Nuevas tendencias en antropología de la medicina

Partiendo de una aproximación conceptual a qué es la antropología de la medicina, los autores desarrollan las líneas de investigación más actuales relacionadas con algunos objetos de estudio; por ejemplo, los sistemas médicos, las relaciones entre antropología, los síndromes que se manifiestan en el marco específico de cada cultura, los discursos de enfermedad y las aportaciones de la antropología a la educación para la salud

Solidarity contribution and the energy tax in Spain

[ES] En el 2022 empezó un conflicto bélico entre Rusia y Ucrania que ha acarreado importantes consecuencias económicas a nivel mundial, y la Unión Europea no ha sido una excepción. Entre estas consecuencias destaca la inflación en los precios de la energía, ya que Rusia era la principal fuente de administración de crudo a Europa. Contra estas consecuencias económicas, la Unión Europea ha estado muy activa en su respuesta a la crisis provocada, adoptando un paquete de sanciones económicas, de cooperación e individuales en respuesta a la invasión rusa a Ucrania. El objetivo de las mismas es sancionar a Rusia por sus acciones y obstaculizar su capacidad para continuar con la guerra. Por este motivo, Europa ha creado una contribución solidaria para aquellas empresas que operan en el sector del petróleo, gas, carbón y refinerías. En cuanto a España, el Consejo de Ministros, al unísono de Europa, ha planteado un conjunto de medidas en respuesta a las consecuencias de la guerra, especialmente en el sector energético. Entre ellas, la más reseñable y la que se analizará en este TFG es el gravamen temporal energético.[EN] In 2022, a war between Russia and Ukraine started, which has had important economic consequences worldwide, and the European Union has not been an exception. Among these consequences, inflation in energy prices stands out, since Russia was the main source of crude oil administration to Europe. In regard to these economic consequences, the European Union has been very active in its response to the crisis caused, adopting a package of economic, cooperation and individual sanctions in response to the Russian invasion of Ukraine. They are intended to sanction Russia for its actions and hinder its ability to continue the war. For this reason, Europe has created a solidarity contribution for those companies that operate in the oil, gas, coal and refinery sector. As for Spain, the Council of Ministers, in unison with Europe, has proposed a set of measures in response to the consequences of the war, especially in the energy sector. Among them, the most noteworthy and the one that will be analyzed in this TFG is the temporary energy tax

Efficient complex sphere decoding for MC-CDMA systems

Maximum likelihood (ML) joint detection of multi-carrier code division multiple access (MC-CDMA) systems can be efficiently implemented with a sphere decoding (SD) algorithm. In this paper, we examine the application of complex instead of real SD to detect MC-CDMA, which solves many problems in a more elegant manner and extends SD adaptability to any constellation. We first propose a new complex SD algorithm whose efficiency is based on not requiring an estimate of the initial search radius but selecting the Babai point as the initial sphere radius instead; also, efficient strategies regarding sorting the list of possible lattice points are applied. Indeed, complex SD allows complex matrix operations which are faster than real counterparts in double dimension. Next, a novel lattice representation for the MC-CDMA system is introduced, which allows optimum multiuser detection directly from the received signal. This avoids noise whitening operation, and also despreading and equalization procedures are not required further at the receiver sideThis work has been partly funded by the Spanish government with national project MACAWI (TEC 2005-07477-c02-02) and project MAMBO (UC3M-TEC-05-027

Food challenges to promote sustainable consumption practices. The case of Hijolusa Potatoes

[ES] El sector agroalimentario es uno de los más importantes en el mundo, ya que alimenta a una población en constante crecimiento. En España, es un sector clave de la economía con una gran producción de alimentos de alta calidad. No obstante, han surgido algunos problemas que preocupan cada vez más a la población. Estos son, la seguridad alimentaria y el desperdicio de alimentos, ya que pueden acarrear consecuencias económicas y ambientales, éticas y de salud pública. Debido a estos dos problemas han surgido nuevas tendencias de consumo alimenticio, lo que se ha dado origen al marketing sostenible. Patatas Hijolusa S. L. es una empresa leonesa que se dedicada a la producción y comercialización de patatas. Se especializa en la obtención de patatas de alta calidad y cuenta con una amplia variedad de productos que incluyen patatas para freír, cocinar y para asar. La empresa se ha destacado por su compromiso con la calidad y la sostenibilidad. Dentro del sector de la patata es un referente en cuanto al marketing implementado y la publicidad, ejerciendo un papel fundamental para su promoción.[EN] The agri-food sector is one of the most important in the world, since it feeds a constantly growing population. In Spain, it is a key sector of the economy with a large production of high-quality food. However, some problems have arisen that are increasingly worrying the population. These are food safety and food waste, since they can have economic and environmental, ethical and public health consequences. Due to these two problems, new trends in food consumption have emerged, which have given rise to sustainable marketing. Patatas Hijolusa S. L. is a company from León dedicated to the production and marketing of potatoes. It specializes in obtaining high quality potatoes and has a wide variety of products including potatoes for frying, cooking and roasting. The company has been noted for its commitment to quality and sustainability. Within the potato sector, it is a benchmark in terms of implemented marketing and advertising, playing a fundamental role in its promotion

Parametric approximation to optimal averaging in superimposed training schemes under realistic time-variant channels

Proceedings of: 13th IEEE/IET International Symposium on Communication Systems, Networks and Digital Signal Processing, 20-22 July 2022, Porto, Portugal.Superimposed Training (ST) with orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) scheme has become an attractive solution to meet the goals of the fifth generation (5G) of mobile communications, by improving the channel estimation performance, which is one of the main challenge in multiple input multiple output (MIMO) systems. This technique does not hinder the throughput, however, it introduces an intrinsic interference since the data and the reference symbols are sent together. In order to mitigate it, several studies propose a time averaging over several OFDM received symbols, where the optimal length of this averaging can be analytically computed by solving a transcendental equation. In this paper, this optimal averaging is approximated by a low complexity parametric approach based on a multiple linear regression model that inputs two parameters, the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and the relative speed between the transmitter and receiver, which effectively represents the variability of the channel in time. Results show that the approximated solutions give an error of 0.05% on average and 7% at most in terms of the provided mean square error (MSE) of the channel estimation.This work has been supported by a fellowship from the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation, under grant PRE2018-084315, and, by the Spanish National Project IRENE-EARTH (PID2020-115323RB-C33/AEI/10.13039/501100011033)

Suppression of cyclic prefix in down-link LTE like systems to increase capacity

The proceeding at : 77th Vehicular Technology Conference (VTC Spring), took place 2013, June 02-05, in Dresden (Germany).In this paper it is presented a proposal to increase the capacity of Down-Link (DL) transmissions in Long Term Evolution (LTE) like systems based on Multiple-Input Multiple-Output (MIMO)-Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM). The augment of the data rate is achieved with the total or partial suppression of the Cyclic Prefix (CP), which requires the use of a variable number of samples without conveying any information. The proposal is based on an iterative cancellation of the main impairments that the CP suppression supposes, the Inter Symbol and Inter Carrier Interferences. The interference mitigation procedure demands adequate channel estimations obtained in two different stages. Firstly, this new scheme requires the utilization of a preamble symbol appended to the beginning of the data transmission, which enables an initial Maximum Likelihood channel estimation. Secondly, time-variant channels will be estimated using a Least Squares estimator by the use of scattered pilots within the LTE frame structure. Through simulations it has been demonstrated that, despite the interferences arisen due to the CP suppression, our proposal attains adequate channel estimations which converge to theoretical bounds and the overall system obtains values of Bit Error Rate similar to the ideal situation of not suppressing the CP. It is also presented that considering the typical values of CP in the LTE standard the increment of the capacity employing this strategy can range between 7% and 25%.This work has been partly funded by the Spanish national projects GRE3NSYST (TEC2011-29006-C03-03) and COMONSENS (CSD2008-00010).Publicad

Comparison of architectures for PAPR reduction in OFDM combining pilot symbols with constellation extension

The Proceeding at: IEEE Eurocon Conference, took place at 2013, July 01-04, in Zagreb (Croacia)A main drawback of Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) systems is that they suffer from a high Peak-to-Average Power Ratio (PAPR) at the transmitted signal. We propose three different architectures of a PAPR reduction technique combining pilot symbols with constellation extension. These architectures make use of a metric-based amplitude predistortion algorithm for the constellation extension embedded with orthogonal pilot symbols. Since neither the constellation extension nor the orthogonal pilots degrade the Bit Error Rate (BER), then the combined architectures also guarantee system performance. The three proposals outperform the previous algorithms (SAP and OPS) in terms of PAPR reduction, due to adequately joining pilots symbols with constellation extension. Moreover, the three architectures are examined from a complexity point of view, yielding a comparison in terms of computational load, what is straightforwardly related to implementation energy efficiency.This work has been partly funded by the Spanish national projects GRE3N-SYST (TEC2011-29006-C03-03) and COMONSENS (CSD2008-00010), and SENESCYT (Ecuador).Publicad

Optimum Averaging of Superimposed Training Schemes in OFDM under Realistic Time-Variant Channels

The current global bandwidth shortage in orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM)-based systems motivates the use of more spectrally efficient techniques. Superimposed training (ST) is a candidate in this regard because it exhibits no information rate loss. Additionally, it is very flexible to deploy and it requires low computational cost. However, data symbols sent together with training sequences cause an intrinsic interference. Previous studies, based on an oversimplified channel (a quasi-static channel model) have solved this interference by averaging the received signal over the coherence time. In this paper, the mean square error (MSE) of the channel estimation is minimized in a realistic time-variant scenario. The optimization problem is stated and theoretical derivations are presented to attain the optimum amount of OFDM symbols to be averaged. The derived optimal value for averaging is dependent on the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and it provides a better MSE, of up to two orders of magnitude, than the amount given by the coherence time. Moreover, in most cases, the optimal number of OFDM symbols for averaging is much shorter, about 90% reduction of the coherence time, thus it provides a decrease of the system delay. Therefore, these results match the goal of improving performance in terms of channel estimation error while getting even better energy efficiency, and reducing delays.This work was supported by the Spanish National Project Hybrid Terrestrial/Satellite Air Interface for 5G and Beyond - Areas of Dif-cult Access (TERESA-ADA) [Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (MINECO)/Agencia Estatal de Investigación (AEI)/Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional (FEDER), Unión Europea (UE)] under Grant TEC2017-90093-C3-2-R

Las notificaciones tributarias y sus defectos desde la perspectiva jurisprudencial

[ES]En los últimos años la Administración pública ha evolucionado exponencialmente, esto se debe en gran parte a la inclusión de las nuevas tecnologías en su forma de relacionarse no sólo con el ciudadano sino con otras Administraciones. En su relación con el ciudadano, las nuevas tecnologías han permitido que los plazos de respuesta en aquellos procedimientos incoados de oficio o a instancia de parte se vean reducidos y en su gran mayoría cumplidos sin necesidad de desplazamientos, lo que se traduce en una Administración más eficaz, con menos dilaciones, reduciendo así la inseguridad jurídica y la indefensión del interesado. Una de las formas que tiene la Administración para comunicarse con el administrado es la notificación, es decir, el acto formal a través del cual, la Administración puede comunicar al administrado los actos administrativos que le incumben por ser parte interesada del procedimiento administrativo. La notificación, la vía por la cual se pone en conocimiento del interesado todas las actuaciones que se van sucediendo en un procedimiento, puede llevarse a cabo a través de diversas formas. Las más utilizadas por la Administración son el correo certificado y la dirección electrónica habilitada (DEH); ésta última ha ganado importancia en algunos ámbitos como en la Administración Tributaria. Mientras que el correo certificado se utiliza más para personas físicas, la DEH se utiliza obligatoriamente para las personas jurídicas. En la actualidad, los medios de notificación tradicionales o electrónicos siguen presentando defectos de forma y contenido, lo que trae como consecuencia la indefensión del interesado. Sin embargo, a pesar de los defectos que puedan presentar las notificaciones, su práctica se caracteriza por ser anti-formalista, y habrá que atender a cada caso para dilucidar si con independencia del defecto acaecido, el interesado conoció del contenido de la notificación, pues de ello dependerá la eficacia del acto. El objeto de nuestro estudio es exponer el régimen jurídico de las notificaciones tributarias, así como los errores cometidos en la práctica de las mismas, y las soluciones que se han venido aportando sobre todo jurisprudencialmente, teniendo en cuenta para ello el equilibrio entre la eficacia administrativa y la no vulneración del derecho a la tutela judicial efectiva

Iterative Joint Estimation Procedure for Channel and Frequency Offset in Multi-Antenna OFDM Systems With an Insufficient Cyclic Prefix

This paper addresses a strategy to improve the joint channel and frequency offset (FO) estimation in multi-antenna systems, widely known as multiple-input-multiple-output orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (MIMO-OFDM), in the presence of intersymbol interference (ISI) and intercarrier interference (ICI) occasioned by an insufficient cyclic prefix (CP). The enhancement is attained by the use of an iterative joint estimation procedure (IJEP) that successively cancels the interferences located in the preamble of the OFDM frame, which is used for the joint estimation and initially contains the interferences due to a CP shorter than the channel length. The IJEP requires at certain steps a proper iterative interference cancellation algorithm, which makes use of an initial FO compensation and channel estimation obtained due to the use of a symmetric sequence in the preamble. After the iterative cancellation of interferences, the procedure performs an additional joint channel and FO estimation whose mean square error converges to the Cramer-Rao bound (CRB). Later on, this subsequent joint estimation permits the removal of the interferences in the data part of the frame, which are also due to an insufficient CP, in the same iterative fashion but saving iterations compared with the use of other estimation strategies. The appraisal of the procedure has been performed by assessing the convergence of the simulated estimators to the CRB as a function of the number of iterations. Additionally, simulations for the evaluation of the bit error rate (BER) have been carried out to probe how the utilization of the proposed IJEP clearly improves the performance of the system. It is concluded that, with a reduced number of iterations in the preamble, the IJEP converges to the theoretical bounds, thus reducing the disturbances caused by a hard wireless channel or a deliberately insufficient CP.This work was supported in part by the Spanish na-tional projects GRE3N-SYST (TEC2011-29006-C03-03) and COMONSENS (CSD2008-00010).Publicad