámetros más relevantes
Comportamiento mecánico de mezclas de escoria vítrea de horno alto y metacaolín activadas alcalinamente. Estudio estadístico.
El proceso de fabricación de cemento Pórtland está asociado a un elevado consumo energético (térmico y eléctrico) y a aspectos medioambientales negativos. La industria cementera es una industria altamente contaminante, debido, en gran medida, a las elevadas cantidades de materias primas necesarias para la fabricación del crudo de cemento (explotación de canteras) y a la emisión a la atmósfera de gases (N2, CO2, O2, H2O, NOx y SO2) y partículas. Algunos de estos gases son causantes del efecto invernadero. El CO2 es el gas con mayor impacto medioambiental; siendo la industria cementera la responsable del 7% de las emisiones antropogénicas globales de CO2 a nivel mundial. Es por ello, que el estudio y desarrollo de cementos alternativos y más eco-eficientes que el cemento Portland, es un tema de gran impacto a nivel científico y tecnológico. Entre esos posibles cementos se encuentran los cementos alcalinos que son materiales conglomerantes obtenidos por la interacción química de materiales silicoaluminosos cálcicos y disoluciones fuertemente alcalinas. Diferentes materiales pueden ser susceptibles de activarse alcalinamente, entre ellos se encuentran las escorias vítreas de horno alto, las cenizas volantes y arcillas térmicamente activadas (Ej. metacaolín). En el presente trabajo de investigación se estudia el comportamiento mecánico de mezclas de escoria vítrea de horno alto y metacaolín activadas alcalinamente con disoluciones de NaOH. El objetivo de este estudio es conocer como afectan parámetros tales como la relación escoria/metacaolín, concentración de la disolución activadora, temperatura y tiempo de curado sobre el desarrollo resistente de las mezclas. A través del estudio estadístico realizado se ha podido establecer la influencia de cada variable y modelizar el comportamiento resistente de estos cementos alcalino
Morteros de escoria activada alcalinamente reforzados con fibra de vidrio AR. Comportamiento y propiedades
In light of the practical problem posed by the high drying shrinkage rate exhibited by alkali-activated slag (AAS),due to these materials exhibited a high drying shrinkage the present study analyzes the behaviour of alkali-activated slag mortars reinforced with alkali-resistant (AR) glass fiber especially designed to reduce drying shrink aging cementitious systems. To this end, both alkali-activated slag and reference Portland cement mortars were prepared, with and without AR fiber (in dosages ranging from 0 to 1.1% by weight of the binder). These mortars were subjected to the following tests: drying shrinkage,mechanical strength after 2, 7 and 28 days, toughness,and high temperature. The microstructure of the materials was also studied by SEM/EDX techniques. At a percentage of 0.22%, AR fiber was found to induce a significant reduction (over 20%) in drying shrinkage, without detracting from the fine resistance strength, of alkali activated slag mortar. Moreover, plain activated slag mortars recovered 20% of their initial mechanical strength after exposure to high temperatures, and ins specimens reinforced with glass fiber at a rate of 0.22%,recovery climbed to 50%.El principal problema tecnológico de los cementos de escoria activada alcalinamente (AAS) es su elevada retracción al secado. Por ello, en el presente trabajo se estudia el comportamiento de morteros de escoria activada alcalinamente reforzados con fibras de vidrio alcali-resistentes (AR), especialmente diseñadas para reducir la retracción al secado en sistema cementantes. Para ello se prepararon morteros de escoria activada alcalinamente y de cemento Portland como material de referencia. El porcentaje de fibra AR en los morteros varió entre 0-1,1% en peso de ligante. Los morteros preparados fueron sometidos a los siguientes ensayos:retracción al secado, resistencias mecánicas a 2, 7 y 28 días,ensayos de tenacidad, resistencia al impacto y comportamiento resistente frente a altas temperaturas. También se realizó un examen microestructural de los materiales a través de SEM/EDX. Se concluye que el porcentaje de 0,22%de fibra induce una reducción significativa (más de un 20%)en la retracción al secado de los morteros de escoria activada,sin que se produzcan modificaciones negativas en el comportamiento resistente. Los morteros de escoria activada alcalinamente recuperan el 20% de sus resistencias mecánicas iniciales, mientras que dicha recuperación es del 50% cuando se incorpora un 0,22% de fibras de vidrio
Is nonperturbative inflatino production during preheating a real threat to cosmology?
We discuss toy models where supersymmetry is broken due to non-vanishing
time-varying vacuum expectation value of the inflaton field during preheating.
We discuss the production of inflatino the superpartner of inflaton due to
vacuum fluctuations and then we argue that they do not survive until
nucleosynthesis and decay along with the inflaton to produce a thermal bath
after preheating. Thus the only relevant remnant is the helicity \pm 3/2
gravitinos which can genuinely cause problem to nucleosynthesis.Comment: 10 pages, Updates to match the accepted version in Phys. Rev.
Leptogenesis in a Realistic Supersymmetric Model of Inflation with a Low Reheat Temperature
We discuss leptogenesis in a realistic supersymmetric model of inflation with
a low reheat temperature 1-10 GeV. The lepton asymmetry is generated by a
decaying right handed sneutrino, which is produced after inflation during
preheating. The inflationary model is based on a simple variant of the
Next-to-Minimal Supersymmetric Standard model (NMSSM) which solves the \mu
problem, called \phiNMSSM, where the additional singlet \phi plays the role of
the inflaton in hybrid (or inverted hybrid) type models. The model is invariant
under an approximate Peccei-Quinn symmetry which also solves the strong CP
problem, and leads to an invisible axion with interesting cosmological
consequences. We show how the baryon number of the universe and the nature of
cold dark matter are determined by the same parameters controlling the strong
CP problem, the \mu problem and the neutrino masses and mixing angles.Comment: 17 page, latex, 1 eps fi
Lifestyle and comorbid conditions as risk factors for community-acquired pneumonia in outpatient adults (NEUMO-ES-RISK project)
Introduction: Information about community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) risk in primary care is limited. We assess different lifestyle and comorbid conditions as risk factors (RF) for CAP in adults in primary care. Methods: A retrospective-observational-controlled study was designed. Adult CAP cases diagnosed at primary care in Spain between 2009 and 2013 were retrieved using the National Surveillance System of Primary Care Data (BiFAP). Age-matched and sex-matched controls were selected by incidence density sampling (ratio 2:1). Associations are presented as percentages and OR. Binomial regression models were constructed to avoid bias effects. Results: 51 139 patients and 102 372 controls were compared. Mean age (SD) was 61.4 (19.9) years. RF more significantly linked to CAP were: HIV (OR [95% CI]: 5.21 [4.35 to 6.27]), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) (2.97 [2.84 to 3.12]), asthma (2.16 [2.07,2.26]), smoking (1.96 [1.91 to 2.02]) and poor dental hygiene (1.45 [1.41 to 1.49]). Average prevalence of any RF was 82.2% in cases and 69.2% in controls (2.05 [2.00 to 2.10]). CAP rate increased with the accumulation of RF and age: risk associated with 1RF was 1.42 (1.37 to 1.47) in 18-60-year-old individuals vs 1.57 (1.49 to 1.66) in >60 years of age, with 2RF 1.88 (1.80 to 1.97) vs 2.35 (2.23, 2.48) and with >/= 3 RF 3.11 (2.95, 3.30) vs 4.34 (4.13 to 4.57). Discussion: Prevalence of RF in adult CAP in primary care is high. Main RFs associated are HIV, COPD, asthma, smoking and poor dental hygiene. Our risk stacking results could help clinicians identify patients at higher risk of pneumonia
Biochemical biomarkers for multiple sclerosis
Introduction: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is the most frequent demyelinating disease of the central nervous system.
Although there is currently no definite cure for MS, new therapies have recently been developed based on a
continuous search for new biomarkers.
Development: MS diagnosis relies on the integration of clinical, imaging and laboratory findings as there is still no
single pathognomonic clinical feature or diagnostic laboratory biomarker. The most commonly laboratory test
used is the presence of immunoglobulin G oligoclonal bands (OCB) in cerebrospinal fluid of MS patients. This test
is now included in the 2017 McDonald criteria as a biomarker of dissemination in time. Nevertheless, there are
other biomarkers currently in use such as kappa free light chain, which has shown higher sensitivity and
specificity for MS diagnosis than OCB. In addition, other potential laboratory tests involved in neuronal damage,
demyelination and/or inflammation could be used for detecting MS.
Conclusions: CSF and serum biomarkers have been reviewed for their use in MS diagnosis and prognosis to
stablish an accurate and prompt MS diagnosis, crucial to implement an adequate treatment and to optimize
clinical outcomes over time
Dynamics of coupled bosonic systems with applications to preheating
Coupled, multi-field models of inflation can provide several attractive
features unavailable in the case of a single inflaton field. These models have
a rich dynamical structure resulting from the interaction of the fields and
their associated fluctuations. We present a formalism to study the
nonequilibrium dynamics of coupled scalar fields. This formalism solves the
problem of renormalizing interacting models in a transparent way using
dimensional regularization. The evolution is generated by a renormalized
effective Lagrangian which incorporates the dynamics of the mean fields and
their associated fluctuations at one-loop order. We apply our method to two
problems of physical interest: (i) a simple two-field model which exemplifies
applications to reheating in inflation, and (ii) a supersymmetric hybrid
inflation model. This second case is interesting because inflation terminates
via a smooth phase transition which gives rise to a spinodal instability in one
of the fields. We study the evolution of the zero mode of the fields and the
energy density transfer to the fluctuations from the mean fields. We conclude
that back reaction effects can be significant over a wide parameter range. In
particular for the supersymmetric hybrid model we find that particle production
can be suppressed due to these effects.Comment: 23 pages, 16 eps-figures, minor changes in the text, references
added, accepted for publication in PR
Sleptogenesis
We propose that the observed baryon asymmetry of the Universe can naturally
arise from a net asymmetry generated in the sleptonic sector at fairly low
reheat temperatures. The best candidate is indeed the right-handed sneutrino.
The initial asymmetry in the sneutrino sector can be produced from the decay of
the inflaton, and is subsequently transferred into the Standard Model (s)lepton
doublet via the decay of the sneutrino. The active sphalerons then reprocess
the leptonic asymmetry into the baryonic asymmetry. The marked feature of this
scenario is that the lepton asymmetry is decoupled from the neutrino Yukawa
sector. We exhibit that our scenario can be embedded within models which seek
the origin of a tiny mass for neutrinos.Comment: 7 revtex pages, 2 figures (uses axodraw). Minor changes for better
clarification and updated references. Final version to appear in Phys. Rev.
Non-thermal leptogenesis with almost degenerate superheavy neutrinos
We present a model with minimal assumptions for non-thermal leptogenesis with
almost degenerate superheavy right-handed neutrinos in a supersymmetric set up.
In this scenario a gauge singlet inflaton is directly coupled to the
right-handed (s)neutrinos with a mass heavier than the inflaton mass. This
helps avoiding potential problems which can naturally arise otherwise. The
inflaton decay to the Standard Model leptons and Higgs, via off-shell
right-handed (s)neutrinos, reheats the Universe. The same channel is also
responsible for generating the lepton asymmetry, thus requiring no stage of
preheating in order to excite superheavy (s)neutrinos. The suppressed decay
rate of the inflaton naturally leads to a sufficiently low reheat temperature,
which in addition, prevents any wash out of the yielded asymmetry. We will
particularly elaborate on important differences from leptogenesis with on-shell
(s)neutrinos. It is shown that for nearly degenerate neutrinos a successful
leptogenesis can be accommodated for a variety of inflationary models with a
rather wide ranging inflationary scale.Comment: 10 revtex pages, 2 figure (uses axodraw). The derivation of the
asymmetry parameter for the general case and one figure added. Final version
to appear in Phys. Rev.
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