La estructura social como factor clave para el desarrollo de destinos turísticos rurales. Caso de estudio: el Valle de Ricote (Murcia)

En las dos últimas décadas, las áreas rurales han recibido una elevada financiación para invertir en el sector turístico. Las inversiones se han destinado, en muchos casos, a satisfacer los intereses de municipios concretos sin delimitar correctamente los destinos turísticos y sin desarrollar un plan global capaz de crear un destino turístico integrado y competitivo. En este trabajo se analiza, a través del destino turístico Valle de Ricote, cómo el perfeccionamiento de la estructura social de las comunidades residentes (residentes, empresarios, políticos y agentes turísticos) y de sus mecanismos de comunicación, cooperación y consenso, es el factor fundamental y prioritario para el éxito de un programa de desarrollo rural. A partir de la creación de una base social sólida, se propone un orden de prioridad de indicadores cuyo cumplimiento sucesivo asegura el éxito de un desarrollo turístico

Impaired Antioxidant Defence Status Is Associated With Metabolic-Inflammatory Risk Factors in Preterm Children With Extrauterine Growth Restriction: The BIORICA Cohort Study

This study was funded by the Plan Nacional de Investigacion Cientifica, Desarrollo e Innovacion Tecnologica (Ithorn DthornI), Instituto de Salud Carlos III-Fondo de Investigacion Sanitaria Project No. PI13/01245 from the Spanish Ministry of Health and Consumer Affairs and co-financed by the Consejeria de Innovacion y Ciencia, Junta de Andalucia, PI-0480-2012, Spain. AG was funded by the Research Plan of the ViceRectorate of Research and Transfer of the University of Granada, Spain. This paper will be included in MO-D's doctorate under the Biomedicine Program at the University of Cordoba, Spain. The funding bodies did not partake in the design, collection, analyses, or interpretation of the data or in writing the manuscript. Maternal-Infant and Developmental Health Network (SAMID), RETICS Carlos III Health Institute (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain (Red SAMID RD12/0026/0015).Introduction: An impaired antioxidant status has been described during foetal growth restriction (FGR). Similarly, the antioxidant defence system can be compromised in preterm children with extrauterine growth restriction (EUGR). The aim of this prospective study was to evaluate the antioxidant status in prepubertal children with a history of prematurity without FGR, with and without EUGR, compared to a healthy group.Methods: In total, 211 children were recruited and classified into three groups: 38 with a history of prematurity and EUGR; 50 with a history of prematurity and adequate extrauterine growth (AEUG); and 123 control children born at term. Catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and glutathione reductase (GR) activities were assessed in lysed erythrocytes with spectrophotometric methods. Plasma levels of the antioxidants alpha-tocopherol, retinol and beta-carotene were determined through solvent extraction and ultra-high-pressure liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry.Results: Children with the antecedent of EUGR and prematurity had lower CAT activity than the other two groups and lower GPx activity than the control children. Lower SOD, GPx and GR activities were observed in the AEUG group compared to the controls. However, higher concentrations of alpha-tocopherol and beta-carotene were found in the EUGR group compared to the other groups; retinol levels were also higher in EUGR than in AEUG children. In EUGR and AEUG children, enzymatic antioxidant activities and plasma antioxidants were associated with metabolic syndrome components and pro-inflammatory biomarkers.Conclusions: This study reveals, for the first time, that the EUGR condition and prematurity appear to be linked to an impairment of the antioxidant defence status, which might condition an increased risk of adverse metabolic outcomes later in life.Plan Nacional de Investigacion Cientifica, Desarrollo e Innovacion TecnologicaInstituto de Salud Carlos III-Fondo de Investigacion Sanitaria Project Spanish Ministry of Health andConsumer Affairs PI13/01245Junta de Andalucia PI-0480-2012Research Plan of the ViceRectorate of Research and Transfer of the University of Granada, SpainBiomedicine Program at the University of Cordoba, SpainMaternal-Infant and Developmental Health Network (SAMID)RETICS Carlos III Health Institute (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain Red SAMID RD12/0026/001

Coupled-column liquid chromatography method with photochemically induced derivatization for the direct determination of benzoylureas in vegetables

The coupled-column (LC-LC) system, consisting of a first column packed with internal surface reversed phase (ISRP) (50x4.6 mm ID) and a Chrompack C18 (100x4.6 mm ID) as second column, allowed the simultaneous determination of five benzoylurea insecticides in dichloromethane (CH2Cl2) extracts of vegetable samples without any clean-up step. This system was combined with a photochemically induced fluorescence (PIF) post-column derivatization in order to provide strongly fluorescent photoproducts from the non-fluorescent benzoylureas. Limits of detection ranged from 0.21 to 0.98 ug L–1 of pesticide (equivalent to 0.14–0.65 ug kg–1 in vegetable samples) and limits of determination ranged from 4.0 to 10.0 ug L–1 (equivalent to 2.7–6.7 ug kg–1). Linearity of the method was established between 2 and 1800 ug L–1, depending upon the compound. Validation of the total method was performed by randomly analyzing recoveries of four vegetable samples (aubergine, cucumber, green bean, and tomato) spiked at two levels of concentration (10.0 and 33.3 ug kg–1). The combination of the LC-LC system with PIF detection provides a sensitive, selective, and rapid method for the determination of pesticides in vegetable samples at levels lower than the maximum residue levels (MRLs) established for these compounds by Spanish legislation

Column-switching linked to large sample volumes to preconcentrate beta-blockers at trace levels in environmental water

This paper describes about an automated on-line enrichment method for the simultaneous determination of seven beta-blockers in river water using a short liquid chromatography column for preconcentration coupled with LC-DAD. The method performs the preconcentration of 30mL of river water samples (5% organic modifier) using a 50mm×4.6mm C18 column for enrichment and a 150mm×4.6mm C18 column for separation, allowing the determination of beta-blockers at trace levels in river water. The analytical procedure was developed by optimizing the breakthrough parameters (flow rate, time of preconcentration and percentage of organic modifier added to the sample) in order to achieve the maximum sensitivity, and by optimizing the mobile phase (composition and flow rate) to get adequate separation of the components in a reasonable analysis time. Under the optimized conditions, the method was validated with respect to linearity, precision, limits of detection, limits of quantification and accuracy. Detection and quantitation limits ranged between 0.1 and 3.1 and between 1.0 and 5.0 ng mL−1, respectively, whereas the RSD on inter-day precision was below 8%. To cope with the matrix effect in the determination of these drugs in river water samples, the standard addition methodology was successfully applied. Recoveries ranging from 81 to 115% proved the accuracy of the methodology proposed in this work

Adaptative processes in small-scale traditional fishermen's organisations. The case of cofradías in Galicia (NW Spain)

Small-scale fisheries have specific problems of governance associated with the different institutional conditions of each country and the characteristics of each fishery. In function of this, new lines of research are trying to enhance the joint analysis of resource and governance systems, with special emphasis on the involved associations of fishermen, their characteristics and their dynamics. This work attempts to address the nature of the adaptation processes of the fishermen groups to institutional and economic changes, with special reference to resource systems and sustainability. The particular case of Galicia (NW Spain) is analysed, characterised by a significant weight of small-scale fisheries and a specific system of actors, focused on hybrid associations (public-private) with a long historical development, called "cofradías".Xunta de Galicia | Ref. GRC2014/022Xunta de Galicia | Ref. AGRUP2015/08Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad | Ref. ECO2014-52412-RMinisterio de Economía y Competitividad | Ref. ECO2013-44436-

Sector restaurantero: situación y oportunidades de mejora en la región Xalapa, Veracruz, periodo 2008-2009

En Xalapa el turismo se ha convertido en una de las actividades clave para apuntalar el crecimiento económico y la generación de empleos, por lo que el gobierno estatal promueve diversos programas para su desarrollo, en específico en el sector restaurantero, el cual en los últimos años se ha visto afectado por una serie de situaciones y dificultades para mantenerse competitivo y subsistir. Estos aspectos impulsaron el desarrollo de un proyecto de investigación para identificar y describir el estado actual de dicho sector, así como las áreas de oportunidad, con la finalidad de reconocer y proponer estrategias para enfrentar con ventajas los retos y aprovechar las oportunidades; de tal manera que estén en condiciones de permanecer y crecer competitivamente en este sector.In Xalapa, tourism has become one of the key activities to underpin economic growth and employment generation, so that the state government promotes several programs for development, specifically the restaurant industry, as in recent years affected by a number of situations and challenges to stay competitive and survival. Aspects behind the development of a research project to identify and explain the current state of the sector and the area of opportunity, in order to identify and propose strategies to deal with the challenges and benefits opportunities, in such so they are able to stay competitive and grow in this sector

Vitamin D: Classic and Novel Actions

Background: Classically, vitamin D has been implicated in bone health by promoting calcium absorption in the gut and maintenance of serum calcium and phosphate concentrations, as well as by its action on bone growth and reorganization through the action of osteoblasts and osteoclasts cells. However, in the last 2 decades, novel actions of vitamin D have been discovered. The present report summarizes both classic and novel actions of vitamin D. Summary: 1,25(OH)2 vitamin D, the active metabolite of vitamin D, also known as calcitriol, regulates not only calcium and phosphate homeostasis but also cell proliferation and differentiation, and has a key a role to play in the responses of the immune and nervous systems. Current effects of vitamin D include xenobiotic detoxification, oxidative stress reduction, neuroprotective functions, antimicrobial defense, immunoregulation, anti-inflammatory/anticancer actions, and cardiovascular benefits. The mechanism of action of calcitriol is mediated by the vitamin D receptor, a subfamily of nuclear receptors that act as transcription factors into the target cells after forming a heterodimer with the retinoid X receptor. This kind of receptors has been found in virtually all cell types, which may explain its multiple actions on different tissues. Key Messages: In addition to classic actions related to mineral homeostasis, vitamin D has novel actions in cell proliferation and differentiation, regulation of the innate and adaptative immune systems, preventive effects on cardiovascular and neurodegenerative diseases, and even antiaging effects

Nutritional Importance of Selected Fresh Fishes, Shrimps and Mollusks to Meet Compliance with Nutritional Guidelines of n-3 LC-PUFA Intake in Spain

Fishery products are the main source of dietary n-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 LC-PUFA). Following the European Commission’s request to address the risks and benefits of seafood consumption, and taking into account the great variability of nutrient and contaminant levels in fishery products, the present work aims to estimate the n-3 LC-PUFA provided per serving of selected fishes, shrimps and mollusks that are commonly consumed in Spain. This would enable the establishment of a risk–benefit analysis of fish consumption and provide recommendations for fish intake to comply with nutritional guidelines of n-3 LC-PUFA intake. We confirmed high variation in the pattern and contents of fatty acids for different species. n-6 PUFA were minor fatty acids, whereas palmitic (C16:0), oleic (C18:1 n-9), and mainly eicosapentaenoic (C20:5 n-3) and docosahexaenoic (C22:6 n-3) acids were the major fatty acids in the sample. Therefore, consumption of 2–3 servings per week of a variety of fishery products may contribute to compliance with the recommended daily n-3 LC-PUFA intake while maintaining an adequate balance to avoid contaminant-derived potential risks (metals and others). Taking the fatty acid content of fishery products described in this study into consideration, it is advisable to include one serving of fatty fish per week in order to meet recommended n-3 LC-PUFA levels.Instituto de Salud Carlos III PI10/0052

El Portafolio como Herramienta de Evaluación en los Grados de Química y Ciencias Ambientales

Una de las mayores dificultades que presenta el modelo educativo de la Enseñanza en el Espacio Europeo de Educación Superior es la evaluación en la adquisición y desarrollo de competencias. Esta dificultad radica en el hecho de que las competencias no son aspectos aislados y observables a simple vista que se puedan valorar de una forma objetiva y sencilla. Ahora se hace necesario una evaluación preocupada por los procesos, orientada al aprendizaje, que permita constatar la calidad del mismo y con posibilidad de retroalimentación. Consideramos que el empleo del Portafolio como instrumento básico de evaluación puede ser utilizado por el docente para poder valorar el trabajo autónomo del alumno a la vez que permite evaluar las competencias adquiridas por el mismo. En el presente trabajo, se analiza la utilidad del Portafolio como instrumento de interpretación del aprendizaje y de adquisición de competencias. Este estudio se ha llevado a cabo con el alumnado de los Grados de Química y Ambientales durante el curso académico 2012-2013 en la asignatura de Química. Los resultados obtenidos ponen de manifiesto una buena correlación entre los alumnos que elaboraron correctamente el Portafolio y el grado de adquisición de competencias exigidas, facilitándoles el seguimiento de la asignatura

Dos modos de exuviación : trilobites oculados y no oculados

Se estudian los diferentes mecanismos de exuviación en Trilobites de los géneros Paradoxides y Conocoryphe del Cámbrico medio español.In this paper we discussed about the different modes of moulting between Paxadoxides and Conocoryphe from Middle Spanish Cambrian