Quadrature Phase Shift Keying (QPSK) Modulator Design using Multi-Port Network in Multilayer Microstrip-Slot Technology for Wireless Communication Applications

The design of the quadrature phase shift keying (QPSK) modulator by using a multi-port network is proposed in this article for the use in wireless communication applications. The multi-port network is in the form of multilayer microstrip-slot technology. This multi-port network is composed of three 3-dB rectangular-shaped directional couplers with virtual stubs and an equal power division divider with in-phase characteristic. The design is performed by applying a full-wave electromagnetic simulation software, CST Microwave Studio (CST MWS). Keysight’s Advanced Design System (ADS) is applied in analyzing and evaluating the QPSK constellation of the proposed modulator. This comparatively small size of proposed design has been fabricated, and its wideband performance of 2 to 6 GHz is verified

Optical characterization on ITO/TiO2/P3HT/Areca Catechu/au for thin film hybrid solar cell

In this research, dye sensitized solar cell is fabricated by a combination of inorganic titanium dioxide nanoparticles sensitized by a locally available natural dye extract from organic Areca Catechu nut. This hybrid solar cells are fabricated accordingly by deposition of ITO/TiO2/P3HT/Areca Catechu/Au by using electrochemical method. The deposition rates of TiO2 are varied from 0.05, 0.07, 0.09 to 0.11 vs-1 whereas the number of scan of each layers are fixed to 5. The absorption spectra analysis is carried out in the wavelength range 200 to 600 nm, showed a wide and significant absorption spectrum in UV and visible regions. Analysis shows that scan rate affects the electrical conductivity of hybrid solar cell. The highest conductivity is recorded at 0.278 Scm-1 corresponding to the scan rate of 0.07 Vs-1at a potential value of 3.5 V

Penggunaan Negosiasi Makna dalam Wacana Lisan Guru dan Pengaruhnya terhadap Pemahaman Siswa Kelas IV Sekolah Dasar

This study aimed to describe the shape and type of negotiation of meaning and the frequency of the use of negotiation of meaning that teachers do in their lessons in the fourth grade. Moreover, it also aims to determine the effect of negotiation of meaning to the understanding of fourth grade students. This type of research is descriptive, because it describes the phenomena deslriptif shape and function of the use of negotiation of meaning as it is. The instrument used in this study are guidelines for observation, interview and test. The main instrument in this study is the researchers themselves who aided and supported by the other instruments. In the qualitative method, using observation sheet instruments and guidelines for the interview. Researchers used data collection techniques such as observation sheets, interview and test. The results showed that There are nine forms of negotiation of meaning. The form of negotiations that meaning is, ask questions inducement, explain, repeat, evaluating, defining, affirmation, outlines, and respond. There are nine functions Function negotiation negotiation of meaning that meaning is, requests for clarification, confirmation, confirmation check, repair or correction of its own, expansion, demand explanations, clarifications reply, reply confirmation, and reply as an answer. Frequency negotiation of meaning that most often appears on learning is a check confirmation. more often negotiate meaning it appears, increasing student understanding.Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan bentuk dan jenis negosiasi makna dan frekuensi penggunaan negosiasi makna yang dilakukan guru dalam pembelajaran yang dilakukan di kelas IV SD. Selain itu, untuk mengetahui pengaruh negosiasi makna terhadap pemahaman siswa kelas IV SD. Jenis penelitian ini adalah deskriptif karena memaparkan fenomena bentuk dan fungsi penggunaan negosiasi makna secara apa adanya. Instrumen yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah pedoman observasi, pedoman wawancara, dan tes. Instrumen utama dalam penelitian ini adalah peneliti sendiri yang dibantu dan didukung oleh instrumen lainnya. Pada metode kualitatif, menggunakan instrumen lembar observasi dan pedoman wawancara. Peneliti menggunakan teknik pengumpulan data berupa lembar observasi, pedoman wawancara, dan tes. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat sembilan bentuk negosiasi makna. Bentuk negosiasi makna tersebut adalah, bertanya, pertanyaan pancingan, menjelaskan, mengulang, melakukan evaluasi, mendefinisikan, penegasan, menguraikan, dan menanggapi. Terdapat sembilan fungsi negosiasi makna, yaitu permintaan klarifikasi, konfirmasi, cek konfirmasi, perbaikan atau dikoreksi sendiri, perluasan, permintaan penjelasan, membalas klarifikasi, membalas konfirmasi, dan membalas sebagai jawaban. Frekuensi negosiasi makna yang paling sering muncul pada pembelajaran adalah cek konfirmasi. semakin sering negosiasi makna itu muncul, pemahaman siswa semakin meningkat

Thermal stability and compression strength of rigid polyurethane/kenaf fibre biocomposite foam

Rigid palm oil-based polyurethane/kenaf fibre biocomposite foams were prepared at various amounts of kenaf fibre (i.e. 2.5, 5.0, 7.5, 10.0 and 12.5 pphp). Effects of kenaf fibre (KF) loadings on thermal stabilities and compressive strength were investigated. The peaks detected by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) at 3,310 cm-1 (OH stretching), 1,533 cm-1 (NH bending) and 1,510 cm-1 (CN stretching) had proved the formation of urethane linkages in the system. Results from thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) showed that the thermal stabilities of biocomposite foams were higher than that of control PU foam. Higher KF contents resulted in agglomeration of which reduced the rate of heat transfer throughout the system. The presence of intrahydrogen bonds in agglomerated KF caused more heat needs to break the bonds, thus increasing the thermal stabilities. Consequently, the agglomeration of KF created stress concentration, which reduced the compression strength of the foams with respect to the control PU foam. The presence of intra-hydrogen bonding in PU chains had surpassed the agglomeration effect, thus causing just a small reduction percentage. The foams have potentials to be used in non-load bearing applications such as insulators and wall panels

Wujud Pengakuan Adanya Norma-norma Mutlak dari Tuhan dalam Kumpulan Cerpen Lukisan Kaligrafi Karya A. Mustofa Bisri

Characters in the short story is the bearer of the mandate want delivered author. From the collection of short stories "Lukisan Kaligrafi", transcendental attitude as the implications of believing in God is reflected from the recognition of the existence of absolute norms of the God by the characters in the stories. These norms are divided into (a) taubatan nasuha (repentance undertaken on the awareness deepest heart with a determination not to repeat the sin), (b) wara' (away or leave everything unclear about the haram and halal), and (c) ridha or rida (accept what has been decreed by God, either painful or pleasant).Tokoh dalam cerpen merupakan pengemban amanat yang ingin disampaikan pengarang. Dari kumpulan cerpen Lukisan Kaligrafi, sikap transenden sebagai implikasi beriman kepada Tuhan tergambar dari pengakuan adanya norma-norma mutlak dari Tuhan oleh tokoh dalam cerita. Norma-norma tersebut terbagi menjadi (a) taubatan nasuha (tobat yang dilakukan atas kesadaran hati terdalam disertai tekad tidak mengulangi perbuatan dosa), (b) wara' (menjauhi atau meninggalkan segala hal yang belum jelas haram dan halalnya), dan (c) ridha atau rida (menerima apa saja yang telah ditetapkan Tuhan, baik yang menyusahkan maupun menyenangkan)

Modeling of the minimized two-phase flow frictional pressure drop in a small tube with different correlations

The major parameters of interest in heat transfer research are the refrigerant charge, pressure drop, and heat transfer capacity. Smaller channels reduce the refrigerant charge with higher heat transfer capability due to the increased in surface area to volume ratio but at the expense of a higher pressure drop. Differences between the predicted and experimental frictional pressure drop of two-phase flow in small tubes have frequently been discussed. Factors that could have contributed to that effect have been attributed to the correlations used to model the flow, some being modified from the originals developed for a macro system. Experimental test-rigs have varied in channel geometry, refrigerant type, and flow conditions. Thousands of data have been collected to find a common point among the differences. This paper reports an investigation of four different two-phase friction factor correlations used in the modeling of the frictional two-phase flow pressure drop of refrigerant R-22. One had been specifically developed for laminar flow in a smooth channel, another was modified from a laminar flow in a smooth pipe to be used for a rough channel, and two correlations are specific for turbulent flow that consider internal pipe surface roughness. Genetic algorithm, an optimization scheme, is used to search for the minimum friction factor and minimum frictional pressure drop under optimized conditions of the mass flux and vapor quality. The results show that a larger pressure drop does come with a smaller channel. A large discrepancy exists between the correlations investigated; between the ones that does not consider surface roughness and that which does, as well as between flow under laminar and turbulent flow conditions

Nonlinear screening and stopping power in two-dimensional electron gases

We have used density functional theory to study the nonlinear screening properties of a two-dimensional (2D) electron gas. In particular, we consider the screening of an external static point charge of magnitude Z as a function of the distance of the charge from the plane of the gas. The self-consistent screening potentials are then used to determine the 2D stopping power in the low velocity limit based on the momentum transfer cross-section. Calculations as a function of Z establish the limits of validity of linear and quadratic response theory calculations, and show that nonlinear screening theory already provides significant corrections in the case of protons. In contrast to the 3D situation, we find that the nonlinearly screened potential supports a bound state even in the high density limit. This behaviour is elucidated with the derivation of a high density screening theorem which proves that the screening charge can be calculated perturbatively in the high density limit for arbitrary dimensions. However, the theorem has particularly interesting implications in 2D where, contrary to expectations, we find that perturbation theory remains valid even when the perturbing potential supports bound states.Comment: 23 pages, 15 figures in RevTeX

Understanding media literacy in relation to adolescent soft drink consumption behavior

This paper examines relationship between media literacy and the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) variables focusing on consumption of soft drink among adolescents in Klang Valley, Malaysia. In addition, this paper also determines soft drink consumption, level of media literacy and the influences of the TPB variables on the intention of soft drink consumption. A cluster sampling method was used in collecting data within the Klang Valley area. The sample consisted of 436 adolescents from secondary school, aged between 13 to 18 years old. Two main scales utilized were Media Literacy (ML) scale and TPB scale. The descriptive, multiple linear regression and Pearson product-moment correlation analyses were carried out to answer the research objectives. Results revealed that 36% of respondents drank a minimum of 1 can, bottle or glass of soft drink for the past seven days and possess good level of media literacy (35%).Meanwhile, 14% of variance in adolescents’ intention of soft drink consumption is explained by TPB variables. Additionally, the total media literacy score towards soft drink advertisement was significantly positively correlated with attitude (r = 0.250, p<.05) and subjective norms (r = 0.174, p<.05). Conversely, total media literacy was significant negatively correlated with intention to consume soft drink (r = -0.19, p<.05) and indicated that media literacy could lower the intention to consume soft drink, thus can reduce soft drink consumption among adolescents. The importance of this study is to help the authorities, soft drink marketers and producers in Malaysia to better understand media literacy and adolescent soft drink consumption behavior

LES COMPLICATIONS DE LA MALADIE DE CROHN CONDUITE DIAGNOSTIQUE ET THERAPEUTIQUE EN URGENCE: COMPLICATIONS OF CROHN’S DISEASE DIAGNOSTIC AND THERAPEUTIC CONDUCT IN EMERGENCY

La maladie de Crohn (MC) est une maladie inflammatoire transmurale du tube digestif d’évolution chronique, d’étiologie probablement multifactorielle. Elle touche l’adulte jeune entre 30 et 40 ans. La localisation la plus fréquente est le grêle distale avec des formes grêliques pures dans 30 à 40% et des formes grêlo-coliques dans 20 à 30%, la maladie de Crohn se traduit par des douleurs abdominales et des diarrhées qui peuvent persister plusieurs semaines. L’iléo-coloscopie avec biopsies est primordiale pour confirmer son diagnostic. Le traitement doit toujours être médical en dehors des situations d’urgences qui peuvent imposer des gestes chirurgicaux : drainage d’abcès, traitement des occlusions et des péritonites, La place de la laparoscopie dans la maladie de Crohn est faisable mais les résultats dépendent de l’expérience de l’opérateur.AbstractCrohn's disease (CD) is a chronic transmural inflammatory disease of the digestive tract, probably of multifactorial etiology. It affects young adults between the ages of 30 and 40. The most frequent localization is the distal hail with pure hail forms in 30 to 40% and hail-colonic forms in 20 to 30%. Crohn's disease results in abdominal pain and diarrhea which can persist for several weeks. Ileo-colonoscopy with biopsies is essential to confirm its diagnosis. The treatment must always be medical apart from emergency situations which may require surgery: abscess drainage, treatment of occlusions and peritonitis, the place of laparoscopy in Crohn's disease is feasible but the results depend on the operator’s experience.Keywords: Crohn's disease, Complications, Ileocecal resection, Recurrence. &nbsp