Nitrate and water (1980)

Nitrates in water can affect livestock production and human health. "Blue baby syndrome" can be caused by high nitrate in the drinking water of infants under six months of age. Sudden deaths, lowered reproductive performance, and loss of milk production in warm animals have been associated with water supplies containing a high content of nitrate.Reviewed and Reprinted 12/80/5M

Pyrolytic formation of polyaromatic hydrocarbons from steroid hormones

Four steroid hormones, namely androsterone, cholesterol, estrone and estradiol, have been pyrolysed at 300, 400 and 500 °C and the pyrolysates from these have been analysed by GC-MS. The results indicate that these formed different products under the pyrolysis and most of them evolved into polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons during their residence in the pyrolysis chamber at high temperatures. The products from the pyrolysates, at all temperatures, were analysed for similarities and differences using multivariate data analysis. The products possessed some similarities on pyrolysis at 300 °C but were entirely different when pyrolysed at 500 °C. Androsterone and cholesterol formed a higher percentage of substituted PAH than did estrone and estradiol. These compounds included carcinogens, such as phenanthrene, methylphenanthrene, fluorene and its derivatives. The side chain of cholesterol had no effect on the products formed, while the presence of the aromatic ring in estrone and estradiol led to a higher percentage of phenol and its derivatives in the pyrolysates. Furthermore, estrone was subjected to flash pyrolysis and the products formed were compared with those which resulted from the long time pyrolysis: flash pyrolysis produced small amounts of PAH

Properties of the Fractured Glacial Till at the Madison County, Ohio, Field Workshop Pit Site

Author Institution: USDA/ARS, Soil Drainage Research Unit ; School of Natural Resources, The Ohio State University ; Department of Food, Agricultural and Biological Engineering, The Ohio State UniversityWater and contaminants obviously do move through the so-called impermeable glacial tills in Ohio. This study was conducted to illustrate the extensive presence of fractures in the till and to quantify the differences in hydraulic conductivity and physical and chemical properties between the fractureaffected zones and the till matrix. In situ measurements of the saturated hydraulic conductivity were made in small boreholes positioned either in the matrix or intersecting the fractures. Soil samples from both the fracture faces and the matrix were analyzed for particle size distribution, clay mineralogy, calcite, dolomite, and iron content. Hydraulic conductivity measured in boreholes intersecting fractures was 1.25 x 105 cm/sec (0.018 in/hr), one order of magnitude greater than in boreholes in the matrix. Particle size distribution was the same for the fracture faces and the matrix. The fracture faces showed no significant change in total clay content and a slight increase in expandable clay. Calcite content was 62% greater, dolomite content was 6% lower, and iron content was 73% lower on the fracture faces as compared to the matrix. The fractures affected approximately 7% of the soil volume

Preliminary photochemical studies of fluorene in various aqueous media

-The current study investigates the direct photochemical degradation of aqueous fluorene with the aid of a 125W polychromatic medium, pressure Hg lamp. The purpose was to test the effectiveness of the lamp in irradiation using fluorene spiked solution as substrate. A 700 ml volume of fluorene solution of 0.002 mg/l was irradiated batch-wise at 1, 3, 6, 12, 18, 24 and 48 h. The amount of fluorene removal was studied for fluorene solutions prepared from , neutral (distilled water), acidic (by adjusting pH with hydrochloric acid, HCl), basic (by adjusting pH with sodium hydroxide, NaOH) and saline (addition of sodium chloride, NaCl) solutions and there was 95.95, 92.35, 96.65 and 97.15 % removal respectively after 48 h of irradiation. The major degradation product identified was fluorenone. The different media did not significantly affect the rate of fluorene degradation

Pyrolytic formation of polyaromatic hydrocarbons from steroid hormones

Author's version of an article published in Food Chemisty, 124 (4), 1466-1472. Also available from the publisher: hhtp://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2010.07.109Four steroid hormones, namely androsterone, cholesterol, estrone and estradiol, have been pyrolysed at 300, 400 and 500 °C and the pyrolysates from these have been analysed by GC-MS. The results indicate that these formed different products under the pyrolysis and most of them evolved into polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons during their residence in the pyrolysis chamber at high temperatures. The products from the pyrolysates, at all temperatures, were analysed for similarities and differences using multivariate data analysis. The products possessed some similarities on pyrolysis at 300 °C but were entirely different when pyrolysed at 500 °C. Androsterone and cholesterol formed a higher percentage of substituted PAH than did estrone and estradiol. These compounds included carcinogens, such as phenanthrene, methylphenanthrene, fluorene and its derivatives. The side chain of cholesterol had no effect on the products formed, while the presence of the aromatic ring in estrone and estradiol led to a higher percentage of phenol and its derivatives in the pyrolysates. Furthermore, estrone was subjected to flash pyrolysis and the products formed were compared with those which resulted from the long time pyrolysis: flash pyrolysis produced small amounts of PAH

University for the Creative Arts staff research 2011

This publication brings together a selection of the University’s current research. The contributions foreground areas of research strength including still and moving image research, applied arts and crafts, as well as emerging fields of investigations such as design and architecture. It also maps thematic concerns across disciplinary areas that focus on models and processes of creative practice, value formations and processes of identification through art and artefacts as well as cross-cultural connectivity. Dr. Seymour Roworth-Stoke

A direct nuclear magnetic resonance method to investigate lysine acetylation of intrinsically disordered proteins

Intrinsically disordered proteins are frequent targets for functional regulation through post-translational modification due to their high accessibility to modifying enzymes and the strong influence of changes in primary structure on their chemical properties. While lysine Nε-acetylation was first observed as a common modification of histone tails, proteomic data suggest that lysine acetylation is ubiquitous among both nuclear and cytosolic proteins. However, compared with our biophysical understanding of the other common post-translational modifications, mechanistic studies to document how lysine Nε-acetyl marks are placed, utilized to transduce signals, and eliminated when signals need to be turned off, have not kept pace with proteomic discoveries. Herein we report a nuclear magnetic resonance method to monitor Nε-lysine acetylation through enzymatic installation of a13C-acetyl probe on a protein substrate, followed by detection through 13C direct-detect spectroscopy. We demonstrate the ease and utility of this method using histone H3 tail acetylation as a model. The clearest advantage to this method is that it requires no exogenous tags that would otherwise add steric bulk, change the chemical properties of the modified lysine, or generally interfere with downstream biochemical processes. The non-perturbing nature of this tagging method is beneficial for application in any system where changes to local structure and chemical properties beyond those imparted by lysine modification are unacceptable, including intrinsically disordered proteins, bromodomain containing protein complexes, and lysine deacetylase enzyme assays

Physical Properties of Massive Compact Starburst Galaxies with Extreme Outflows

© 2021. The Author(s). Published by the American Astronomical Society. This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 licence. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/We present results on the nature of extreme ejective feedback episodes and the physical conditions of a population of massive (M * ∼ 1011 M ⊙), compact starburst galaxies at z = 0.4–0.7. We use data from Keck/NIRSPEC, SDSS, Gemini/GMOS, MMT, and Magellan/MagE to measure rest-frame optical and near-IR spectra of 14 starburst galaxies with extremely high star formation rate surface densities (mean ΣSFR ∼ 2000 M ⊙ yr−1 kpc−2) and powerful galactic outflows (maximum speeds v 98 ∼ 1000–3000 km s−1). Our unique data set includes an ensemble of both emission ([O ii] λλ3726,3729, Hβ, [O iii] λλ4959,5007, Hα, [N ii] λλ6549,6585, and [S ii] λλ6716,6731) and absorption (Mg ii λλ2796,2803, and Fe ii λ2586) lines that allow us to investigate the kinematics of the cool gas phase (T ∼ 104 K) in the outflows. Employing a suite of line ratio diagnostic diagrams, we find that the central starbursts are characterized by high electron densities (median n e ∼ 530 cm−3), and high metallicity (solar or supersolar). We show that the outflows are most likely driven by stellar feedback emerging from the extreme central starburst, rather than by an AGN. We also present multiple intriguing observational signatures suggesting that these galaxies may have substantial Lyman continuum (LyC) photon leakage, including weak [S ii] nebular emission lines. Our results imply that these galaxies may be captured in a short-lived phase of extreme star formation and feedback where much of their gas is violently blown out by powerful outflows that open up channels for LyC photons to escape.Peer reviewedFinal Published versio