How can Trade Help to Rebuild and Enhance the Economies of the Southern Mediterranean Countries?

Arab countries are experiencing major changes in their governance systems. While the features of the new era are still unclear, what is certain is that a new development paradigm will be adopted and significant efforts will be made to rebuild the economies of these countries, which have been seriously disrupted due to the revolutions and their aftermath. This article seeks to answer the question of how trade can play a significant positive role in rebuilding and enhancing the economies of these Southern Mediterranean Countries

The roots of economic challenges facing Egypt in the aftermath of the 25th January revolution. Jean Monnet Occasional Paper No. 9/2014

Introduction. Since the 25th of January 2011 revolution the Egyptian economy has been suffering on all fronts. Almost all the economic indicators have been pointing towards a deteriorating situation, and in many cases have reached the trough. Yet, the economy is still surviving. This is mainly due to the unprecedented support of some of Arab Gulf countries, whose unconditional aid has helped to mitigate the deteriorating economic conditions. The economic challenges facing Egypt have been exacerbated after the 20th of January revolution mainly because of the deteriorating political and security conditions which have interrupted the functioning of the economy. Yet, this is not to say that revolution has caused these challenges. In fact, the challenges that the Egyptian has been facing have deep roots in its socio-political-economic context, which this paper aims to explain. The revolution and its aftermath have brought to the forefront challenges which have always been mitigated by short-term solutions that never dealt seriously with their roots. Moreover, the revolution has brought additional problems associated with the macroeconomic imbalances. As a result, the challenges became more complex especially in light of the need to balance the social and economic aspects. The paper proceeds as follows; in section one we pinpoint the main challenges faced by Egypt where we identify the symptoms and causes of such challenges. In section two we discuss the roots of such challenges. Finally, we conclude and provide our understanding of how Egypt is expected to face its challenges in the near future

Effect of external factors on deterioration of photo voltaic panel\u27s performance

Solar power is one of the most promising renewable energy resources. Thus, it has been under continuous research for improvement and enhancement. One type of solar power generators that has been appealing for the market is Photovoltaic solar cells (PVs). The performance of PV solar cells is effected by many factors. In a desert climate like Egypt, a major player in the performance is the sand or dust particles precipitation on the PV panels. This factor does not just affect the performance, but it also reflects on the utilizability of the power generation as a whole. In the present work field measurements of the performance of 4 different sets of identical PVs inclined at different tilt angles is presented. The measurements are conducted for many different days with a wide variety of clearness index and solar intensities, at the intervals of 15 seconds. Each set includes a PV module which was cleaned daily and two which were not cleaned, thus allowing dust accumulation to build up with time. The performance of the corresponding clean and soiled modules are compared. The study reveals that deterioration of performance of unclean (soiled) PVs is does not depend solely on the thickness of the dust layer alone, but rather by the interaction of the latter with other factors such as solar incidence angle, PV tilt angle and clearness Index. Finally the data is used to derive best fit regressive models for both daily energy performance and instantaneous performance. The models are based on true field measurements with all variable interactions present, rather than models which investigate the effect of a single variable under controlled lab conditions as common in previous investigations

Influence of Relationship Marketing Underpinnings on Egyptian Hotel Customer\u27s Satisfaction and Loyalty

This study seeks to examine relationship marketing as influenced by service provider\u27s attributes and resulting in customer\u27s satisfaction and loyalty within the Egyptian hotel industry. A conceptual model linking service provider\u27s attributes to relationship marketing underpinnings and the latter to relational outcomes defined as customer\u27s satisfaction and loyalty, was tested using structural equation modeling (SEM) on a sample of 279 hotel customers in Sharm El-Sheikh, Egypt. The results showed that service provider\u27s competency significantly influences relationship marketing underpinnings. On the other hand, the influence of service provider\u27s appearance on customer\u27s perception of commitment and conflict is not supported. Further, relationship marketing underpinnings significantly influence customer\u27s satisfaction. Finally, customer\u27s satisfaction significantly influences their loyalty towards the hotel

Antegrade Intermittent Cold Cardioplegia in Comparison to Antegrade Intermittent Warm Cardioplegia in Heart Valve Surgery

Paper withdrawn upon authors request: Request received: 22 May 2020 Paper withdrawn: 22 May 2020 &nbsp

(R1989) Mixed Convection Slippery Cross Fluid Flow due to a Stratified Sheet under the Effect of Radiation Phenomenon

In view of the meaning of a two dimensional laminar Cross liquid in depicting an exhaustive assortment of experimental information, an assessment is done for a numerical and mathematical arrangement over a stratified extensible sheet. The non-dimensionality technique is brought into the controlling equations within the sight of the slip phenomenon and to make the solution more thorough. The data have been taken at a steady, viscous and laminar ow. Heat transfer across fluid is employed as a non-Newtonian fluid, where the fluid has a affected by radiation. Additionally, thermal radiation and heat generation are considered with the basic influence on the temperature field. The work has been performed to yield a completely new concept of the presence relationship between the governing parameters and the rate of heat transfer. Numerical analysis with the aid of the shooting method of the governing equations of motion is given over a wide range of controlling parameters. A bunch of graph plots both velocity and temperature fields at various upsides of physical parameters. Furthermore, a tabular form of the same parameters exists for the local shear stress and the rate of heat transfer along the sheet