Intergenerational social mobility in Spain between 1956 and 2011: the role of educational expansion and economic modernisation in a late industrialised country

This article explores intergenerational class mobility patterns and the role played by education in Spain usingcounterfactuals. Both men and women born from 1926 to 1981 are analysed, meaning the study covers a periodof profound economic and educational advances in a late-industrialised country. The results suggest that, amongthe cohorts born in the 1970s, men have experienced a slight increase in socialfluidity, while women haveexperienced a substantial increase that seems partially driven by their massively increased access to routine non-manual positions independent of their social origins. Inequality of educational opportunities and class returns toeducation have declined, whereas the direct effect of social origins (DESO) has remained constant for men andhas decreased considerably for women. The counterfactual analysis shows that the slight increase in socialfluidity for men is mainly driven by educational expansion. For women, theDESOand educational expansionaccount for a great share of increasingfluidity. Therefore, certain assumptions made by theModernization TheoryandGoldthorpe’s Theory of Social Mobilitycan be put into questio

Fluidez social y política: hacia un diálogonecesario

Background of INCASI Project H2020-MSCA-RISE-2015 GA 691004. WP1: CompilationLa relació de la mobilitat social amb la política és d'una naturalesa enormement complexa. En aquest article, tractarem de llançar una mica de llum sobre aquesta confusa relació. En primer lloc, ens centrem en la mobilitat absoluta. Especifiquem quins són els factors (polítics i no polítics) que impulsen la mobilitat social ascendent. Distingim dues transicions: el pas d'una societat agrícola a una societat industrial i d'aquesta a una societat postindustrial. El cas amb el il·lustrarem serà l'espanyol. En segon lloc, ens dedicarem a la mobilitat relativa (terme proper a la igualtat d'oportunitats). Indiquem mesures polítiques considerades beneficioses en tres dels àmbits que configuren l'estructura d'oportunitats en les societats avançades: família, estat i mercat

Fluidez social y política : hacia un diálogo necesario

Background of INCASI Project H2020-MSCA-RISE-2015 GA 691004. WP1: CompilationLa relació de la mobilitat social amb la política és d'una naturalesa enormement complexa. En aquest article, tractarem de llançar una mica de llum sobre aquesta confusa relació. En primer lloc, ens centrem en la mobilitat absoluta. Especifiquem quins són els factors (polítics i no polítics) que impulsen la mobilitat social ascendent. Distingim dues transicions: el pas d'una societat agrícola a una societat industrial i d'aquesta a una societat postindustrial. El cas amb el il·lustrarem serà l'espanyol. En segon lloc, ens dedicarem a la mobilitat relativa (terme proper a la igualtat d'oportunitats). Indiquem mesures polítiques considerades beneficioses en tres dels àmbits que configuren l'estructura d'oportunitats en les societats avançades: família, estat i mercat

Cracking meritocracy from the starting gate : social inequality in skill formation and school choice

Defence date: 29 October 2020Examining Board: Professor Fabrizio Bernardi (European University Institute); Professor Juho Härkönen (European University Institute); Professor Jonas Radl (Carlos III University / WZB Berlin Social Science Center); Professor Leire Salazar (Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia)In post-industrial societies, a college education is the main channel for upper classes to prevent their children falling down the social ladder, while, for working classes, it is the best bet for upward mobility. Despite attaining post-compulsory education was equalised and a driver of social mobility in the last decades, inequalities by socioeconomic status (SES) in college graduation, the main social lift, remained relatively unchanged. We are only starting to understand the complex interplay between biological and environmental factors explaining why educational inequalities gestate before birth and persist over generations. Besides, further research is needed to unravel why advantaged students are more likely to get ahead in education than equally-skilled, but disadvantaged peers. This thesis bridges interdisciplinary literature to study how parental SES affects educational attainment during childhood in Germany, evaluating the implications for social justice. It contributes to the literature by (1) analysing the consequences of prenatal health shocks on skill formation; (2) examining the effect of cognitive and non-cognitive skills on the transition to secondary education; and (3) assessing SES-heterogeneity in these associations. Drawing from compensatory theories, I demonstrate how negative traits for educational attainment—low birth weight and cognitive ability—are less detrimental for high-SES children from the early stages of the status-attainment process due to mechanisms like parental investments and aspirations, and teachers’ bias in assessments. The German educational system enforces early tracking into academic or vocational pathways from age 10, supposedly according to ability. Thus, the case of Germany represents an institutional starting gate to evaluate equal opportunity, where compensating for negative traits might be difficult. To test compensatory theories, I utilise the Twin Life Study and the National Educational Panel Study applying quasi-causal empirical designs. The findings challenge the liberal conception of merit as the sum of ability plus effort in evaluating equal opportunity

Association between serum copper levels and risk of cardiovascular disease: A nested case-control study in the PREDIMED trial

This research was funded by the official funding agency for biomedical research of the Spanish government, Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), through grants provided to research networks specifically developed for the trial (RTIC G03/140; RTIC RD 06/0045 “PREDIMED”), and JR14/00008, and through Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), and by grants from Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC06/2007), the Fondo de Investigación Sanitaria–Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional (Proyecto de Investigación (PI04-2239, PI05/2584, CP06/00100, PI07/0240, PI07/1138, PI07/0954, PI 07/0473, PI10/01407, PI10/02658, PI11/01647, P11/02505 and PI13/00462), the Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (Recursos y teconologia agroalimentarias (AGL)-2009-13906-C02 and AGL2010-22319-C03 and AGL2013-49083C3-1-R), the Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad-Fondos FEDER-Instituto de Salud Carlos III (UNGR15-CE-3380), the Fundación Mapfre 2010, the Consejería de Salud de la Junta de Andalucía (PI0105/2007), the Public Health Division of the Department of Health of the Autonomous Government of Catalonia, the Generalitat Valenciana (Generalitat Valenciana Ayuda Complementatia GVACOMP) 06109, GVACOMP2010-181, GVACOMP2011-151), Conselleria de Sanitat y AP; Atención Primaria (CS) 2010-AP-111, and CS2011-AP-042), Regional Government of Navarra (P27/2011), and Centre Català de la Nutrició de l'Institut d'Estudis Catalans. Hojiblanca and Patrimonio Communal Olivarero donated extra-virgin olive oil; the California Walnut Commission donated walnuts; Borges donated almonds; La Morella Nuts donated hazelnuts. The authors would like to thank the Universidad de Malaga/ Consorcio de Bibliotecas Universitarias de Andalucía (CBUA) for funding the Open Access fees for the publication. The authors would like to thank the Aula de Dieta Mediterránea y Vida Saludable de la Real Academia de Medicina de Andalucía Oriental, Ceuta y Melilla for its financial support in the analytical determination of copper levels.Background and aim: Certain trace elements have been associated with increased cardiovascular risk. The aim of this study was to evaluate the association between serum copper (S -Cu) levels and the risk of a first event of cardiovascular disease (CVD) in a population of older adults with high cardiovascular risk. Methods and results: We conducted a case-control study nested within the PREDIMED trial. During a median follow-up of 4.8 years, a total of 207 incident cases diagnosed with CVD were matched for sex, age, and intervention group with 436 controls. Personal interviews, reviews of medical records, and validated questionnaires were used to assess known CVD risk factors. Biological serum samples were collected annually. Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry analysis was used to determine S-Cu levels. Adjusted odds ratios were calculated using multivariate conditional logistic regression models. All participants had S-Cu levels within the reference values, 750 mg/L to 1450 mg/L. Among men, but not among women, the mean S-Cu concentration was higher in cases 1014.1 mg/L than in controls 959.3 mg/L; (p = 0.004). In men, the multivariable-adjusted odds ratio for CVD was 2.36 (95% CI 1.07-5.20 for the comparison of the highest vs. the lowest quartile; p for trend = 0.02), in women, it was 0.43 (95% CI 0.11-1.70; p for trend = 0.165). Conclusion: In older Spanish men with high cardiovascular risk, a significant association was observed between high S-Cu levels, but still within the reference values, and an increased risk of a first event of CVD. Our findings suggest a sex difference in CVD risk and S-Cu levels. To confirm this relationship and to analyze the differences observed between men and women, further studies are needed.Spanish government, Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII)Centro de Investigación Biomedica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn) RTIC G03/140, RTIC RD 06/0045, JR14/00008Centro Nacional de Investigaciones CardiovascularesFondo de Investigación Sanitaria-Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional CNIC06/2007Instituto de Salud Carlos III Spanish Government PI04-2239, PI05/2584, CP06/00100, PI07/0240, PI07/1138, PI07/0954, PI 07/0473, PI10/01407, PI10/02658, PI11/01647, P11/02505, PI13/00462,Ministerio de Economia y Competitividad-Fondos FEDER-Instituto de Salud Carlos III 2009-13906-C02, AGL2010-22319-C03, AGL2013-49083C3-1-RFundacion Mapfre UNGR15-CE-3380Consejería de Salud de la Junta de AndalucíaPublic Health Division of the Department of Health of the Autonomous Government of Catalonia PI0105/2007Center for Forestry Research & Experimentation (CIEF)Conselleria de Sanitat y AP 06109, GVACOMP2010-181, GVACOMP2011-151Atención Primaria (CS) 2010-AP-111, CS2011-AP-042onal Government of Navarra 2010-AP-111, CS2011-AP-042Centre Catala de la Nutricio de l'Institut d'Estudis Catalans P27/2011Universidad de Málaga/ Consorcio de Bibliotecas Universitarias de Andalucía (CBUA)Real Academia de Medicina de Andalucía Orienta

HAAP: servicios de hotel en el móvil

HappH es una aplicación hotelera multiplataforma cuyo objetivo es el de facilitar a los clientes de un hotel la petición de servicios que éste ofrece de forma sencilla, rápida e intuitiva, ya que no se requieren conocimientos por parte del cliente para poder disponer de toda su funcionalidad. HappH está compuesta por una aplicación para dispositivos Android diseñada especialmente para el cliente, desde la cual una persona puede solicitar los servicios ofrecidos por el hotel, además de consultar el estado en el que se encuentran los servicios que haya solicitado, anularlos o acceder a información de interés que el hotel haya facilitado. Además, HappH posee una aplicación web donde los clientes podrán realizar las mismas operaciones que desde la aplicación Android, mientras que el personal del hotel podrá consultar todos los servicios que los clientes hayan solicitado, organizarlos y tramitarlos. Tanto la plataforma Android como la web están conectadas, ya que la persona responsable de gestionar la aplicación Android podrá configurarla desde la web, configurando y modificando los servicios que desea ofrecer, el nombre de los mismos, su precio, los empleados que pueden acceder a ella, etcétera

Impacto ambiental de las actividades extractivas en Colombia

Artículo de investigaciónEste artículo de investigación realiza un análisis de la importancia de las actividades extractivas en Colombia y el impacto ambiental que causan las mismas para de este modo realizar una ponderación que permita reflexionar acerca de la importancia del Extractivismo en Colombia manejado con unas prácticas ambientales sostenibles que permitan mitigar el impacto que estas actividades generan en los recursos naturales.32 p.INTRODUCCIÓN 1. ACTIVIDADES EXTRACTIVAS 2. IMPACTO AMBIENTAL DE LAS ACTIVIDADES EXTRACTIVAS 3. .CONTRATO DE CONCESIÓN EN COLOMBIA 4. LICENCIAS AMBIENTALES EN COLOMBIA 5. CONTAMINACIÓN POR MINERÍA EN COLOMBIA. CONCLUSIONES REFERENCIASPregradoAbogad

Wealth inequality and stratification by social classes in 21st-century Europe

Wealth is a central determinant of life chances and intergenerational status persistence in modern societies. Yet, sociologists traditionally overlooked its role in class measurement and inequality, while most economists focused on the elites. This article reconciles sociological and economic perspectives on class analysis by examining the relationship between classes and wealth inequality versus income. Drawing from the Luxembourg Wealth Study (2002-2018) in five European countries, we test whether occupational classes, based on the entire division of labour, keep up with rising economic inequality trends. In contrast to bold claims on class death or decomposition, inequality of outcomes in wealth accumulation is firmly rooted across occupational classes in contemporary capitalism, potentially harming future equal opportunity and social mobility. Still, occupational classes better capture between-group income inequality and stratification than wealth, emphasising the importance of economic resources beyond labour market attachment that spark advances in social class theory and measurement

CALA: Classifying Links Automatically based on their URL

Web page classification refers to the problem of automatically assigning a web page to one or moreclasses after analysing its features. Automated web page classifiers have many applications, and many re- searchers have proposed techniques and tools to perform web page classification. Unfortunately, the ex- isting tools have a number of drawbacks that makes them unappealing for real-world scenarios, namely:they require a previous extensive crawling, they are supervised, they need to download a page beforeclassifying it, or they are site-, language-, or domain-dependent. In this article, we propose CALA, a toolfor URL-based web page classification. The strongest features of our tool are that it does not require aprevious extensive crawling to achieve good classification results, it is unsupervised, it is based exclu- sively on URL features, which means that pages can be classified without downloading them, and it issite-, language-, and domain-independent, which makes it generally applicable. We have validated ourtool with 22 real-world web sites from multiple domains and languages, and our conclusion is that CALAis very effective and efficient in practice.Ministerio de Educación y Ciencia TIN2007-64119Junta de Andalucía P07-TIC-2602Junta de Andalucía P08-TIC-4100Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación TIN2008-04718-EMinisterio de Ciencia e Innovación TIN2010-21744Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación TIN2010-09809-EMinisterio de Ciencia e Innovación TIN2010-10811-EMinisterio de Ciencia e Innovación TIN2010-09988-EMinisterio de Economía y Competitividad TIN2011-15497-EMinisterio de Economía y Competitividad TIN2013-40848-