776 research outputs found
Gravity-Matter Couplings from Liouville Theory
The three-point functions for minimal models coupled to gravity are derived
in the operator approach to Liouville theory which is based on its
quantum group structure. The result is shown to agree with matrix-model
calculations on the sphere. The precise definition of the corresponding
cosmological constant is given in the operator solution of the quantum
Liouville theory. It is shown that the symmetry between quantum-group spins
and previously put forward by the author is the explanation of the
continuation in the number of screening operators discovered by Goulian and Li.
Contrary to the previous discussions of this problem, the present approach
clearly separates the emission operators for each leg. This clarifies the
structure of the dressing by gravity. It is shown, in particular that the end
points are not treated on the same footing as the mid point. Since the outcome
is completely symmetric this suggests the existence of a picture-changing
mechanism in two dimensional gravity.Comment: (40 pages, Latex file
Negative Screenings in Liouville Theory
We demonstrate how negative powers of screenings arise as a nonperturbative
effect within the operator approach to Liouville theory. This explains the
origin of the corresponding poles in the exact Liouville three point function
proposed by Dorn/Otto and (DOZZ) and leads to a
consistent extension of the operator approach to arbitrary integer numbers of
screenings of both types. The general Liouville three point function in this
setting is computed without any analytic continuation procedure, and found to
support the DOZZ conjecture. We point out the importance of the concept of free
field expansions with adjustable monodromies - recently advocated by Petersen,
Rasmussen and Yu - in the present context, and show that it provides a unifying
interpretation for two types of previously constructed local observables.Comment: 41 pages, LaTe
A Note on Quantum Liouville Theory via Quantum Group; an Approach to Strong Coupling Liouville Theory
Quantum Liouville theory is analyzed in terms of the infinite dimensional
representations of with q a root of unity. Making full use of
characteristic features of the representations, we show that vertex operators
in this Liouville theory are factorized into `classical' vertex operators and
those which are constructed from the finite dimensional representations of
. We further show explicitly that fusion rules in this model also
enjoys such a factorization. Upon the conjecture that the Liouville action
effectively decouples into the classical Liouville action and that of a quantum
theory, correlation functions and transition amplitudes are discussed,
especially an intimate relation between our model and geometric quantization of
the moduli space of Riemann surfaces is suggested. The most important result is
that our Liouville theory is in the strong coupling region, i.e., the central
charge c_L satisfies . An interpretation of quantum space-time is
also given within this formulation.Comment: 25 pages, Latex file, no figure
Human Capital Investment and Debt Constraints
When young individuals face binding debt constraints, their human capital investments will be insufficiently financed by private creditors. If generations overlap, then a well-designed fiscal policy may be able to improve human capital investments by replacing missing capital markets with an intergenerational transfer scheme. Boldrin and Monte (2002) demonstrate that the optimal (balanced budget) fiscal policy in this context entails the joint provision of an education subsidy for the young and a pension program for the old, financed with a tax on those in their peak earning years. We demonstrate, however, that the desirability of such a policy depends crucially on the assumption of an exogenous debt constraint. If debt constraints arise endogenously for reasons of limited commitment, then the optimal (balanced budget) fiscal policy looks radically different. Furthermore, we find that arbitrary (non-optimal) policy interventions may actually lead to lower levels of human capital investment as altered default incentives induce private creditors to contract the supply of student loans by an amount greater than the subsidy. In some cases, the constrained-optimal policy entails zero intervention. These results highlight the importance of taking seriously the reasons for why debt constraints exist, before recommending any specific policy intervention.
Quantum Liouville Theory On The Riemann Sphere With Punctures
We have studied the quantum Liouville theory on the Riemann sphere with n>3
punctures. While considering the theory on the Riemann surfaces with n=4
punctures, the quantum theory near an arbitrary but fixed puncture can be
obtained via canonical quantization and an extra symmetry is explored. While
considering more than four distinguished punctures, we have found the exchange
relations of the monodromy parameters from which we can get a reasonable
quantum theory.Comment: 13 page
Two and three-point functions in Liouville theory
Based on our generalization of the Goulian-Li continuation in the power of
the 2D cosmological term we construct the two and three-point correlation
functions for Liouville exponentials with generic real coefficients. As a
strong argument in favour of the procedure we prove the Liouville equation of
motion on the level of three-point functions. The analytical structure of the
correlation functions as well as some of its consequences for string theory are
discussed. This includes a conjecture on the mass shell condition for
excitations of noncritical strings. We also make a comment concerning the
correlation functions of the Liouville field itself.Comment: 15 pages, Latex, Revised version: A sign error in formula (50) is
correcte
Investigating Canadian Chicken Importers' Preferences Towards TRQ Import Licensing Mechanisms
The Agreement on Agriculture ratified at the end of the Uruguay Round of WTO negotiations called for the conversion of non-tariff barriers to trade into bound tariffs. This tariffication would have resulted in excessively high tariffs, which would have threatened historic market access levels if not for WTO member countries agreeing to introduce tariff-rate quotas (TRQs). TRQs are two-tier tariffs. Imports below an agreed quota are taxed at a usually low (or zero) in-quota tariff rate while imported commodities in excess of the quota level are taxed at the higher (often prohibitive) over-quota tariff rate. In the process of implementing TRQs, WTO members failed to explicitly regulate TRQ administration procedures. As a result, numerous administration procedures for allocating import licenses were developed in many countries. Importing activities in the Canadian chicken industry have been regulated with a TRQ since 1995. Firms holding the right to import chicken products at the in-quota tariff can potentially enjoy significant rents due to the spread between domestic and world prices. The magnitude of these rents depends upon a number of domestic factors such as market concentration in the processing and retail sectors, production technology, farm output regulation, and so on. This analysis evaluates the preferences of Canadian chicken importers towards TRQ import licensing mechanisms and provides insights about importersâ attitudes towards Canadian trade policy in the chicken sector.Agricultural and Food Policy, International Relations/Trade,
2D Quantum Gravity in the Proper-Time Gauge
A two-loop (cylinder) amplitude of the 2d pure gravity theory is obtained in
the proper-time gauge (, ) in the continuum
formulation. The constraint is solved and used to reduce the problem
of field theory to that of quantum mechanics. This reduction can also be proved
by using a conformal Ward identity. The amplitude depends on the lengths of the boundaries, the proper time and a non-negative integer
associated with winding modes around the boundaries.Comment: 12 pages, late
Classical Liouville action on the sphere with three hyperbolic singularities
The classical solution to the Liouville equation in the case of three
hyperbolic singularities of its energy-momentum tensor is derived and analyzed.
The recently proposed classical Liouville action is explicitly calculated in
this case. The result agrees with the classical limit of the three point
function in the DOZZ solution of the quantum Liouville theory.Comment: 14 pages, 2 eps figure
Quantum Analysis of Jackiw and Teitelboim's Model for 1+1 D Gravity and Topological Gauge Theory
We study the BRST quantization of the 1+1 dimensional gravity model proposed
by Jackiw and Teitelboim and also the topological gauge model which is
equivalent to the gravity model at least classically. The gravity model
quantized in the light-cone gauge is found to be a free theory with a nilpotent
BRST charge. We show also that there exist twisted N=2 superconformal algebras
in the Jackiw-Teitelboim's model as well as in the topological gauge model. We
discuss the quantum equivalence between the gravity theory and the topological
gauge theory. It is shown that these theories are indeed equivalent to each
other in the light-cone gauge.Comment: 31 page
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