E2E-OAM in convergent sub-wavelength-MPLS environments

Personal use of this material is permitted. Permission from IEEE must be obtained for all other uses, in any current or future media, including reprinting/republishing this material for advertising or promotional purposes, creating new collective works, for resale or redistribution to servers or lists, or reuse of any copyrighted component of this work in other works. J. Fernandez-Palacios, J. Aracil, M. Basham, and M. Georgiades, "E2E-OAM in convergent sub-wavelength-MPLS environments", in Future Network and Mobile Summit, 2012, pp. 1-11This paper presents an End-to-End (E2E) Operations, Administration, and Maintenance (OAM) architecture for Telco networks including a Sub-wavelength domain. It addresses two main issues: compatibility between MPLS networks and different Sub-wavelength technologies, and scalability of the OAM flows across the whole network. The case for OPST Sub-wavelength technology in the data plane has been studied extensively, however this is the first study on a methodology to scale the number of OAM flows in an E2E scenario combing both subwavelength and MPLS switching domains. Finally the inter-carrier issue in E2E OAM is also explored

A Maternal–Offspring Coadaptation Theory for the Evolution of Genomic Imprinting

Imprinted genes are expressed either from the maternally or paternally inherited copy only, and they play a key role in regulating complex biological processes, including offspring development and mother–offspring interactions. There are several competing theories attempting to explain the evolutionary origin of this monoallelic pattern of gene expression, but a prevailing view has emerged that holds that genomic imprinting is a consequence of conflict between maternal and paternal gene copies over maternal investment. However, many imprinting patterns and the apparent overabundance of maternally expressed genes remain unexplained and may be incompatible with current theory. Here we demonstrate that sole expression of maternal gene copies is favored by natural selection because it increases the adaptive integration of offspring and maternal genomes, leading to higher offspring fitness. This novel coadaptation theory for the evolution of genomic imprinting is consistent with results of recent studies on epigenetic effects, and it provides a testable hypothesis for the origin of previously unexplained major imprinting patterns across different taxa. In conjunction with existing hypotheses, our results suggest that imprinting may have evolved due to different selective pressures at different loci

Lutte contre les nuisances automobiles et économies d'énergie. Tentative d'une typologie, recherche d'une problématique

Are control vehicle nuisance and energy savings seeking compatible targets? Will current used techno¬logies in the automotive industry enable to realize convergent per¬formances in the field of pollutant emission, noice and fuel consumption reduction? A typology of various technologies according to their effects on each of above targets is set out.La lutte contre les nuisances automobiles et la recherche d'économies d'énergie sont-ils des objectifs compatibles ? Les techniques actuellement utilisées ou maîtrisées par les constructeurs automobiles permettront-elles de réaliser des performances convergentes dans le domaine de la réduction des émissions de polluants, du bruit et de la consommation de carburant ? L'article présente une typologie de différentes techniques en fonction de leurs effets sur chacun des objectifs en question