Direct synthesis of fluorinated heteroarylether bioisosteres

(Bioiso)steering in a new direction: A modular synthesis of reagents (e.g. sodium difluoroethylsulfinate) that can be used for the direct incorporation of difluoroalkyl groups onto heterocycles is reported. The scope and generality of the incorporation of difluoroalkyl groups is exemplified with the difluoroethyl group and a proof of principle is shown for a general synthesis of fluorinated heteroarylether bioisosteres

The Faculty of education restaurant consumers' attitude towards the responsible treatment of food

Food waste is a burning issue all over the world. Different producers, households, shops, restaurants, schools and other food offering venues face this problem. It is important to raise the society’s awareness about the consequences of food waste. In my diploma work I tried to establish the secondary school students and the students of the Faculty of Education attitude towards food and the level of their satisfaction with the faculty restaurant food. I have researched the reasons for the food waste and gathered students’ suggestions on how to reduce its amount. In my research, I have used a descriptive method and a quantitative approach. There were 60 students of the Faculty of Education and 59 secondary school students of the Pre-school Teacher Training Secondary School participating in my research. The research showed a moderate level of student’s satisfaction with the food in the restaurant at the Faculty of Education. The main reasons in case of dissatisfaction are according to students the taste and general food quality. I discovered that one of the main reasons for food waste are large portions but the students claimed the reason for not finishing the meal was the feeling of satiety. The secondary school students usually finish their meals whereas the college students more often leave some food on their plates. They have both suggested that food waste could be reduced by giving them smaller portions which means they should be able to choose the size of the meal at the self-service counter. They also proposed that users of food services could be educated about food waste problem through various lectures and education programs. They suggested the use of available food containers for the left-overs and extra food that could be given to those who are in need. Communication between the service providers and users is also very important as it can greatly reduce the number of times when less desired foods are offered. The awareness about discarded food is increasingly rising in schools and colleges. According to the results of my research, I estimated that secondary school students and college students are both conscious of the consequences of discarded food with college students being slightly more aware of the problem. My estimation is that the amount of food waste can be reduced by careful planning and management of offered foods. Different projects that would raise the awareness about food waste among the student population are also very important

Fluorine-decoupled carbon spectroscopy for the determination of configuration at fully substituted, trifluoromethyl- and perfluoroalkyl-bearing carbons: comparison with 19F-1H heteronuclear Overhauser effect spectroscopy

The synthesis of a series of α-trifluoromethylcyclohexanols and analogous trimethylsilyl ethers by addition of the Ruppert-Prakash reagent to substituted cyclohexanones is presented. A method for the assignment of configuration of such compounds, of related α-trifluoromethylcyclohexylamines and of quaternary trifluoromethyl-substituted carbons is described based on the determination of the (3)J(CH) coupling constant between the fluorine-decoupled (13)CF3 resonance and the vicinal hydrogens. This method is dubbed fluorine-decoupled carbon spectroscopy and abbreviated FDCS. The method is also applied to the configurational assignment of substances bearing mono-, di-, and perfluoroalkyl rather than trifluoromethyl groups. The configuration of all substances was verified by either (19)F-(1)H heteronuclear Overhauser spectroscopy (HOESY) or X-ray crystallography. The relative merits of FDCS and HOESY are compared and contrasted. (2)J(CH), (3)J(CH), and (4)J(CH) coupling constants to (19)F decoupled CF3 groups in alkenes and arenes have also been determined and should prove to be useful in the structural assignment of trifluoromethylated alkenes and arenes