Étude du lien entre les déterminants psychosociaux et cognitifs et les comportements de contrôle intrusifs des mères adolescentes envers leur enfant d'âge préscolaire

Thèse diffusée initialement dans le cadre d'un projet pilote des Presses de l'Université de Montréal/Centre d'édition numérique UdeM (1997-2008) avec l'autorisation de l'auteur

Health and Well-being

Non peer reviewe

Cumulative contexts of vulnerability to intimate partner violence among women with disabilities, elderly women, and immigrant women: Prevalence, risk factors, explanatory theories, and prevention

Some groups of women are more vulnerable to intimate partner violence (IPV) due to particular risks and/or experiences: women with disabilities, elderly women, and immigrant women (DEI). Too often, their reality goes unnoticed, especially for those belonging to more than one of these groups. In this literature review, researchers used an intersectional approach to document the similarities and differences in how DEI women experience IPV, in terms of forms and consequences, as well as related risk factors, explanatory theories, and prevention strategies. Researchers selected 56 articles for review based on the following inclusion criteria: studies on adults living in a situation of IPV, studies on one of the three demographics under study (DEI), studies about one or multiple research questions, and studies based on empirical data relying on research methodology in either French or English. Researchers evaluated each selected article for its quality according to a chart that was specially developed for this review. The results highlight existing “intersections” between these groups to help understand the influence of belonging to more than one vulnerability group on these women’s experiences with IPV. The importance to better training social workers and developing policies and programs that target the social determinants of health to prevent IPV experienced by DEI is also discussed

Comment qualifier les relations entre les médias sociaux et les processus de radicalisation menant à la violence ?

Les médias sociaux conduisent-ils les individus vulnérables à recourir à la violence ? Beaucoup de gens croient que c’est le cas. Et les États ré¬pondent par la censure en ligne, la surveillance et le contre-discours. Mais que savons-nous vrai¬ment des liens entre Internet et violence, et que savons-nous de l’impact des réseaux sociaux sur les phénomènes de radicalisation ? Partout dans le monde, les gouvernements et les sociétés Internet prennent des décisions sur la base de suppositions sur les causes et les remèdes face au terrorisme. Le défi sociétal est grand de comprendre ces liens. La nécessité d’une politique fondée sur des faits et des preuves, et non fondée sur des intui¬tions – ou poussée par la panique et la peur – est essentielle. C’est dans ce contexte que l’UNESCO a commandé l’étude intitulée Médias sociaux et radicalisation de la jeunesse à l’ère numérique. Ce travail fournit une cartographie globale de la recherche sur les rôles supposés des médias sociaux dans les processus de radicalisation violents, particulièrement en ce qui concerne les jeunes et les femmes.Does social media lead vulnerable individuals to resort to violence ? Many people believe it does. And they respond with online censorship, surveil¬lance and counter-speech. But what do we really know about the Internet as a cause, and what do we know about the impact of these reactions ? All over the world, governments and Internet companies are making decisions on the basis of assumptions about the causes and remedies to violent attacks. The challenge is for analysis and responses to be firmly grounded. The need is for policy that is constructed on the basis of facts and evidence, and not founded on hunches – or driven by panic and fearmongering. It is in this context that UNESCO has commissioned the study titled Social Media and Radicalization of Youth in the Digital Age. This work provides a global mapping of research into the assumed roles played by social media in violent radicalization processes, especially as they affect youth and women

Effectiveness of Mechanisms and Models of Coordination between Organizations, Agencies and Bodies Providing or Financing Health Services in Humanitarian Crises: A Systematic Review.

BACKGROUND: Effective coordination between organizations, agencies and bodies providing or financing health services in humanitarian crises is required to ensure efficiency of services, avoid duplication, and improve equity. The objective of this review was to assess how, during and after humanitarian crises, different mechanisms and models of coordination between organizations, agencies and bodies providing or financing health services compare in terms of access to health services and health outcomes. METHODS: We registered a protocol for this review in PROSPERO International prospective register of systematic reviews under number PROSPERO2014:CRD42014009267. Eligible studies included randomized and nonrandomized designs, process evaluations and qualitative methods. We electronically searched Medline, PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, CINAHL, PsycINFO, and the WHO Global Health Library and websites of relevant organizations. We followed standard systematic review methodology for the selection, data abstraction, and risk of bias assessment. We assessed the quality of evidence using the GRADE approach. RESULTS: Of 14,309 identified citations from databases and organizations' websites, we identified four eligible studies. Two studies used mixed-methods, one used quantitative methods, and one used qualitative methods. The available evidence suggests that information coordination between bodies providing health services in humanitarian crises settings may be effective in improving health systems inputs. There is additional evidence suggesting that management/directive coordination such as the cluster model may improve health system inputs in addition to access to health services. None of the included studies assessed coordination through common representation and framework coordination. The evidence was judged to be of very low quality. CONCLUSION: This systematic review provides evidence of possible effectiveness of information coordination and management/directive coordination between organizations, agencies and bodies providing or financing health services in humanitarian crises. Our findings can inform the research agenda and highlight the need for improving conduct and reporting of research in this field

Artificial intelligence in andrology: From Semen Analysis to Image Diagnostics

Artificial intelligence (AI) in medicine has gained a lot of momentum in the last decades and has been applied to various fields of medicine. Advances in computer science, medical informatics, robotics, and the need for personalized medicine have facilitated the role of AI in modern healthcare. Similarly, as in other fields, AI applications, such as machine learning, artificial neural networks, and deep learning, have shown great potential in andrology and reproductive medicine. AI-based tools are poised to become valuable assets with abilities to support and aid in diagnosing and treating male infertility, and in improving the accuracy of patient care. These automated, AI-based predictions may offer consistency and efficiency in terms of time and cost in infertility research and clinical management. In andrology and reproductive medicine, AI has been used for objective sperm, oocyte, and embryo selection, prediction of surgical outcomes, cost-effective assessment, development of robotic surgery, and clinical decision-making systems. In the future, better integration and implementation of AI into medicine will undoubtedly lead to pioneering evidence-based breakthroughs and the reshaping of andrology and reproductive medicine