LINEE GUIDA NAZIONALI PER LE AUTOPSIE A SCOPO FORENSE IN MEDICINA VETERINARIA

Vedi Prefazione nel testo

LINEE GUIDA NAZIONALI PER LE AUTOPSIE A SCOPO FORENSE IN MEDICINA VETERINARIA

\u201c9 prefazione Prefazione Verso la fine degli anni 80, in un piccolo paese dell\u2019entroterra siculo, tre guardiacaccia volontari vennero arrestati con l\u2019accusa di avere cacciato di notte \u201cfariannu\u201d, cio\ue8 usando potenti torce elet-triche per abbagliare la preda e ucciderla, cosa assolutamente proibita. Nel portabagagli dell\u2019au-to dei tre venne ritrovato un coniglio morto; i guardiacaccia si giustificarono sostenendo di averlo preso di giorno, legittimamente, ma non vennero creduti. L\u2019indomani, nel corso del processo per direttissima, il loro difensore sollev\uf2 una brillante questione preliminare: non \ue8 possibile stabilire l\u2019ora esatta della morte del coniglio; occorrerebbe un esame necroscopico. Chiese quindi un\u2019au-topsia sulla cadavere dell\u2019animale: se l\u2019esame avesse determinato che il coniglio era stato ucciso di mattina, gli arrestati sarebbero stati scagionati; se, invece, avesse collocato l\u2019evento letale in orario notturno, sarebbe stata raggiunta la prova della loro colpevolezza. Il vicepretore onorario, accogliendo la richiesta del difensore, dispose l\u2019accertamento tecnico, nominando perito il veteri-nario del paese. Quest\u2019ultimo, del tutto impreparato all\u2019originale incarico ricevuto, non fu capace di rispondere al quesito con la conseguenza che, permanendo un ragionevole dubbio, i guardia-caccia vennero assolti.* Oggi le cose sarebbero andate diversamente: l\u2019incarico sarebbe stato conferito a un esperto in scienze[\u2026]\u201d Passi di: \u201cLinee guida nazionali per le autopsie a scopo forense in medicina veterinaria\u201d. Apple Books

Linee guida nazionali per le autopsie a scopo forense in medicina veterinaria

“9 prefazione Prefazione Verso la fine degli anni 80, in un piccolo paese dell’entroterra siculo, tre guardiacaccia volontari vennero arrestati con l’accusa di avere cacciato di notte “fariannu”, cioè usando potenti torce elet-triche per abbagliare la preda e ucciderla, cosa assolutamente proibita. Nel portabagagli dell’au-to dei tre venne ritrovato un coniglio morto; i guardiacaccia si giustificarono sostenendo di averlo preso di giorno, legittimamente, ma non vennero creduti. L’indomani, nel corso del processo per direttissima, il loro difensore sollevò una brillante questione preliminare: non è possibile stabilire l’ora esatta della morte del coniglio; occorrerebbe un esame necroscopico. Chiese quindi un’au-topsia sulla cadavere dell’animale: se l’esame avesse determinato che il coniglio era stato ucciso di mattina, gli arrestati sarebbero stati scagionati; se, invece, avesse collocato l’evento letale in orario notturno, sarebbe stata raggiunta la prova della loro colpevolezza. Il vicepretore onorario, accogliendo la richiesta del difensore, dispose l’accertamento tecnico, nominando perito il veteri-nario del paese. Quest’ultimo, del tutto impreparato all’originale incarico ricevuto, non fu capace di rispondere al quesito con la conseguenza che, permanendo un ragionevole dubbio, i guardia-caccia vennero assolti.* Oggi le cose sarebbero andate diversamente: l’incarico sarebbe stato conferito a un esperto in scienze[…]” Passi di: “Linee guida nazionali per le autopsie a scopo forense in medicina veterinaria”. Apple Books

Linee guida nazionali per le autopsie a scopo forense in medicina veterinaria

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The Italian Network of Laboratories for Veterinary Oncology (NILOV) 2.0: Improving Knowledge on Canine Tumours

Advances in tumour research are crucial, and comparative oncology can improve the knowledge in several ways. Dogs are not only models of specific naturally occurring tumours but can also be sentinels of environmental exposures to carcinogens, as they share the same environment with their owners. The purpose of this work was to describe the data collected by The Italian Network of Laboratories for Veterinary Oncology in the first 9 years of activity (2013-2021) and to evaluate their potential epidemiological significance. Frequencies of tumour topographies and main morphologies in dogs were described, analysed and compared, calculating age-adjusted proportional morbidity ratios and considering several risk factors (breed, sex, period and region of residence). These observations allowed us to highlight differences not only in morphology and topography of some tumours but also to formulate hypotheses on the potential role of some risk factors, e.g., neutering/spaying or geographical location. In our opinion, the results of this case series confirm the importance of initiating and consolidating animal cancer registration initiatives that would facilitate the possibility of conducting multicentric collaborative studies to deepen the knowledge of the epidemiology of tumours in dogs from a comparative perspective

The Italian law on body donation: A position paper of the Italian College of Anatomists

In Italy, recent legislation (Law No. 10/2020) has tuned regulations concerning the donation of one's postmortem body and tissues for study, training, and scientific research purposes. This study discusses several specific issues to optimise the applicability and effectiveness of such an important, novel regulatory setting. Some of these unsolved issues may involve the grantees of teaching and training activities, the role of academic anatomical institutes, the role of family members in the donation process, the universal time limit indicated for any donation, the handling of corpses, and the limited body donation and its subordination to the donation of organs and tissues. Critical issues arise concerning the learners, the type of training and teaching activities that can be planned, the position of academic anatomy institutes, the role of family members in the donation process, the time frame of the donation process, the eligibility of partial donation, or the simultaneous donation of organs and tissues to patients awaiting transplantation. In particular, a universal time limit for donations (i.e., one year) makes it impossible to plan the long-term use of specific body parts, which could be effectively preserved for the advanced teaching and training of medical students and surgeons. The abovementioned conditions lead to the limited use of corpses, thus resulting in the inefficiency of the whole system of body donation. Overall, the donors' scope for the donation of their body could be best honoured by a more flexible and tuneable approach that can be used on a case-by-case basis. Furthermore, it is deemed necessary to closely monitor the events scheduled for corpses in public nonacademic institutions or private enterprises. This paper presents useful insights from Italian anatomists with the hope of providing inspiration for drafting the regulations. In conclusion, this paper focuses on the critical issues derived from the recently introduced Italian law on the donation and use of the body after death and provides suggestions to lawmakers for future implementations

The Italian law on body donation: A position paper of the Italian College of Anatomists

In Italy, recent legislation (Law No. 10/2020) has tuned regulations concerning the donation of one's postmortem body and tissues for study, training, and scientific research purposes. This study discusses several specific issues to optimise the applicability and effectiveness of such an important, novel regulatory setting. Some of these unsolved issues may involve the grantees of teaching and training activities, the role of academic anatomical institutes, the role of family members in the donation process, the universal time limit indicated for any donation, the handling of corpses, and the limited body donation and its subordination to the donation of organs and tissues. Critical issues arise concerning the learners, the type of training and teaching activities that can be planned, the position of academic anatomy institutes, the role of family members in the donation process, the time frame of the donation process, the eligibility of partial donation, or the simultaneous donation of organs and tissues to patients awaiting transplantation. In particular, a universal time limit for donations (i.e., one year) makes it impossible to plan the long-term use of specific body parts, which could be effectively preserved for the advanced teaching and training of medical students and surgeons. The abovementioned conditions lead to the limited use of corpses, thus resulting in the inefficiency of the whole system of body donation. Overall, the donors' scope for the donation of their body could be best honoured by a more flexible and tuneable approach that can be used on a case-by-case basis. Furthermore, it is deemed necessary to closely monitor the events scheduled for corpses in public nonacademic institutions or private enterprises. This paper presents useful insights from Italian anatomists with the hope of providing inspiration for drafting the regulations. In conclusion, this paper focuses on the critical issues derived from the recently introduced Italian law on the donation and use of the body after death and provides suggestions to lawmakers for future implementations

Effects of pre‐operative isolation on postoperative pulmonary complications after elective surgery: an international prospective cohort study

We aimed to determine the impact of pre-operative isolation on postoperative pulmonary complications after elective surgery during the global SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. We performed an international prospective cohort study including patients undergoing elective surgery in October 2020. Isolation was defined as the period before surgery during which patients did not leave their house or receive visitors from outside their household. The primary outcome was postoperative pulmonary complications, adjusted in multivariable models for measured confounders. Pre-defined sub-group analyses were performed for the primary outcome. A total of 96,454 patients from 114 countries were included and overall, 26,948 (27.9%) patients isolated before surgery. Postoperative pulmonary complications were recorded in 1947 (2.0%) patients of which 227 (11.7%) were associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection. Patients who isolated pre-operatively were older, had more respiratory comorbidities and were more commonly from areas of high SARS-CoV-2 incidence and high-income countries. Although the overall rates of postoperative pulmonary complications were similar in those that isolated and those that did not (2.1% vs 2.0%, respectively), isolation was associated with higher rates of postoperative pulmonary complications after adjustment (adjusted OR 1.20, 95%CI 1.05-1.36, p = 0.005). Sensitivity analyses revealed no further differences when patients were categorised by: pre-operative testing; use of COVID-19-free pathways; or community SARS-CoV-2 prevalence. The rate of postoperative pulmonary complications increased with periods of isolation longer than 3 days, with an OR (95%CI) at 4-7 days or >= 8 days of 1.25 (1.04-1.48), p = 0.015 and 1.31 (1.11-1.55), p = 0.001, respectively. Isolation before elective surgery might be associated with a small but clinically important increased risk of postoperative pulmonary complications. Longer periods of isolation showed no reduction in the risk of postoperative pulmonary complications. These findings have significant implications for global provision of elective surgical care