iSEA: IoT-based smartphone energy assistant for prompting energy-aware behaviors in commercial buildings

Providing personalized energy-use information to individual occupants enables the adoption of energy-aware behaviors in commercial buildings. However, the implementation of individualized feedback still remains challenging due to the difficulties in collecting personalized data, tracking personal behaviors, and delivering personalized tailored information to individual occupants. Nowadays, the Internet of Things (IoT) technologies are used in a variety of applications including real-time monitoring, control, and decision-making due to the flexibility of these technologies for fusing different data streams. In this paper, we propose a novel IoT-based smartphone energy assistant (iSEA) framework which prompts energy-aware behaviors in commercial buildings. iSEA tracks individual occupants through tracking their smartphones, uses a deep learning approach to identify their energy usage, and delivers personalized tailored feedback to impact their usage. iSEA particularly uses an energy-use efficiency index (EEI) to understand behaviors and categorize them into efficient and inefficient behaviors. The iSEA architecture includes four layers: physical, cloud, service, and communication. The results of implementing iSEA in a commercial building with ten occupants over a twelve-week duration demonstrate the validity of this approach in enhancing individualized energy-use behaviors. An average of 34% energy savings was measured by tracking occupants’ EEI by the end of the experimental period. In addition, the results demonstrate that commercial building occupants often ignore controlling over lighting systems at their departure events that leads to wasting energy during non-working hours. By utilizing the existing IoT devices in commercial buildings, iSEA significantly contributes to support research efforts into sensing and enhancing energy-aware behaviors at minimal costs

An Examination of the Relationship Between Perfectionism and Self-esteem in a Sample of Student Athletes

AbstractTo examine the relationship between Perfectionism and self-esteem in a sample of athletes, 56 students (33 males, 23 females) from the University of Tehran were included in this study. All participants were asked to complete Farsi version of the Positive and Negativ Perfectionism Scale (FPANPS) and Coopersmith Self-esteem Inventory (SEI). The results showed that positive Perfectionism was positively associated with self-esteem and negative Perfectionism was negatively associated with self-esteem. Positive Perfectionism is supposed to increase level of self-esteem through enhancement of “self-competence” and “selfacceptance”.aonversely negative Perfectionism is supposed to decrease level of self-esteem through reducing “self-competence” and “self-accepatnce”, as well as developing or intensify psychological disorders such as depression, anxiety, and personality or interpersonal problems

Assessment of check dams’ role in flood hazard mapping in a semi-arid environment

This study aimed to examine flood hazard zoning and assess the role of check dams as effective hydraulic structures in reducing flood hazards. To this end, factors associated with topographic, hydrologic and human characteristics were used to develop indices for flood mapping and assessment. These indices and their components were weighed for flood hazard zoning using two methods: (i) a multi-criterion decision-making model in fuzzy logic and (ii) entropy weight. After preparing the flood hazard map by using the above indices and methods, the characteristics of the change‐point were used to assess the role of the check dams in reducing flood risk. The method was used in the Ilanlu catchment, located in the northwest of Hamadan province, Iran, where it is prone to frequent flood events. The results showed that the area of ‘very low’, ‘low’ and ‘moderate’ flood hazard zones increased from about 2.2% to 7.3%, 8.6% to 19.6% and 22.7% to 31.2% after the construction of check dams, respectively. Moreover, the area of ‘high’ and ‘very high’ flood hazard zones decreased from 39.8% to 29.6%, and 26.7% to 12.2%, respectively

A Histological Comparison of a New Pulp Capping Material and Mineral Trioxide Aggregate in Rat Molars

Introduction: Recent investigations have attempted to improve regenerative endodontics with the help of stem cell therapy. In vitro studies have shown the ability of different agents to stimulate the differentiation of dental pulp stem cells (DPSC) into odontoblast-like cells. A combination of dexamethasone, β-glycerophosphate and Vitamin D has been proven to induce a successful differentiation. The aim of this animal study was to evaluate the effect of this combination, named odontoblastic differentiating material (ODM), on pulp tissue when used as a capping material. Materials and Methods: Sixty maxillary right and left molars of 30 Sprague-dawley rats were selected for this study. The teeth were exposed under sterile condition. Half of the teeth were capped with mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) and the other half with ODM. All cavities were restored with glass ionomer. The rats were sacrificed at post-operative intervals of 2 weeks and 2 months. Samples were histologically evaluated for the degree of inflammation and reparative dentin formation. Finally the data was analyzed with Mann-Whitney and Chi-Square tests. Results: Reparative dentin formed in all groups within both time periods and there was no statistically significant difference between the groups in the mentioned time periods. The MTA group, however, showed a statistically significant reduction in inflammation at both time intervals (P<0.05). Compared to MTA, ODM samples showed a greater amount of inflammation in the pulp tissue. Conclusion: ODM, as a pulp capping material, can induce dentinal bridge formation

The Necessity of the Poem in Razi Astarabadi's Opinion in Sharheh Kafieh

Sometimes, a poet has to ignore language rules, the poem, and its structure to maintain the meter and beauty of the poem. This ineluctability or the poet's authority is called "the necessity of the poem". Razi Astarabadi is one of the most famous scientists that has endeavored in researching about necessity of poem. This article tries to determine Razi's opinion in the book "Sharheh Alkafieh" according to a descriptive-analysis method. In his opinion, ignoring language rules and the poem is allowable. This, is not only related to the poem, but also to Vessals, anecdotes, and Arab words. It means that poets, writers, and speakers, by the use of changing, increasing, or decreasing words and not observing the rules of the language and the poem, maintain the beauty of meter in some cases. Razi illustrates the necessity of the poem from the poets and interprets them accurately. Sometimes, a poet has to ignore language rules, the poem, and its structure to maintain the meter and beauty of the poem. This ineluctability or the poet's authority is called "the necessity of the poem". Razi Astarabadi is one of the most famous scientists that has endeavored in researching about necessity of poem. This article tries to determine Razi's opinion in the book "Sharheh Alkafieh" according to a descriptive-analysis method. In his opinion, ignoring language rules and the poem is allowable. This, is not only related to the poem, but also to Vessals, anecdotes, and Arab words. It means that poets, writers, and speakers, by the use of changing, increasing, or decreasing words and not observing the rules of the language and the poem, maintain the beauty of meter in some cases. Razi illustrates the necessity of the poem from the poets and interprets them accurately

Measuring 3D indoor air velocity via an inexpensive low-power ultrasonic anemometer

The ability to inexpensively monitor indoor air speed and direction on a continuous basis would transform the control of environmental quality and energy use in buildings. Air motion transports energy, ventilation air, and pollutants around building interiors and their occupants, and measured feedback about it could be used in numerous ways to improve building operation. However indoor air movement is rarely monitored because of the expense and fragility of sensors. This paper describes a unique anemometer developed by the authors, that measures 3-dimensional air velocity for indoor environmental applications, leveraging new microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) technology for ultrasonic range-finding. The anemometer uses a tetrahedral arrangement of four transceivers, the smallest number able to capture a 3-dimensional flow, that provides greater measurement redundancy than in existing anemometry. We describe the theory, hardware, and software of the anemometer, including algorithms that detect and eliminate shielding errors caused by the wakes from anemometer support struts. The anemometer has a resolution and starting threshold of 0.01 m/s, an absolute air speed error of 0.05 m/s at a given orientation with minimal filtering, 3.1° angle- and 0.11 m/s velocity errors over 360° azimuthal rotation, and 3.5° angle- and 0.07 m/s velocity errors over 135° vertical declination. It includes radio connection to internet and is able to operate standalone for multiple years on a standard battery. The anemometer also measures temperature and has a compass and tilt sensor so that flow direction is globally referenced regardless of anemometer orientation. The retail cost of parts is $100 USD, and all parts snap together for ease of assembly

Living unrelated kidney donor transplantation in Iran

In the September and November 2006 issues of Nature Clinical Practice Nephrology, two articles regarding living unrelated kidney donor transplantation alluded to the practices in Iran. Having served in the planning, supervision and implementation of various aspects of health care in Iran, including organ transplantation (ANH), and as transplant nephrologists who have actively participated in the care of transplanted patients in Iran (ANH and NG), we feel obligated to elucidate the realities surrounding organ transplantation in Iran. So that unbiased researchers are provided with information to judge for themselves

A comparative study of the Function of letters in producing New type of poems in Arabic and Persian

1.Introduction Arabic literature in the Mamluk-Ottoman era saw new varieties of poetry whose letters (as the smallest linguistic unit) played an important role in their production. Some of these new forms and forms include: chronogram, verse riddles and puzzles, geometric poetry, poetry whit dotted or un dotted letters, Circumlocution (mahbuk-altarafen), tatriz poetic prose, tashjir (tree form poetry) takhmis , tashtir, autimetabde and.... On the other hand, despite the Holy Quran, the interaction between the two Arabic and Persian litterateurs and the influence of Arabic literature on the rhetorical techniques of the Persian language are undeniable fact. Therefore, the present study have focused on five important: chronogram, tatriz, geometric poetry, poetry whit dotted or un dotted letters, and Knitted agreed poems to study the mentioned species in Arabic literature and also it is looking for  the mentioned species in Persian literature to find their differences and similarities in the two literatures, if they are common.   2.Methodology This study was carried out using library method and based on descriptive and comparative method. Therefore, the research subjects were studied separately in both literatures and after finding similar samples in Persian language, with The Arabic samples was adapted to inference their differences and similarities. And after finding similar examples in Farsi, they were matched with Arabic ones to deduce their differences and similarities.   3.Discussion One of the types of poetry whose letters play a key role in the production  is chronogram. In this way, letters are used as numbers, each letter has special number and the poet tells the story of the occurrence by letters through the poetic verse. It uses a proper word or phrase that sums the numbers of the letters making up the date. Although a chronogram was common in Arabic literature Before the Mamluk  period . but in this period it was seriously considered. This type of poetry is also popular in Persian literature, influenced by Arabic literature and has a similar function , and the date of this technique in Persian back to the fifth century but it reaches peak from the middle of the first half of the eighth century. Geometric poetry is another type in which letters have the ability to play in a certain geometric form, such as a circle, triangle, square, rectangle, and rhombus. By considering in poems that are written in geometric shapes like circles and squares in Persian verses, it can determine that the basis of such poems is on the word, not on the letter. Poetry whit dotted or un dotted letters is made with the help of punctuated and non-punctuated letter. Thus, if all of its words are punctuated, the poem is dotted poetry(Mojam) and if its words are non-punctuated, the poem is un dotted poetry(Mohmal), and if the letter is punctuated and other one is non-punctuated, a poem raqta is formed. As well as in Arabic, the Artistic practices had also been common in persian Poetry industry is the epitome of poetry. The word "tatriz" means to decorate and to paint dress by colored thread in the poetic term is a kind of poem that poet arranged the early letters of the verses to form a definite name. The technique that the Persian poet uses to create a poem such as the poetic Arabic poetry is called the technique of soliloquy. In such a way that the author or poet in his writing or reading poem, inserts such a letters or words an independent word or term (whether prose or poem) is created by separating them from writing or poem. Circumlocution (mahbuk-altarafen) is a term in which all verses or a piece of poem start and finish with same letter, or each verse starts with one of the mojam letters. But studies of Persian rhetorical books indicate that this kind of poetry is not applicable in this literature. Perhaps the most important reason is its limitation in domain of vocabulary, as seen –according in the Arabic example- this type of poetry requires a huge number of vocabularies to be selected desired words by the poet as he wants. As Mohammed bin Omar al-Raduviani by studying on lipogram have pointed out this problem and he said " it is accepted in 'Arabic' more than in Persian, because in Persian letters are scant , and also words and terms ." (Al Radaviani, 1362: 108). Letters as the smallest linguistic unit, are effective in producing poetic species, including the use of chronogram, geometrical poetry, tashtir and…. Some of them which have been effected by Arabic are also popular in Persian such as the geometrical poetry, and geometric poetry.However, there are differences in geometric poetry in the two literatures. That means, the basis of such a poem in arabic literature are letter and is very diverse but in Persian it is the word that forms the basis of such a poem. And it has just appearance on round and square form. Some of  poetic species have found differently usage  in this language as we saw in the acrostic. And Some of them are used only in Arabic due to derivative characteristics and the ability to construct multiple words from a single root, (such as Shakib, 2005: 162-149)