Measurement of Muon Antineutrino Oscillations with an Accelerator-Produced Off-Axis Beam

T2K reports its first measurements of the parameters governing the disappearance of ν-μ in an off-axis beam due to flavor change induced by neutrino oscillations. The quasimonochromatic ν-μ beam, produced with a peak energy of 0.6 GeV at J-PARC, is observed at the far detector Super-Kamiokande, 295 km away, where the ν-μ survival probability is expected to be minimal. Using a data set corresponding to 4.01×1020 protons on target, 34 fully contained μ-like events were observed. The best-fit oscillation parameters are sin2(θ-23)=0.45 and |Δm-322|=2.51×10-3 eV2 with 68% confidence intervals of 0.38-0.64 and 2.26-2.80×10-3 eV2, respectively. These results are in agreement with existing antineutrino parameter measurements and also with the νμ disappearance parameters measured by T2K

Application of ecological momentary assessment in stress-related diseases

Many physical diseases have been reported to be associated with psychosocial factors. In these diseases, assessment relies mainly on subjective symptoms in natural settings. Therefore, it is important to assess symptoms and/or relationships between psychosocial factors and symptoms in natural settings. Symptoms are usually assessed by self-report when patients visit their doctors. However, self-report by recall has an intrinsic problem; "recall bias". Recently, ecological momentary assessment (EMA) has been proposed as a reliable method to assess and record events and subjective symptoms as well as physiological and behavioral variables in natural settings. Although EMA is a useful method to assess stress-related diseases, it has not been fully acknowledged, especially by clinicians. Therefore, the present brief review introduces the application and future direction of EMA for the assessment and intervention for stress-related diseases

Current and prospective pharmacological targets in relation to antimigraine action

Migraine is a recurrent incapacitating neurovascular disorder characterized by unilateral and throbbing headaches associated with photophobia, phonophobia, nausea, and vomiting. Current specific drugs used in the acute treatment of migraine interact with vascular receptors, a fact that has raised concerns about their cardiovascular safety. In the past, α-adrenoceptor agonists (ergotamine, dihydroergotamine, isometheptene) were used. The last two decades have witnessed the advent of 5-HT1B/1D receptor agonists (sumatriptan and second-generation triptans), which have a well-established efficacy in the acute treatment of migraine. Moreover, current prophylactic treatments of migraine include 5-HT2 receptor antagonists, Ca2+ channel blockers, and β-adrenoceptor antagonists. Despite the progress in migraine research and in view of its complex etiology, this disease still remains underdiagnosed, and available therapies are underused. In this review, we have discussed pharmacological targets in migraine, with special emphasis on compounds acting on 5-HT (5-HT1-7), adrenergic (α1, α2, and β), calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP 1 and CGRP2), adenosine (A1, A2, and A3), glutamate (NMDA, AMPA, kainate, and metabotropic), dopamine, endothelin, and female hormone (estrogen and progesterone) receptors. In addition, we have considered some other targets, including gamma-aminobutyric acid, angiotensin, bradykinin, histamine, and ionotropic receptors, in relation to antimigraine therapy. Finally, the cardiovascular safety of current and prospective antimigraine therapies is touched upon

Measurement of the single pi(0) production rate in neutral current neutrino interactions on water

The single π0 production rate in neutral current neutrino interactions on water in a neutrino beam with a peak neutrino energy of 0.6 GeV has been measured using the PØD, one of the subdetectors of the T2K near detector. The production rate was measured for data taking periods when the PØD contained water (2.64×10(20) protons-on-target) and also periods without water (3.49×10(20) protons-on-target). A measurement of the neutral current single π0 production rate on water is made using appropriate subtraction of the production rate with water in from the rate with water out of the target region. The subtraction analysis yields 106 ± 41 ± 69 signal events where the uncertainties are statistical (stat.) and systematic (sys.) respectively. This is consistent with the prediction of 157 events from the nominal simulation. The measured to expected ratio is 0.68 ± 0.26 (stat) ± 0.44 (sys) ± 0.12 (flux). The nominal simulation uses a flux integrated cross section of 7.63×10(−39)cm(2) per nucleon with an average neutrino interaction energy of 1.3 GeV

First Measurement of the Muon Neutrino Charged Current Single Pion Production Cross Section on Water with the T2K Near Detector

The T2K off-axis near detector, ND280, is used to make the first differential cross section measurements of muon neutrino charged current single positive pion production on a water target at energies ${\sim}0.8$ GeV. The differential measurements are presented as a function of muon and pion kinematics, in the restricted phase-space defined by $p_{\pi^+}>200$MeV/c, $p_{\mu^-}>200$MeV/c, $\cos \theta_{\pi^+}>0.3$ and $\cos \theta_{\mu^-}>0.3$. The total flux integrated $\nu_\mu$ charged current single positive pion production cross section on water in the restricted phase-space is measured to be $\langle\sigma\rangle_\phi=4.25\pm0.48 (\mathrm{stat})\pm1.56 (\mathrm{syst})\times10^{-40} \mathrm{cm}^{2}/\mathrm{nucleon}$. The total cross section is consistent with the NEUT prediction ($5.03\times10^{-40} \mathrm{cm}^{2}/\mathrm{nucleon}$) and 2$\sigma$ lower than the GENIE prediction ($7.68\times10^{-40} \mathrm{cm}^{2}/\mathrm{nucleon}$). The differential cross sections are in good agreement with the NEUT generator. The GENIE simulation reproduces well the shapes of the distributions, but over-estimates the overall cross section normalization

Caracterização dos casos de violência contra a mulher atendidos em três serviços na cidade de Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, Brasil Violence against women: analysis of cases treated at three services in the city of Uberlândia, Minas Gerais State, Brazil

Este estudo apresenta aspectos epidemiológicos e clínicos da violência contra a mulher, utilizando três fontes de dados: prontuários médicos do Hospital de Clínicas de Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, Brasil, (HCU); fichas de atendimento da ONG SOS Ação Mulher Família (ONG SOS Mulher); laudos de perícia de lesões corporais e de necropsias do Posto Médico Legal (PML). No HCU e no PML, os atendimentos foram decorrentes principalmente por agressão física, não havendo alusão à violência psicológica nos prontuários médicos e nos laudos, revelando que em serviços de atenção primária à saúde esta violência é evidenciada somente em pesquisas pós-entrevistas com as vítimas. Na ONG SOS Mulher foram observadas principalmente as violências psicológica e física. Nas três fontes pesquisadas houve baixa ocorrência da violência sexual, corroborando dados da literatura que retrata a invisibilidade desta questão, principalmente da violência sexual conjugal sofrida pelas mulheres que buscam ajuda nesses serviços. Os dados da presente pesquisa permitem concluir que os tipos de violência contra a mulher nesses três diferentes serviços públicos de saúde e social, em Uberlândia, diferenciam-se conforme as características específicas dos serviços oferecidos nessas instituições.<br>This study analyzes epidemiological and clinical aspects of violence against women, using three data sources: medical records at the University Hospital in Uberlândia, Minas Gerais State, Brazil; treatment forms from the nongovernmental organization SOS Action for Women and Families; forensic reports on bodily injuries and autopsies from the Medical Examiner's Office. At the University Hospital and Medical Examiner's Office, the records related mainly to physical aggression, with no reference to psychological abuse in the medical charts or forensic reports, revealing that in primary health care services, such violence is only identified through post-aggression interviews with victims. Records at the nongovernmental organization referred mainly to psychological and physical abuse. The three sources showed little reference to sexual violence, corroborating data from the literature on this issue's invisibility, especially conjugal sexual violence suffered by women that seek treatment at these services. According to the current study's findings, the types of violence against women recorded at these three public health and social services differ according to the specific characteristics of the services they provide