Psychological distress in critically ill patients: Risk and protective factors

Abstract: Despite the importance of patients’ psychological well-being in their own recovery from illness, few studies examine these issues while the patient is still in ICU. This study analyzes the psychological distress of 71 ICU patients and the potential risk/protective factors for such distress. Patients showed moderate anxiety and depression although in a significant percentage clinical symptomatology was observed. More than halve of the patients revealed an intermediate general stress level and the most important stressor was having pain. Regarding risk factors for psychological distress, being a woman increased the risk for anxiety, depression and stress. Being a septic patient also increased the risk of experiencing stress. Conversely, some protective factors were being married and younger. These data provide a landscape of the distress experienced by patients while they are still in ICU, which is important to optimize the attention provided in a context where time for intervention is rather limited. Keywords: Critically ill patients; psychological distress; risk factors; protective factors. Afectación emocional en pacientes críticos: Factores de riesgo y de protección Resumen: A pesar de la importancia del bienestar psicológico del paciente en su recuperación, pocos estudios analizan estos aspectos mientras el paciente está todavía en UCI. Este estudio analiza la afectación emocional de 71 pacientes críticos y factores de riesgo/protección para dicha afectación. Los pacientes mostraron síntomas de ansiedad/depresión moderados, aunque un porcentaje significativo mostró sintomatología clínica. Más de la mitad de los pacientes reveló un nivel de estrés intermedio y el estresor más importante fue tener dolor. Asimismo, ser mujer aumentó el riesgo de ansiedad, depresión y estrés. Ser paciente séptico incrementó el riesgo de experimentar estrés. Por el contrario, algunos factores protectores fueron estar casado y ser más joven. Estos datos proporcionan un panorama general del malestar experimentado por los pacientes mientras están en UCI, lo cual es importante para optimizar la atención de los pacientes en un contexto en el que el tiempo para intervenir es bastanteescaso. Palabras clave: Pacientes críticamente enfermos; malestar emocional; factores de riesgo; factores protectores

Gender roles and aggressiveness in adolescence

La violencia entre adolescentes y jóvenes es un problema que repercute en su desarrollo biopsicosocial y viene determinado por diversos factores. El binomio sexo-género, ha mostrado una influencia considerable en las conductas agresivas adolescentes. Con el interés de profundizar nuestro conocimiento sobre estas variables, el presente estudio analiza la relación que las categorías de género (masculino, femenino, andrógino o indiferenciado) y sexo (hombre o mujer) tienen sobre la agresividad adolescente. Por este motivo, mediante la adaptación española de Inventario de Rol Sexual de Bem (García-Mina Freire, 2004) y el Cuestionario de Información, Actitudes y Comportamientos relacionados con la Salud (Ballester y Gil, 1999), se analiza la presencia de conductas violentas realizadas por 270 adolescentes de la Comunidad Valenciana, entre 13 y 17 años, así como su auto-identificación con el género. En general, los resultados ratifican la relación entre los rasgos masculinos y una mayor probabilidad de ejercer conductas agresivas. Este resultado, también se obtiene en la mayoría de personas identificadas con el “género indiferenciado”. Por el contrario, se reafirma la mayor preocupación por otras personas, de los y las adolescentes con más rasgos femeninos. Además, estos rasgos femeninos son los que muestran tener una mayor influencia en la realización de conductas agresivas, previniendo su aparición. Así pues, los hallazgos confirman la desigualdad de género en el comportamiento agresivo, asociado al universo masculino e indiferenciado, y proponen un amplio campo de acción para las intervenciones preventivas.Adolescent and Young violence remains a concern which damages their biopsychosocial development and involves several factors. The binomial sex-gender has revealed considerable influence on aggressive behavior among adolescents. In order to study in depth our knowledge about these variables, this study analyzes the relation between gender category (masculinity, feminity, adrogyny or undifferentiated) and sex (men or women) to adolescent aggressiveness. For this purpose, by the Spanish adaptation of Sexual Role Inventory by Bem (García-Mina Freire, 2004) and the Cuestionario de Información, Actitudes y Comportamientos relacionados con la Salud (Ballester y Gil, 1999), we analyze the existence of violent behaviors of 270 adolescents from Comunidad Valenciana, ranging from 13 and 17 years old, as well as their self-identification in gender. In general, the results support the relation between masculine traits and higher probability to develop aggressive behaviors. This result is also obtained by the majority of participants self identified as “undifferentiated gender”. However, participants who have more feminine traits are usually more worried about other people. In addition, these traits have shown more influence on aggressive behaviors, preventing their beginning. Therefore, our findings support the gender inequality about aggressive behavior, associated with masculine and undifferentiated universe, and suggest a broad range of actions for preventive interventions.peerReviewe

Statistical modelling and satellite monitoring of upward light from public lighting

In this work, we propose an approach to estimating the amount of light wasted by being sent towards the upper hemisphere from urban areas. This is a source of light pollution. The approach is based on a predictive model that provides the fraction of light directed skywards in terms of a small set of identified explanatory variables that characterise the urban landscape and its light sources. The model, built via the statistical analysis of a wide sample of basic urban scenarios to compute accurately the amount of light wasted at each of them, establishes an optimal linear regression function that relates the fraction of wasted flux to relevant variables like the kind of luminaires, the street fill factor, the street width, the building and luminaire heights and the walls and pavement reflectances. We applied this model to evaluate the changes in emissions produced at two urban nuclei in the Deltebre municipality of Catalonia. The results agree reasonably well with those deduced from the radiance measurements made with the VIIRS instrument onboard the Suomi-NPP Earth orbiting satellite

One-step production of fluorescent encoded polystyrene microparticles using flow focusing. Potencial applicatios in high-throughput screening

15th International Symposium on Microencapsulation September 18-21, 2005 Parma (Italy

Potential of the active heat pulse method with fiber optic temperature sensing for estimation of water content and infiltration in agricultural soils

The principle of temperature measurement along a fiber optic cable is based on the thermal sensitivity of the relative intensities of backscattered Raman Stokes and anti Stokes photons that arise from collisions with electrons in the core of the glass fiber. A laser pulse, generated by the Distributed Temperature Sensing unit DTS, traversing a fiber optic cable will result in Raman backscatter at two frequencies, referred to as Stokes and anti-Stokes

Towards domestic cooking efficiency: A case study on burger pan frying using experimental and computational results

It is well known that the use of efficient domestic cooking appliances and equipment can not only save energy, but also improve the quality of the food being prepared. This work raises the question of whether cooking procedures can also contribute to this energy efficiency. Focusing on burger pan frying, experimental data were used to develop a model able to predict cooking outcomes under different power levels supplied by an induction hob. The proposed model takes into account not only the heat consumed by water evaporation in the contact region but also the shrinkage process of the hamburger. A new formulation based on the multiplicative decomposition of the strain deformation gradient is proposed to describe the observed decoupling between weight and volume loss during the process. The model properly predicts temperature, moisture loss and shrinkage, and allows elucidation of the effects of supplying different amounts of energy on the final water content

¿Qué opinan los futuros maestros sobre el aprendizaje de las ciencias a través de la indagación y sobre sus necesidades formativas?

The application of an open-ended questionnaire allows us to detect some ideas about inquiry in preservice Primary teachers. A first analysis allows us to categorize the type of answers. In general, the majority of students ask for more theoretical contents about science, since they are not confidence in being involved in science teaching without this background. A great scattering of answers appears when students are asked for inquiry in the Primary classrooms. Finally, no coherent answers are detected when students declare that they want to learn “more scientific contents” (90%), whereas less than 50% of them would like to be taught about this issue

MEGARA detector test bench at LICA-UCM

LICA (Laboratorio de Instrumentaci´on Cient´ıfica Avanzada) is an initiative of the Campus de Excelencia Internacional of UCM. Among the facilities within LICA, a new laboratory has been assigned to MEGARA project for subsystem tests and AIV. This paper presents the current facilities installed at LICA for detector characterization, which will be used to test and characterize MEGARA detectors

Nitro-oleic acid regulates T cell activation through post-translational modification of calcineurin

Nitro-fatty acids (NO2-FAs) are unsaturated fatty acid nitration products that exhibit anti-inflammatory actions in experimental mouse models of autoimmune and allergic diseases. These electrophilic molecules interfere with intracellular signaling pathways by reversible post-translational modification of nucleophilic amino-acid residues. Several regulatory proteins have been identified as targets of NO2-FAs, modifying their activity and promoting gene expression changes that result in anti-inflammatory effects. Herein, we report the effects of nitro-oleic acid (NO2-OA) on pro-inflammatory T cell functions, showing that 9- and 10-NOA, but not their oleic acid precursor, decrease T cell proliferation, expression of activation markers CD25 and CD71 on the plasma membrane, and IL-2, IL-4, and IFN-γ cytokine gene expressions. Moreover, we have found that NO2-OA inhibits the transcriptional activity of nuclear factor of activated T cells (NFAT) and that this inhibition takes place through the regulation of the phosphatase activity of calcineurin (CaN), hindering NFAT dephosphorylation, and nuclear translocation in activated T cells. Finally, using mass spectrometry-based approaches, we have found that NO2-OA nitroalkylates CaNA on four Cys (Cys129, 228, 266, and 372), of which only nitroalkylation on Cys372 was of importance for the regulation of CaN phosphatase activity in cells, disturbing functional CaNA/CaNB heterodimer formation. These results provide evidence for an additional mechanism by which NO2-FAs exert their anti-inflammatory actions, pointing to their potential as therapeutic bioactive lipids for the modulation of harmful T cell-mediated immune response