MINERAL CHEMISTRY AND GEOCHEMISTRY OF GRANITOID ROCKS IN NORTHERN OF SARDUIEH (DASHT SHAGHIN AND SARTASHTAK), IRAN

Dehaj-Sarduieh volcano-plutonic belt in Kerman province of Iran represents a part of Urumieh-Dokhtar Magmatic assemblage which is mainly composed of granodiorite, quartz diorite, tonalite granite and granophyre. These rocks emplaced in Eocene volcanic and pyroclastic deposits rocks and are considered to be Oligo-Miocene in age. Geochemical studies showed that the amphibole minerals in diorite and granodiorites are calcic in composition and range from actinolite to magnesio-hornblende. Geochemical and mineralogical results revealed that these bodies have been generated in the lower part of the lower crust at a temperature of 700 to 750 °C, with an oxygen fugacity of -13.57 to -15.76 and a low pressure of 1 to 3 kb through mixing of mantle-derived mafic magma with crustal-derived felsic melts. These amphiboles are subduction-related and in accordance with the tectono-magmatic features suggested for these massifs, they show the characteristics of subduction and active continental margin environments. Field observations and mineralogical-geochemical evidence revealed that the original magma has been calc-alkaline in composition and metaluminous I-type. It is also showed that the process of fractional crystallization has significantly contributed in the formation of these rocks. Sarduieh igneous rocks displayed an enrichment in the large-ion lithophile elements (LILE, e.g. Ce, Th, Ba, Zr, Sr) and a depletion of the high field strength elements (HFSE, e.g. Nb, P, and Ti) and Chondrite normalized REE patterns are characterized by LREE enrichment and Show slight negative Eu anomalies which reflect the influence of subductions zone and active continental margin environments. The tectonic setting of these rocks is inferred to be continental arc or active continental margin and they were deduced to be generated by the subduction of the Neotethys oceanic crust beneath the Central Iranian continental plate.O cinturão vulcânico-plutônico de Dehaj-Sarduieh, na província de Kerman, no Irã, representa uma parte do conjunto Urumieh-Dokhtar Magmatic, composto principalmente de granodiorito, diorito de quartzo, granito e granito. Essas rochas localizadas em depósitos vulcânicos e piroclásticos do Eoceno e são consideradas como idade do Oligo-Mioceno. Estudos geoquímicos mostraram que os minerais anfibólio nos dioritos e granodioritos são de composição cálica e variam de actinolita a magnésio-hornblenda.Resultados geoquímicos e mineralógicos revelaram que esses corpos foram gerados na parte inferior da crosta inferior a uma temperatura de 700 a 750 ° C, com uma fugacidade de oxigênio de -13,57 a -15,76 e baixa pressão de 1 a 3 kb através da mistura de magma máfico derivado do manto com derretidos félsicos derivados da crosta. Esses anfibólios estão relacionados à subducção e, de acordo com as características tectono-magmáticas sugeridas para esses maciços, mostram as características dos ambientes de subducção e margem continental ativa. As observações de campo e as evidências mineralógico-geoquímicas revelaram que o magma original tem composição alcalino-calcária e tipo I metaluminoso. Também é mostrado que o processo de cristalização fracionada contribuiu significativamente na formação dessas rochas. As rochas ígneas de Sarduieh exibiram um enriquecimento nos elementos litófilos de íons grandes (LILE, por exemplo, Ce, Th, Ba, Zr, Sr) e um esgotamento dos elementos de alta força de campo (HFSE, por exemplo, Nb, P e Ti) e Condrita normalizados Os padrões REE são caracterizados pelo enriquecimento LREE e Mostrar pequenas anomalias negativas da Eu que refletem a influência da zona de subducção e ambientes ativos de margens continentais. O cenário tectônico dessas rochas é inferido como arco continental ou margem continental ativa e elas foram deduzidas para serem geradas pela subducção da crosta oceânica de Neotethys sob a placa continental iraniana central

The prevalence of recurrent abdominal pain and some relative factors among children beginning primary school in Bushehr port

Recurrent abdominal pain (RAP) is a common problem in children and adolescence. The functional abdominal pain is the most common cause of RAP. The conceptual models of RAP are multivariate and acknowledge the contributions of a variety of biological, psychological, and social factors. Among the 6-7 year-old population of Bushehr port, 485 (50.1% male, 49.9%female) children starting primary school were randomly selected. Questionnaires were completed by direct interview during the National Program of Health Surveillance of Schoolchildren in 2000. According to Apley's criteria, 49 children had RAP (9.1% male and 11.2% female). Abdominal pain pattern such as frequency, duration, location, radiation, associated symptoms was relatively similar to other investigations. The signs of environmental reinforcement of pain behavior such as specific attention and medication at time of pain were commonly observed (32.6% and 71.4%, respectively). Prolonged duration of involvement (73.5%, more than one year) and frequent referral to physician (30.6%, at least three referral) were detected. Some psychosocial stress such as father unemployment and history of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) in parents were significantly more frequent in RAP group (p values= 0.038 and 0.01, respectively). History of RAP in siblings and appendectomy, peptic disease and migraine were mildly more frequent in RAP group. Separation of one of the parents, change of address, parent education and mother employment, sibling number and order and weight and height had not significant differences between two groups. Among 22 patients, giardia cyst was detected in the stool of 4 patients (18.2 %). In conclusion, RAP is a common problem in Bushehr port and its pattern was relatively similar to other regions. The father unemployment and the history of IBS in parents, two psychosocial stresses, were associated with RAP

A Comparative Study of Discourse Markers: The Case of three English Applied Linguistic Texts with their Farsi Translations

This research was an attempt to find the relationship between English discourse markers and their Farsi translations. It was conducted in order to find out whether DMs translations completely demonstrate source texts orientation and to what extent DMs translations are functionally appropriate compared to the original text? Six instruments were used. Three of them were the original English books and the other three were their translations. Ten pages from each original book were randomly selected. Then they were compared to their translations by the researcher and two translation teachers according to Farahzad's (1992) scale. The results of the study showed that there is a high degree of relationship between English DMs and their Persian counterparts; however, there is not a 1:1 translation about DMs. It can be also said that Persian translations are, functionally and almost totally, appropriate, compared to the original texts

Identification and Analysis of Plastic Microparticles in the Inlet and Outlet of the Wastewater Treatment Plant and Investigation of the Relationship between Different Seasons of the Year with the Amount of Production and Emission of Particles

Microplastics are found in various environments with the increasing use of plastics worldwide. These particles can cause serious injuries. These damages not only affect water, soil, and air but also can cause irreversible problems for human beings and other living creatures. According to this, sampling, separation, detection, and characterization of microplastics (MPs) dispersed in water and wastewater bodies are a challenging and critical issue for a better understanding of the hazards for the environment posed by such nearly ubiquitous and still largely unknown form of pollution. Plastics can exist in different forms in nature, among which microplastics are extremely harmful. Importantly, conventional wastewater treatment plants cannot remove microplastics and drain them into the aquatic and terrestrial accepting environments, which in turn can endanger living creatures. Therefore, the studies oriented to their detection and extraction are of great importance. In the present study, an optimized method is introduced to efficiently detect and extract microplastics from the input effluent and output waste streams of the wastewater treatment plants. First, the seasonal sampling was performed in three seasons: spring, summer, and autumn, to determine the season with the most microplastic production. Then, the acid washing using the 30% hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and 0.05 M divalent iron was performed on the prepared samples. Also, since this method is based on creating density gradient, the sodium iodide (NaI) salt was used. Notably, the performance of the studied wastewater treatment plant in terms of the microplastic removal efficiency was also evaluated using this method. Accordingly, the wastewater treatment plant was able to remove microplastics by 94–96%, which means that about 5% of the residual microplastics are drained into the aquatic and terrestrial environments. Moreover, it was revealed that microfibers have a lower percentage of removal in wastewater treatment process than microparticles. The result of the method used has shown that more than 95% of the particles can be detected

Learning Styles of Medical Students in Birjand University of Medical Sciences According to VARK Model

Introduction: Medical students face with extreme amount of curriculum materials which can't be simply memorized, so different ways of learning have always been emphasized. The goal of this study was to investigate learning styles and related factors among medical students of Birjand University of Medical Sciences using VARK questionnaire. Methods: This was a descriptive cross-sectional study. In 2009-2010 academic year, 148 medical students from different stages of medical school were selected by stratified random sampling..The learning styles of Data gathering tool was VARK questionnaire in which learning styles were classified into four subclasses of visual, audio, reading, and kinetic (skill). Data was analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. Results: Among 148 people participating in this study 77% were female and most of them (66.2%) were passing the basic sciences stage. The learning style mostly used by these students was auditory (48.6). There was no significant relationship between the preferred learning styles and gender (P= 0.18). Conclusion: Considering the fact that students are educated through lecture and oral methods from elementary to university, it would be expected that students prefer auditory learning style to others. Despite the practical outbreak of medical students in clinical settings, increasing students’ ability in kinetic methods seems to be necessary

Comparison of malnutrition in hemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis patients and its relationship with echocardiographic findings

Background: Malnutrition is common in patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) who on peritoneal dialysis (PD) or hemodialysis (HD). This study aimed to compare the frequency distribution of malnutrition in HD and PD patients and its relationship with echocardiographic findings. Materials and Methods: This is a case-control study. Using the simple random sampling, 109 patients were selected among HD and PD patients based on the inclusion criteria. HD and PD groups included 55 and 54 patients, respectively. The malnutrition-inflammation score (MIS) index was used to assess malnutrition. Echocardiography was performed by a cardiologist. All the data were analyzed by SPSS version 18. Results: In this study, 79.6% (43 patients) were in the PD group with MIS 18 suffered from severe malnutrition (P = 0.74). There was no significant relationship between MIS and echocardiographic findings in PD patients (P > 0.05). In the HD group, there was no significant relationship between MIS and echocardiographic findings (P > 0.05), except for aortic and mitral valve insufficiencies (P < 0.05). Conclusion: The findings of this study show 27.3% of HD patients had moderate to severe malnutrition. There was a statistically significant relationship between MIS index and aortic and mitral valve insufficiencies in HD patients