90 research outputs found
Scanning tunnelling miscroscopy/spectroscopy and X-ray absorption spectroscopy studies of Co adatoms and anoislands on highly oriented pyrolytic graphite
In this paper, the scanning tunneling microscopy, scanning tunneling spectroscopy and X-ray absorption spectroscopy of cobalt adatoms and nanoislands were studied on a highly oriented pyrolytic graphite. Local electronic structure were observed by STS.\ud
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Journalism expands in spite of the crisis: digital-native news media in Spain
Digital-native news organizations have grown steadily in Spain since the mid-1990s and they have become established as a major force in the media market. Paradoxically, their biggest expansion coincided with the Great Recession (2008â2014). In fact, their numbers increased most during 2012â2013, when traditional media were cutting staff in response to the economic crisis, and unemployment rates in the media sector as a whole hit their peak. However, these digital-native news startups have yet to prove their sustainability and stability. This study uses our own database of 3,862 native and non-native digital news outlets in Spain and the Reuters Institute Digital News Report to analyze a number of characteristics of these media, such as the percentage that have gone inactive, the relative popularity of legacy brands vs. digital natives, multi-platform synergies, content subject matter, geographical location, ownership, and funding sources. Based on these quantitative parameters, this study reviews the structural strengths and weaknesses of digital-native media in the Spanish news market. Taking into account these findings, we conclude that the surge in digital-native news media observed in Spain during the Great Recession followed the pattern of creative destruction described by several economists
El ecosistema que viene
En 2011, Iñaki Gabilondo publicaba un libro de tĂtulo cre-
puscular: El fin de una Ă©poca. Uno de los periodistas mĂĄs presti-
giosos de España entonaba en aquellas påginas una despedida si
no a la profesiĂłn âen 2018 continĂșa analizando la actualidad
en un videoblog de El PaĂsâ, sĂ al menos a cierta forma de
ejercerla. «El periodismo âescribĂaâ estĂĄ viviendo una verda-
dera transiciĂłn de una Ă©poca a otra, la muerte de un ciclo y el
nacimiento de otro. Estamos en pleno proceso de despedida del
mundo que habĂamos conocido para dirigirnos, aĂșn de manera
imprecisa, hacia ese nuevo universo complejĂsimo de lo digital
y las nuevas conectividades» (Gabilondo, 2011: 149-150). En
efecto, para cuando se escribĂan esas lĂneas, las tecnologĂas di-
gitales no solo habĂan modificado las herramientas con las que
nos informamos, sino que, apenas en un cuarto de siglo, habĂan
transformado el periodismo en su integridad. Con ello, se han
abierto tantas incĂłgnitas como oportunidades.
Al compĂĄs de los cambios tecnolĂłgicos, han evolucionado los
lenguajes informativos, los procesos de trabajo en las redaccio-
nes, los perfiles profesionales de los periodistas, las formas en las
que estos se relacionan con la audiencia y, en definitiva, todos
y cada uno de los ĂĄmbitos en los que se concreta la actividad
periodĂstica. Como resultado de esos cambios, tal y como reve-
lan los capĂtulos anteriores, en España ha emergido un nuevo
mercado periodĂstico
LC-MS/MS-based reference intervals for hair cortisol in healthy children
Background: Human scalp hair is a valuable matrix for determining long-term cortisol concentrations, with wide-spread applicability in clinical care as well as research. However, pediatric reference intervals are lacking. The aim of this cross-sectional study is to establish age-adjusted reference intervals for hair cortisol in children and to gain insight into hair growth velocity in children up to 2 years old. Methods: A total of 625 healthy children were enrolled through recruitment in pregnancy, infant-welfare clinics, and school visits. Scalp hair cortisol levels were measured using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Age-adjusted reference intervals were established in children from birth to 18 years old. Hair growth velocity was determined in children 0â2 years of age by measuring hair length at 4- to 10-week intervals. Results: Hair cortisol levels were high (162.4 pg/mg, 2.5th-97.5th percentile: 28.8â961) after birth with a sharp fall in the first 3 months of life. This is followed by lower values until age 6 and then by graduated and subtle higher values to adult concentrations are reached at the age of 18 years (3.0 pg/mg, 2.5th-97.5th percentile: 0.53â17.8). Average hair growth velocity measured in mm/month was significantly lower in infants 0â6 months of age compared to children 12â24 months (3.5 versus 9.4, P < 0.001). Conclusions: This is the first study to provide age-adjusted reference intervals for hair cortisol in children from 0â18 years. Higher hair cortisol concentrations in infants might be explained by the significantly lower hair growth rate in the first year of life. The establishment of pediatric hair cortisol reference ranges broadens the potential applications of this biomarker in pediatric clinical care
Pharmacogenomic associations of adverse drug reactions in asthma: systematic review and research prioritisation
A systematic review of pharmacogenomic studies capturing adverse drug reactions (ADRs) related to asthma medications was undertaken, and a survey of Pharmacogenomics in Childhood Asthma (PiCA) consortia members was conducted. Studies were eligible if genetic polymorphisms were compared with suspected ADR(s) in a patient with asthma, as either a primary or secondary outcome. Five studies met the inclusion criteria. The ADRs and polymorphisms identified were change in lung function tests (rs1042713), adrenal suppression (rs591118), and decreased bone mineral density (rs6461639) and accretion (rs9896933, rs2074439). Two of these polymorphisms were replicated within the paper, but none had external replication. Priorities from PiCA consortia members (representing 15 institution in eight countries) for future studies were tachycardia (SABA/LABA), adrenal suppression/crisis and growth suppression (corticosteroids), sleep/behaviour disturbances (leukotriene receptor antagonists), and nausea and vomiting (theophylline). Future pharmacogenomic studies in asthma should collect relevant ADR data as well as markers of efficacy
Meta-analysis of 49 549 individuals imputed with the 1000 Genomes Project reveals an exonic damaging variant in ANGPTL4 determining fasting TG levels
Background So far, more than 170 loci have been associated with circulating lipid levels through genomewide association studies (GWAS). These associations are largely driven by common variants, their function is often not known, and many are likely to be markers for the causal variants. In this study we aimed to identify more new rare and low-frequency functional variants associated with circulating lipid levels. Methods We used the 1000 Genomes Project as a reference panel for the imputations of GWAS data from ~60 000 individuals in the discovery stage and ~90 000 samples in the replication stage. Results Our study resu
Age does matter in adolescents and young adults versus older adults with advanced melanoma; a national cohort study comparing tumor characteristics, treatment pattern, toxicity and response
Cutaneous melanoma is a common type of cancer in Adolescents and Young Adults
(AYAs, 15â39 years of age). However, AYAs are underrepresented in clinical trials investigating new
therapies and the outcomes from these therapies for AYAs are therefore unclear. Using prospectively
collected nation-wide data from the Dutch Melanoma Treatment Registry (DMTR), we compared
baseline characteristics, mutational profiles, treatment strategies, grade 3â4 adverse events (AEs),
responses and outcomes in AYAs (n = 210) and older adults (n = 3775) who were diagnosed with
advanced melanoma between July 2013 and July 2018. Compared to older adults, AYAs were more
frequently female (51% versus 40%, p = 0.001), and had a better Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group
performance status (ECOG 0 in 54% versus 45%, p = 0.004). BRAF and NRAS mutations were age
dependent, with more BRAF V600 mutations in AYAs (68% versus 46%) and more NRAS mutations in
older adults (13% versus 21%), p < 0.001. This finding translated in distinct first-line treatment patterns,
where AYAs received more initial targeted therapy. Overall, grade 3â4 AE percentages following
first-line systemic treatment were similar for AYAs and older adults; anti-PD-1 (7% versus 14%,
p = 0.25), anti-CTLA-4 (16% versus 33%, p = 0.12), anti-PD-1 + anti-CTLA-4 (67% versus 56%, p = 0.34)
and BRAF/MEK-inhibition (14% versus 23%, p = 0.06). Following anti-CTLA-4 treatment, no AYAs
experienced a grade 3â4 colitis, while 17% of the older adults did (p = 0.046). There was no difference
in response to treatment between AYAs and older adults. The longer overall survival observed in
AYAs (hazard ratio (HR) 0.7; 95% CI 0.6â0.8) was explained by the increased cumulative incidence of
non-melanoma related deaths in older adults (sub-distribution HR 2.8; 95% CI 1.5â4.9), calculated by
competing risk analysis. The results of our national cohort study show that baseline characteristics
and mutational profiles differ between AYAs and older adults with advanced melanoma, leading to
different treatment choices made in daily practice. Once treatment is initiated, AYAs and older adults
show similar tumor responses and melanoma-specific survival
GPI Spectra of HR 8799 c, d, and e from 1.5 to 2.4 ÎŒm with KLIP Forward Modeling
Stars and planetary system
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