Incidência de excesso de peso corporal em crianças em idade escolar e sua relação com fatores pré-natais

Objective: To estimate the incidence of excess of body weight in the school period and explore possible association with prenatal factors. Methodology: An epidemiological study with a longitudinal design was carried out. All children from the first to the fifth grade of elementary school, aged between seven and 10 years old, enrolled in public and private schools and from families residing in Palhoça City, Santa Catarina State, who had participated in the previous stage of the study in 2015, were included. To obtain the BMI, weight and height were collected in schools. Data related to the prenatal period were obtained with interviews with mothers or guardians, at home. The analyses were performed using Poisson Regression with a robust estimator. Statistically significant variables and those with p ≤ 0.25 in the bivariate analysis were included in the multivariate. Results: 228 students were included. The incidence rate of excess weight was 19.3%, with 17.1% being overweight and 2.2% being obese. The results of the multivariate analysis showed that students who were born with Apgar in the first minute ≤ 7 had a statistically significant risk and 34% higher relative risk of developing excess weight in the school period. Conclusion: The incidence of overweight was 19.3%. Prenatal factors were not associated with incidence, except for a low Apgar score in the first minute.Objetivo: Estimar a incidência de excesso de peso corporal no período escolar e a associação com fatores pré-natais. Métodos: Estudo epidemiológico de delineamento longitudinal. Incluídas crianças com 10 anos matriculadas em escolas públicas e privadas e de famílias residentes em Palhoça/SC participantes da pesquisa em 2015. Para o índice de massa corporal, coletaram-se peso e estatura. Dados do período pré-natal foram obtidos em entrevistas com as mães ou responsáveis. As análises ocorreram por regressão de Poisson com estimador robusto. As variáveis estatisticamente significativas e aquelas com p ≤ 0,25 na análise bivariada foram incluídas na multivariada. Resultados: Foram incluídos 228 escolares. A taxa de incidência de excesso de peso foi de 19,3% — 17,1% de sobrepeso e 2,2% de obesidade. Os resultados da análise multivariada mostraram que escolares que nasceram com Apgar no primeiro minuto ≤ 7 apresentaram risco relativo estatisticamente significativo e independente 34% maior de desenvolver excesso de peso no período escolar. Conclusão: A incidência de excesso de peso foi de 19,3%. Fatores pré-natais não se mostraram associados à incidência, com exceção de baixo Apgar no primeiro minuto

Temporal analysis of the relationship between leptospirosis, rainfall levels and seasonality, Santa Catarina, Brazil, 2005-2015

The objective of the study is to analyze the temporal trend of leptospirosis incidence, according to rainfall levels in Santa Catarina, according to seasonality, from 2005 to 2015. This is an ecological study of time series, with date of leptospirosis, rainfall levels and population. The incidence rates of leptospirosis, relative excess of incidence, Pearson’s correlation coefficient (r) and an angular coefficient (β) were analyzed from the linear regression adjustment, with a 5% significance level. Distribution of leptospirosis cases, rainfall levels and cases reason/rainfall levels, stratified by month of occurrence were presented. There were 5,274 cases of leptospirosis, with the monthly average being 439 cases, ranging from 211 in September to 770 in January. The mean rate of leptospirosis was 7.03 per 100,000 habitants. The average rainfall level was 158.68 mm, with the lowest levels occurring in August, average of 124.9 mm, and the highest in January average of 213.20 mm. The positive correlation between leptospirosis rates and rainfall levels, during the period from January to December (r = 0.68, p = 0.023), indicates a positive temporal association between the amount of rainfall and the cases of the disease. The disease occurred all year round and presented a distinct seasonality from October to March

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Temporal analysis of leptospirosis incidence according to rainfall levels

The aim of this study was to analyze the temporal trend of leptospirosis incidence according to rainfall levels in Santa Catarina State between 2005 and 2015. This is an ecological time-series study involving data on leptospirosis incidence and rainfall indexes in Santa Catarina State Health Regions. The distribution of leptospirosis, rainfall indexes, and cases/rainfall ratios, according to seasonality and stratified by Health Regions, were evaluated. There were 5,274 cases, with an average rate of 7.03 cases/100,000 inhabitants per year, varying from 24 to 1,458 cases (Serra Catarinense and Northeast regions, respectively) in Santa Catarina, revealing an increase in the rates of 0.70 cases/100,000 inhabitants in Serra Catarinense and 13.99 cases/100,000 inhabitants in the Northeast. Four regions (Foz do Rio Itajaí, Médio Vale do Itajaí, Grande Florianópolis and Northeast) were responsible for 71.8% of the cases, particularly in the Northeast region (38.5%). The five regions with the highest rates presented greater risk of leptospirosis (RR > 1), ranging from 10.9 to 19.9 more new cases of the disease. The average rainfall volume for Santa Catarina State was 158.69 mm, ranging from 136.44 mm in Laguna to 186.81 mm in the Northeast. The five regions contributed with 32.8% of the rainfall index accumulated in the period. In conclusion, leptospirosis occurred all around Santa Catarina State, differing its temporal trend according to the Health Regions. The aim of this study was to analyze the temporal trend of leptospirosis incidence according to rainfall levels in Santa Catarina State between 2005 and 2015. This is an ecological time-series study involving data on leptospirosis incidence and rainfall indexes in Santa Catarina State Health Regions. The distribution of leptospirosis, rainfall indexes, and cases/rainfall ratios, according to seasonality and stratified by Health Regions, were evaluated. There were 5,274 cases, with an average rate of 7.03 cases/100,000 inhabitants per year, varying from 24 to 1,458 cases (Serra Catarinense and Northeast regions, respectively) in Santa Catarina, revealing an increase in the rates of 0.70 cases/100,000 inhabitants in Serra Catarinense and 13.99 cases/100,000 inhabitants in the Northeast. Four regions (Foz do Rio Itajaí, Médio Vale do Itajaí, Grande Florianópolis and Northeast) were responsible for 71.8% of the cases, particularly in the Northeast region (38.5%). The five regions with the highest rates presented greater risk of leptospirosis (RR > 1), ranging from 10.9 to 19.9 more new cases of the disease. The average rainfall volume for Santa Catarina State was 158.69 mm, ranging from 136.44 mm in Laguna to 186.81 mm in the Northeast. The five regions contributed with 32.8% of the rainfall index accumulated in the period. In conclusion, leptospirosis occurred all around Santa Catarina State, differing its temporal trend according to the Health Regions

Atividade física e qualidade de vida nos estudantes de medicina

Introdução: Qualidade de vida é um tema amplamente discutido no meio científico nos últimos anos. A Atividade Física melhora a qualidade de vidadas pessoas em geral. As exigências do ensino do curso de medicina podem interferir nos hábitos de vida saudáveis e na qualidade de vida dos alunos. Objetivo: Analisar a associação entre o padrão de atividade física e a qualidade de vida nos estudantes do curso de Medicina de Santa Catarina/Brasil. Métodos: Estudo transversal, realizado na Universidade do Sul de Santa Catarina (UNISUL), com alunos do 1º e 6º ano do curso de Medicina. Os dados foram colhidos de março-junho/2014, utilizado o instrumento WHOQOL-bref e o Questionário Internacional de Atividade Física - versão curta. Para a análise de dados utilizouse o programa SPSS-18.0, Teste qui-quadrado, ANOVA e comparação de médias pelo Test t Student, valor de p < 0,05 e intervalo de confiança de 95%. Projeto aprovado pelo Comitê de Ética em Pesquisa envolvendo seres humanos da UNISUL. Resultados:Participaram do estudo 119 estudantes, 72,3% do sexo feminino, entre 17 e 34 anos, 87,4% solteiros. Na atividade física, 36,1% ativos e 34,5% irregularmente ativos. Melhor média de qualidade de vida no domínio Relações Sociais (60,4) e pior no Psicológico (63,8). Estudantes do último ano tiveram melhor qualidade de vida no domínio Meio Ambiente (p = 0,035). Os Muito Ativos tiveram melhores escores de qualidade de vida em todos os domínios. Os sedentários apresentaram a menor média de qualidade de vida no domínio Relações Sociais (63,3). Conclusão: Ao associar o padrão de atividade física com os domínios de qualidade de vida, destacase que os indivíduos classificados como “Muito Ativos” apresentaram maiores médias de escores de qualidade de vida em todos os domínios.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Tendência temporal da incidência por leptospirose e a sua relação com os níveis pluviométricos na população do estado de Santa Catarina no período de 2005 a 2015

Leptospirosis is a zoonosis of worldwide occurrence, with a large distribution and significant social, economic and health impact, high incidence and significant percentage of hospitalizations, and complementary, high lethality. Objective: To analyze the temporal trend of the incidence of leptospirosis according to the rainfall indices in the State of Santa Catarina, according to seasonality, from 2005 to 2015. Methods: Ecological study of time series, considering the prevalence of leptospirosis, rainfall indices and the demographic density, between 01/01/2005 and 12/31/2015. The information was obtained from the DATASUS, ANA/CIRAM and IBGE databases. Leptospirosis incidence rates, relative incidence excess, Pearson correlation coefficient, angular coefficient from the linear regression adjustment, and the significance level of 5%, were performed. The distribution of leptospirosis cases, rainfall indexes, rainfall cases / index ratios, stratified by month of occurrence was presented. Results: There were 5,274 cases of leptospirosis, with an annual average of 479 cases, ranging from 341 (2013) to 982 (2008). The monthly average in the period was 439 cases, ranging from 211 in August to 770 in January. The mean rate of leptospirosis in the period was 7.03 cases per 100 thousand habitants. The average rainfall index for the period was 158.68 mm, varying from 111.46 mm (2006) to 196.97 mm (2015). The lowest indexes were detected in August, with a mean of 124.9mm, the highest occurring in January, with a mean of 213,20mm. A positive correlation between leptospirosis rates and rainfall levels over the period from January to December (r = 0.68, p = 0.023) points to a positive temporal association between rainfall and disease cases. Conclusion: The disease occurred throughout the year and presented a clear seasonality. The highest pluviometric indexes occurred in the months of October to March. The analysis of the temporal trend of the incidence of leptospirosis in the State of Santa Catarina verified that the disease acquires an epidemic character, associated to the period of greatest rainfall.A leptospirose é uma zoonose de ocorrência mundial, com ampla distribuição e significativo impacto social, econômico e sanitário, alta incidência, com percentual significativo de internações, e alta letalidade. Objetivo: Analisar a tendência temporal da incidência de leptospirose, de acordo com os índices pluviométricos no Estado de Santa Catarina, conforme a sazonalidade, no período de 2005 a 2015. Métodos: Estudo ecológico de séries temporais, com dados sobre leptospirose, índices pluviométricos e a população do Estado, entre 01/01/2005 e 31/12/2015. As informações foram obtidas dos bancos de dados do DATASUS, ANA/CIRAM e IBGE. Analisadas as taxas de incidência de leptospirose, o excesso relativo da incidência, o coeficiente de correlação de Pearson (r), o coeficiente angular (β), a partir do ajuste da regressão linear, e o nível de significância de 5% (p<0,05). Foi apresentada a distribuição dos casos de leptospirose, dos índices pluviométricos, da razão casos/índices pluviométricos, estratificados por mês de ocorrência. Resultados: Foram registrados 5.274 casos de leptospirose, com média anual de 479 casos, variando de 341(2013) a 982 (2008). A média mensal no período foi de 439 casos, com variação de 211, nos meses de agosto, a 770, nos meses de janeiro. A taxa média de leptospirose no período foi de 7,03 casos por 100 mil habitantes. O índice pluviométrico médio para o período foi de 158,68 mm, tendo variado de 111,46 mm (2006) a 196,97 mm (2015). Os índices mais baixos foram detectados nos meses de agosto, com média de 124,9 mm, os mais elevados ocorreram nos meses de janeiro, com média de 213,20 mm. Uma correlação positiva entre as taxas de leptospirose e os níveis pluviométricos, ao longo do período, janeiro a dezembro (r=0,68; p=0,023), aponta para uma associação temporal positiva entre quantidade de chuva e casos de doença. Conclusão: A doença ocorreu o ano todo e apresentou nítida sazonalidade. Os maiores índices pluviométricos ocorreram nos meses de outubro a março. A análise da tendência temporal da incidência de leptospirose no Estado de Santa Catarina verificou que a doença adquire um caráter epidêmico, no período de maior pluviosidade

Relação entre excesso de peso aos 6 anos de idade e condições socioeconômicas ao nascimento, amamentação, práticas iniciais de alimentação e peso ao nascer

Introdução: O excesso de peso é considerado um dos problemas de saúde pública mais graves do século XXI e uma das principais causas de morbidade e de mortalidade. Objetivo: Analisar a relação entre excesso de peso aos 6 anos de idade e condições socioeconômicas ao nascimento, amamentação, práticas iniciais de alimentação e peso ao nascer. Métodos: Foi realizado um estudo transversal, envolvendo 473 escolares de 6 anos de idade de escolas públicas e privadas, residentes em um município do sul do Brasil. Dados sócio-demográficos e referentes à amamentação e outras práticas iniciais de alimentação foram obtidos por meio de entrevistas com as mães nos domicílios. O peso ao nascer e a idade gestacional foram obtidos por meio de consulta à carteira de saúde. Dados antropométricos dos escolares foram coletados em visitas às escolas. Foram realizadas análises bivariadas e multivariada por meio da Regressão de Poisson entre as variáveis independentes e o excesso de peso. Resultados: A prevalência de excesso de peso foi de 33,2%; 83,2% das crianças foram amamentadas e desses, 48,4% tiveram amamentação exclusiva nos primeiros seis meses. Crianças não amamentadas apresentaram prevalência 20% maior (RP= 1,20; IC 95% 1,13; 1,28) de excesso de peso. Crianças com amamentação exclusiva por seis meses apresentaram menor prevalência de excesso de peso (RP= 0,94; IC 95% 0,89; 0,99). Conclusão: O aleitamento materno neste estudo mostrou-se como um fator protetor para o excesso de peso.Introduction: Overweight is considered one of the most serious public health problems of the 21st century and a major cause of morbidity and mortality. Objective: To analyze the relationship between overweight at 6 years of age and socioeconomic conditions at birth, breastfeeding, early feeding practices and birth weight. Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out involving 473 6-year-old students from public and private schools living in a municipality in southern Brazil. Sociodemographic and breastfeeding data and other initial feeding practices were obtained through interviews with the mothers at home. Birth weight and gestational age were obtained by consulting the child's health card. Anthropometric data of the students were collected during school visits. Bivariate and multivariate analyzes were performed by Poisson Regression between the independent variables and overweight. Results: The prevalence of overweight was 33.2%; 83.2% of the children were breastfed and of these, 48.4% had exclusive breastfeeding in the first six months. Non-breastfed children had a 20% higher prevalence (PR = 1.20; 95% CI 1.13; 1.28) of overweight. Children with exclusive breastfeeding for six months had a lower prevalence of overweight (PR = 0.94; 95% CI 0.89; 0.99). Conclusion: Breastfeeding in this study showed to be a protective factor for overweight

Transcultural adaptation and validation of the Tilburg Pregnancy Distress Scale (TPDS) in the Brazilian cultural context

Objective The purpose of this study was to perform the translation, cross-cultural adaptation and vali- dation of the Tilburg Pregnancy Distress Scale (TPDS) in the Brazilian cultural context and to verify its psychometric properties. Design Cross-cultural adaptation and validation of a distress scale. Setting The study was carried out in a prenatal clinic of a reference maternity hospital in southern Brazil. Participants 160 childbearing women. Methods The adaptation of the TPDS to the Portuguese language in its Brazilian version met the methodological criteria proposed by the International Society for Pharmacoeconomics and Outcomes Re- search. To validate the proposed Brazilian version, the questionnaire was applied to 160 childbearing women from the prenatal clinic of a reference maternity hospital in southern Brazil on two occasions be- tween February and May 2018. The stability of the instrument, its internal consistency through Cronbach’s alpha and the construct validity were all evaluated through exploratory factorial analysis. The extraction of main components by rotation of Varimax enabled definition of the communalities of the items of the proposed Brazilian version. The study was approved by the local Ethics Committee. Findings The test-retest technique demonstrated strong stability, with a Pearson correlation coefficient of 0.93 ( p 0.44 populations in the factorial anal- ysis. Through the method of extracting components, three domains were obtained among the 16 issues of the proposed tool: (1) affection and involvement of the partner, (2) feelings about childbirth and (3) feelings about the future. Key Conclusions The proposed Brazilian version of the Tilburg Pregnancy Distress Scale to evaluate stress and anxiety in pregnancy maintained the original context of the instrument while adding features specific to Brazilian reality. Implications for Practice This is an easily understood scale that is reliable, valid and adequate to the Brazilian social context; it will aid in the assessment of anxiety and stress in childbearing women during prenatal care.Objective The purpose of this study was to perform the translation, cross-cultural adaptation and vali- dation of the Tilburg Pregnancy Distress Scale (TPDS) in the Brazilian cultural context and to verify its psychometric properties. Design Cross-cultural adaptation and validation of a distress scale. Setting The study was carried out in a prenatal clinic of a reference maternity hospital in southern Brazil. Participants 160 childbearing women. Methods The adaptation of the TPDS to the Portuguese language in its Brazilian version met the methodological criteria proposed by the International Society for Pharmacoeconomics and Outcomes Re- search. To validate the proposed Brazilian version, the questionnaire was applied to 160 childbearing women from the prenatal clinic of a reference maternity hospital in southern Brazil on two occasions be- tween February and May 2018. The stability of the instrument, its internal consistency through Cronbach’s alpha and the construct validity were all evaluated through exploratory factorial analysis. The extraction of main components by rotation of Varimax enabled definition of the communalities of the items of the proposed Brazilian version. The study was approved by the local Ethics Committee. Findings The test-retest technique demonstrated strong stability, with a Pearson correlation coefficient of 0.93 ( p 0.44 populations in the factorial anal- ysis. Through the method of extracting components, three domains were obtained among the 16 issues of the proposed tool: (1) affection and involvement of the partner, (2) feelings about childbirth and (3) feelings about the future. Key Conclusions The proposed Brazilian version of the Tilburg Pregnancy Distress Scale to evaluate stress and anxiety in pregnancy maintained the original context of the instrument while adding features specific to Brazilian reality. Implications for Practice This is an easily understood scale that is reliable, valid and adequate to the Brazilian social context; it will aid in the assessment of anxiety and stress in childbearing women during prenatal care