Is it important to achieve physical activity recommendations at early stages of life to improve bone health?

Research in bone health during childhood is limited and important to prevent future diseases, particularly, osteoporosis. Bone parameters using DXA and pQCT in 295 Spanish children were evaluated and we found a benefit of meeting the World Health Organization physical activity recommendations in bone composition in childhood. Purpose To investigate the association between physical activity (PA) and bone health in a Spanish paediatric cohort, considering the influence of meeting/not meeting the current World Health Organization (WHO) PA recommendations and to elucidate if there are differences between boys and girls. Methods In a cohort of children born in the region of Aragon (Spain) in 2009, followed until the age of 7 years, bone parameters were assessed using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) (whole body scan) and peripheral quantitative computed tomography (pQCT) (tibia scanned at the 8% (distal) and 38% (diaphyseal) of the total tibia length) in 295 7-year-old children (154 boys) in the last evaluation performed between 2016 and 2017. PA was assessed using GT3X Actigraph accelerometers. Results Boys had significantly higher areal bone mineral density (aBMD), higher total bone mineral content (BMC) at the diaphyseal site and higher trabecular BMC and vBMD, and higher total bone area at the distal site than girls (p<0.01 for all of them). Both boys and girls complying with the WHO PA recommendations had significantly higher trabecular BMC than their inactive counterparts. Conclusions Meeting WHO PA recommendations has a beneficial effect in bone composition in childhood both in boys and in girls

An integrative "omics" apprach identifies new candidate genes to impact aroma volatiles in peach fruit

[EN] Background: Ever since the recent completion of the peach genome, the focus of genetic research in this area has turned to the identification of genes related to important traits, such as fruit aroma volatiles. Of the over 100 volatile compounds described in peach, lactones most likely have the strongest effect on fruit aroma, while esters, terpenoids, and aldehydes have minor, yet significant effects. The identification of key genes underlying the production of aroma compounds is of interest for any fruit-quality improvement strategy. Results: Volatile (52 compounds) and gene expression (4348 genes) levels were profiled in peach fruit from a maturity time-course series belonging to two peach genotypes that showed considerable differences in maturation characteristics and postharvest ripening. This data set was analyzed by complementary correlation-based approaches to discover the genes related to the main aroma-contributing compounds: lactones, esters, and phenolic volatiles, among others. As a case study, one of the candidate genes was cloned and expressed in yeast to show specificity as an omega-6 Oleate desaturase, which may be involved in the production of a precursor of lactones/esters. Conclusions: Our approach revealed a set of genes (an alcohol acyl transferase, fatty acid desaturases, transcription factors, protein kinases, cytochromes, etc.) that are highly associated with peach fruit volatiles, and which could prove useful in breeding or for biotechnological purposes.We are grateful to Cristina Besada, PhD (Instituto Valenciano de Investigaciones Agrarias, IVIA, Spain) for her help with the fruit quality parameter analyses. We are also thankful to Cristina Marti and Clara Pons (Instituto de Biologia Molecular y Celular de Plantas, IBMCP, Spain) for their advice on microarray analyses. Jesus Garcia Brunton, PhD for providing the fruits used in this study (Instituto Murciano de Investigacion y Desarrollo Agrario, IMIDA, Spain). HS-SPME-GC-MS analyses were performed at the Metabolomic lab facilities at the IBMCP (CSIC) in Spain. GS has financial support from INTA (Instituto Nacional de Tecnologia Agropecuaria, Argentine). This project has been funded by the Ministry of Economy and Competitivity grant AGL2010-20595.Sánchez, G.; Venegas Calerón, M.; Salas, J.; Monforte Gilabert, AJ.; Badenes, M.; Granell Richart, A. (2013). An integrative "omics" apprach identifies new candidate genes to impact aroma volatiles in peach fruit. BMC Genomics. 14(343):1-23. https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2164-14-343S1231434

Use of the entomopathogenic fungi \u3ci\u3eMetarhizium anisopliae, Cordyceps bassiana\u3c/i\u3e and \u3ci\u3eIsaria fumosorosea\u3c/i\u3e to control \u3ci\u3eDiaphorina citri\u3c/i\u3e (Hemiptera: Psyllidae) in Persian lime under field conditions

The Asian citrus psyllid Diaphorina citri Kuwayama is a destructive insect pest in citriculture, because it is an efficient vector of the proteobacteria ‘Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus’ (Las), ‘Ca. L. africanus’ (Laf) and ‘Ca. L. americanus’ (Lam). These bacteria cause the ‘huanglongbing’ disease or ‘greening’ or ‘yellow dragon’ disease. The disease kills the plant and reduces fruit production. This insect pest is susceptible to entomopathogenic fungi, and we report the use of different strains of Metarhizium anisopliae, Cordyceps bassiana and Isaria fumosorosea against the nymphs and adults of D. citri under field conditions. The fungi were applied four times using a concentration of 2 £ 1013 conidia/ha with a time interval of 15 days between applications. The percentage of control of Cb 108, Ma 65, Ma 14 and Ifr 4 was 60, 50, 40 and 35% in nymphs, and 50, 50, 42 and 22% in adults, respectively. Metarhizium anisopliae, C. bassiana and I. fumosorosea applied on Persian lime groves are more effective in reducing higher density of nymphs than adults of D. citri

The peach volatilome modularity is reflected at the genetic and environmental response levels in a QTL mapping population

Background: The improvement of fruit aroma is currently one of the most sought-after objectives in peach breeding programs. To better characterize and assess the genetic potential for increasing aroma quality by breeding, a quantity trait locus (QTL) analysis approach was carried out in an F-1 population segregating largely for fruit traits. Results: Linkage maps were constructed using the IPSC peach 9 K Infinium (R) II array, rendering dense genetic maps, except in the case of certain chromosomes, probably due to identity-by-descent of those chromosomes in the parental genotypes. The variability in compounds associated with aroma was analyzed by a metabolomic approach based on GC-MS to profile 81 volatiles across the population from two locations. Quality-related traits were also studied to assess possible pleiotropic effects. Correlation-based analysis of the volatile dataset revealed that the peach volatilome is organized into modules formed by compounds from the same biosynthetic origin or which share similar chemical structures. QTL mapping showed clustering of volatile QTL included in the same volatile modules, indicating that some are subjected to joint genetic control. The monoterpene module is controlled by a unique locus at the top of LG4, a locus previously shown to affect the levels of two terpenoid compounds. At the bottom of LG4, a locus controlling several volatiles but also melting/non-melting and maturity-related traits was found, suggesting putative pleiotropic effects. In addition, two novel loci controlling lactones and esters in linkage groups 5 and 6 were discovered. Conclusions: The results presented here give light on the mode of inheritance of the peach volatilome confirming previously loci controlling the aroma of peach but also identifying novel ones.GS has financial support from INTA (Instituto Nacional de Tecnologia Agropecuaria, Argentina). HS-SPME-GC-MS analyses were performed at the Metabolomic lab facilities at the IBMCP (CSIC) in Spain. This project has been funded by the Ministry of Economy and Competitivity grant AGL2010-20595.Sánchez, G.; Martinez, J.; Romeu, J.; Garcia, J.; Monforte Gilabert, AJ.; Badenes, M.; Granell Richart, A. (2014). The peach volatilome modularity is reflected at the genetic and environmental response levels in a QTL mapping population. BMC Plant Biology. 14(137):1-16. https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2229-14-137S11614137Klee, H. J., & Giovannoni, J. J. (2011). Genetics and Control of Tomato Fruit Ripening and Quality Attributes. Annual Review of Genetics, 45(1), 41-59. doi:10.1146/annurev-genet-110410-132507Sánchez, G., Besada, C., Badenes, M. L., Monforte, A. J., & Granell, A. (2012). A Non-Targeted Approach Unravels the Volatile Network in Peach Fruit. PLoS ONE, 7(6), e38992. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0038992Eduardo, I., Chietera, G., Bassi, D., Rossini, L., & Vecchietti, A. (2010). Identification of key odor volatile compounds in the essential oil of nine peach accessions. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture, 90(7), 1146-1154. doi:10.1002/jsfa.3932Derail, C., Hofmann, T., & Schieberle, P. (1999). Differences in Key Odorants of Handmade Juice of Yellow-Flesh Peaches (Prunus persicaL.) Induced by the Workup Procedure. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 47(11), 4742-4745. doi:10.1021/jf990459gGreger, V., & Schieberle, P. (2007). Characterization of the Key Aroma Compounds in Apricots (Prunus armeniaca) by Application of the Molecular Sensory Science Concept. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 55(13), 5221-5228. doi:10.1021/jf0705015Zhang, B., Shen, J., Wei, W., Xi, W., Xu, C.-J., Ferguson, I., & Chen, K. (2010). Expression of Genes Associated with Aroma Formation Derived from the Fatty Acid Pathway during Peach Fruit Ripening. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 58(10), 6157-6165. doi:10.1021/jf100172eAubert, C., Günata, Z., Ambid, C., & Baumes, R. (2003). Changes in Physicochemical Characteristics and Volatile Constituents of Yellow- and White-Fleshed Nectarines during Maturation and Artificial Ripening. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 51(10), 3083-3091. doi:10.1021/jf026153iXI, W.-P., ZHANG, B., LIANG, L., SHEN, J.-Y., WEI, W.-W., XU, C.-J., … CHEN, K.-S. (2011). Postharvest temperature influences volatile lactone production via regulation of acyl-CoA oxidases in peach fruit. Plant, Cell & Environment, 35(3), 534-545. doi:10.1111/j.1365-3040.2011.02433.xBrandi, F., Bar, E., Mourgues, F., Horváth, G., Turcsi, E., Giuliano, G., … Rosati, C. (2011). Study of «Redhaven» peach and its white-fleshed mutant suggests a key role of CCD4 carotenoid dioxygenase in carotenoid and norisoprenoid volatile metabolism. BMC Plant Biology, 11(1), 24. doi:10.1186/1471-2229-11-24Sánchez, G., Venegas-Calerón, M., Salas, J. J., Monforte, A., Badenes, M. L., & Granell, A. (2013). An integrative «omics» approach identifies new candidate genes to impact aroma volatiles in peach fruit. BMC Genomics, 14(1), 343. doi:10.1186/1471-2164-14-343Verde, I., Abbott, A. G., Scalabrin, S., Jung, S., Shu, S., … Grimwood, J. (2013). The high-quality draft genome of peach (Prunus persica) identifies unique patterns of genetic diversity, domestication and genome evolution. Nature Genetics, 45(5), 487-494. doi:10.1038/ng.2586Verde, I., Bassil, N., Scalabrin, S., Gilmore, B., Lawley, C. T., Gasic, K., … Peace, C. (2012). Development and Evaluation of a 9K SNP Array for Peach by Internationally Coordinated SNP Detection and Validation in Breeding Germplasm. PLoS ONE, 7(4), e35668. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0035668Zorrilla-Fontanesi, Y., Rambla, J.-L., Cabeza, A., Medina, J. J., Sánchez-Sevilla, J. F., Valpuesta, V., … Amaya, I. (2012). Genetic Analysis of Strawberry Fruit Aroma and Identification of O-Methyltransferase FaOMT as the Locus Controlling Natural Variation in Mesifurane Content. Plant Physiology, 159(2), 851-870. doi:10.1104/pp.111.188318Zanor, M. I., Rambla, J.-L., Chaïb, J., Steppa, A., Medina, A., Granell, A., … Causse, M. (2009). Metabolic characterization of loci affecting sensory attributes in tomato allows an assessment of the influence of the levels of primary metabolites and volatile organic contents. Journal of Experimental Botany, 60(7), 2139-2154. doi:10.1093/jxb/erp086Romeu, J. F., Monforte, A. J., Sánchez, G., Granell, A., García-Brunton, J., Badenes, M. L., & Ríos, G. (2014). Quantitative trait loci affecting reproductive phenology in peach. BMC Plant Biology, 14(1), 52. doi:10.1186/1471-2229-14-52Lander, E. S., Green, P., Abrahamson, J., Barlow, A., Daly, M. J., Lincoln, S. E., & Newburg, L. (1987). MAPMAKER: An interactive computer package for constructing primary genetic linkage maps of experimental and natural populations. Genomics, 1(2), 174-181. doi:10.1016/0888-7543(87)90010-3Voorrips, R. E. (2002). MapChart: Software for the Graphical Presentation of Linkage Maps and QTLs. Journal of Heredity, 93(1), 77-78. doi:10.1093/jhered/93.1.77Tikunov, Y., Lommen, A., de Vos, C. H. R., Verhoeven, H. A., Bino, R. J., Hall, R. D., & Bovy, A. G. (2005). A Novel Approach for Nontargeted Data Analysis for Metabolomics. Large-Scale Profiling of Tomato Fruit Volatiles. Plant Physiology, 139(3), 1125-1137. doi:10.1104/pp.105.068130Shannon, P. (2003). Cytoscape: A Software Environment for Integrated Models of Biomolecular Interaction Networks. Genome Research, 13(11), 2498-2504. doi:10.1101/gr.1239303Yang, J., Hu, C., Hu, H., Yu, R., Xia, Z., Ye, X., & Zhu, J. (2008). QTLNetwork: mapping and visualizing genetic architecture of complex traits in experimental populations. Bioinformatics, 24(5), 721-723. doi:10.1093/bioinformatics/btm494Elshire, R. J., Glaubitz, J. C., Sun, Q., Poland, J. A., Kawamoto, K., Buckler, E. S., & Mitchell, S. E. (2011). A Robust, Simple Genotyping-by-Sequencing (GBS) Approach for High Diversity Species. PLoS ONE, 6(5), e19379. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0019379Quilot, B., Wu, B. H., Kervella, J., G�nard, M., Foulongne, M., & Moreau, K. (2004). QTL analysis of quality traits in an advanced backcross between Prunus persica cultivars and the wild relative species P. davidiana. Theoretical and Applied Genetics, 109(4), 884-897. doi:10.1007/s00122-004-1703-zDirlewanger, E., Quero-García, J., Le Dantec, L., Lambert, P., Ruiz, D., Dondini, L., … Arús, P. (2012). Comparison of the genetic determinism of two key phenological traits, flowering and maturity dates, in three Prunus species: peach, apricot and sweet cherry. Heredity, 109(5), 280-292. doi:10.1038/hdy.2012.38Dirlewanger, E., Graziano, E., Joobeur, T., Garriga-Caldere, F., Cosson, P., Howad, W., & Arus, P. (2004). Comparative mapping and marker-assisted selection in Rosaceae fruit crops. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 101(26), 9891-9896. doi:10.1073/pnas.030793710

Quantitative trait loci affecting reproductive phenology in peach

Background: The reproductive phenology of perennial plants in temperate climates is largely conditioned by the duration of bud dormancy, and fruit developmental processes. Bud dormancy release and bud break depends on the perception of cumulative chilling and heat during the bud development. The objective of this work was to identify new quantitative trait loci (QTLs) associated to temperature requirements for bud dormancy release and flowering and to fruit harvest date, in a segregating population of peach. Results: We have identified QTLs for nine traits related to bud dormancy, flowering and fruit harvest in an intraspecific hybrid population of peach in two locations differing in chilling time accumulation. QTLs were located in a genetic linkage map of peach based on single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers for eight linkage groups (LGs) of the peach genome sequence. QTLs for chilling requirements for dormancy release and blooming clustered in seven different genomic regions that partially coincided with loci identified in previous works. The most significant QTL for chilling requirements mapped to LG1, close to the evergrowing locus. QTLs for heat requirement related traits were distributed in nine genomic regions, four of them co-localizing with QTLs for chilling requirement trait. Two major loci in LG4 and LG6 determined fruit harvest time. Conclusions: We identified QTLs associated to nine traits related to the reproductive phenology in peach. A search of candidate genes for these QTLs rendered different genes related to flowering regulation, chromatin modification and hormone signalling. A better understanding of the genetic factors affecting crop phenology might help scientists and breeders to predict changes in genotype performance in a context of global climate change.We thank Matilde Gonzalez for technical assistance. This work was supported by the Instituto Nacional de Investigacion y Tecnologia Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA)-FEDER (grant no. RTA2007-00060), and the Ministry of Science and Innovation of Spain (grant no. AGL2010-20595).Romeu, J.; Monforte Gilabert, AJ.; Sánchez, G.; Granell Richart, A.; Garcia-Brunton, J.; Badenes, M.; Rios Garcia, G. (2014). Quantitative trait loci affecting reproductive phenology in peach. BMC Plant Biology. 14(52):1-16. https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2229-14-52S1161452Rohde, A., & Bhalerao, R. P. (2007). Plant dormancy in the perennial context. Trends in Plant Science, 12(5), 217-223. doi:10.1016/j.tplants.2007.03.012Coville, F. V. (1920). The Influence of Cold in Stimulating the Growth of Plants. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 6(7), 434-435. doi:10.1073/pnas.6.7.434Chuine, I. (2010). Why does phenology drive species distribution? 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New Phytologist, 189(1), 106-121. doi:10.1111/j.1469-8137.2010.03469.xFabbrini, F., Gaudet, M., Bastien, C., Zaina, G., Harfouche, A., Beritognolo, I., … Sabatti, M. (2012). Phenotypic plasticity, QTL mapping and genomic characterization of bud set in black poplar. BMC Plant Biology, 12(1), 47. doi:10.1186/1471-2229-12-47Celton, J.-M., Martinez, S., Jammes, M.-J., Bechti, A., Salvi, S., Legave, J.-M., & Costes, E. (2011). Deciphering the genetic determinism of bud phenology in apple progenies: a new insight into chilling and heat requirement effects on flowering dates and positional candidate genes. New Phytologist, 192(2), 378-392. doi:10.1111/j.1469-8137.2011.03823.xQuilot, B., Wu, B. H., Kervella, J., G�nard, M., Foulongne, M., & Moreau, K. (2004). QTL analysis of quality traits in an advanced backcross between Prunus persica cultivars and the wild relative species P. davidiana. Theoretical and Applied Genetics, 109(4), 884-897. doi:10.1007/s00122-004-1703-zDirlewanger, E., Quero-García, J., Le Dantec, L., Lambert, P., Ruiz, D., Dondini, L., … Arús, P. (2012). Comparison of the genetic determinism of two key phenological traits, flowering and maturity dates, in three Prunus species: peach, apricot and sweet cherry. Heredity, 109(5), 280-292. doi:10.1038/hdy.2012.38Olukolu, B. A., Trainin, T., Fan, S., Kole, C., Bielenberg, D. G., Reighard, G. L., … Holland, D. (2009). Genetic linkage mapping for molecular dissection of chilling requirement and budbreak in apricot (Prunus armeniacaL.). Genome, 52(10), 819-828. doi:10.1139/g09-050Fan, S., Bielenberg, D. G., Zhebentyayeva, T. N., Reighard, G. L., Okie, W. R., Holland, D., & Abbott, A. G. (2009). Mapping quantitative trait loci associated with chilling requirement, heat requirement and bloom date in peach (Prunus persica). New Phytologist, 185(4), 917-930. doi:10.1111/j.1469-8137.2009.03119.xJiménez, S., Li, Z., Reighard, G. L., & Bielenberg, D. G. (2010). Identification of genes associated with growth cessation and bud dormancy entrance using a dormancy-incapable tree mutant. BMC Plant Biology, 10(1), 25. doi:10.1186/1471-2229-10-25Verde, I., Bassil, N., Scalabrin, S., Gilmore, B., Lawley, C. T., Gasic, K., … Peace, C. (2012). Development and Evaluation of a 9K SNP Array for Peach by Internationally Coordinated SNP Detection and Validation in Breeding Germplasm. PLoS ONE, 7(4), e35668. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0035668Leida, C., Terol, J., Marti, G., Agusti, M., Llacer, G., Badenes, M. L., & Rios, G. (2010). Identification of genes associated with bud dormancy release in Prunus persica by suppression subtractive hybridization. Tree Physiology, 30(5), 655-666. doi:10.1093/treephys/tpq008Leida, C., Conesa, A., Llácer, G., Badenes, M. L., & Ríos, G. (2011). Histone modifications and expression of DAM6 gene in peach are modulated during bud dormancy release in a cultivar-dependent manner. New Phytologist, 193(1), 67-80. doi:10.1111/j.1469-8137.2011.03863.xHolec, S., & Berger, F. (2011). Polycomb Group Complexes Mediate Developmental Transitions in Plants. Plant Physiology, 158(1), 35-43. doi:10.1104/pp.111.186445Pandey, R. (2002). Analysis of histone acetyltransferase and histone deacetylase families of Arabidopsis thaliana suggests functional diversification of chromatin modification among multicellular eukaryotes. Nucleic Acids Research, 30(23), 5036-5055. doi:10.1093/nar/gkf660Verde, I., Abbott, A. G., Scalabrin, S., Jung, S., Shu, S., … Grimwood, J. (2013). The high-quality draft genome of peach (Prunus persica) identifies unique patterns of genetic diversity, domestication and genome evolution. Nature Genetics, 45(5), 487-494. doi:10.1038/ng.2586Jiménez, S., Lawton-Rauh, A. L., Reighard, G. L., Abbott, A. G., & Bielenberg, D. G. 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Id2 leaves the chromatin of the E2F4-p130-controlled c-myc promoter during hepatocyte priming for liver regeneration

The Id (inhibitor of DNA binding or inhibitor of differentiation) helix-loop-helix proteins are involved in the regulation of cell growth, differentiation and cancer. The fact that the molecular mechanisms of liver regeneration are not completely understood prompted us to study the fate of Id2 in proliferating liver. Id2 increases in liver regeneration after partial hepatectomy, following the early induction of its gene. Co-immunoprecipitation shows that Id2 forms a complex with E2F4, p130 and mSin3A in quiescent liver and all these components are present at the c-myc promoter as shown using ChIP (chromatin immunoprecipitation). Activation of c-myc during hepatocyte priming (G0-G1 transition) correlates with the dissociation of Id2 and HDAC (histone deacetylase), albeit p130 remains bound at least until 6 h. Moreover, as the G0-G1 transition progresses, Id2 and HDAC again bind the c-myc promoter concomitantly with the repression of this gene. The time course of c-myc binding to the Id2 promoter, as determined by ChIP assays is compatible with a role of the oncoprotein as a transcriptional inducer of Id2 in liver regeneration. Immunohistochemical analysis shows that Id2 also increases in proliferating hepatocytes after bile duct ligation. In this case, the pattern of Id2 presence in the c-myc promoter parallels that found in regenerating liver. Our results may suggest a control role for Id2 in hepatocyte priming, through a p130 dissociation-independent regulation of c-my

Efficacy of Chlorhexidine Varnish for the Prevention of Adult Caries: A Randomized Trial

The Prevention of Adult Caries Study, an NIDCR-funded multicenter, double-blind, randomized clinical trial, enrolled 983 adults (aged 18-80 yrs) at high risk for developing caries (20 or more intact teeth and 2 or more lesions at screening) to test the efficacy of a chlorhexidine diacetate 10% weight per volume (w/v) dental coating (CHX). We excluded participants for whom the study treatment was contraindicated or whose health might affect outcomes or ability to complete the study. Participants were randomly assigned to receive either the CHX coating (n = 490) or a placebo control (n = 493). Coatings were applied weekly for 4 weeks and a fifth time 6 months later. The primary outcome (total net D1-2FS increment) was the sum of weighted counts of changes in tooth surface status over 13 months. We observed no significant difference between the two treatment arms in either the intention-to-treat or per-protocol analyses. Analysis of 3 protocol-specified secondary outcomes produced similar findings. This trial failed to find that 10% (w/v) chlorhexidine diacetate coating was superior to placebo coating for the prevention of new caries (Clinicaltrials.gov registration number NCT00357877)

Contextos educativos : revista de educación

En este artículo se presenta de forma resumida la traducción y la adaptación al sistema educativo español del 'Index for inclusion'2 (Índice por la Inclusión) que se ha constituído como una obra esencial para impulsar los procesos de cambio hacia una mayor inclusión educativa en los centros escolares, teniendo en cuenta los puntos de vista de los diferentes miembros de la comunidad educativa. Este material contempla el proceso de inclusión educativa desde un planteamiento global, ya que está dirigido al aprendizaje y la participación de todos los estudiantes vulnerables de ser sujetos de exclusión y no sólo aquellos diagnosticados con 'Necesidades Educativas Especiales'.La RiojaES