MENINGKATKAN PENGETAHUAN CARA MENCUCI TANGAN DAN PENGGUNAAN MASKER YANG BENAR MELALUI PENYULUHAN KESEHATAN PADA ANAK

Abstrak: Perilaku mencuci tangan menggunakan sabun dan handsanitizer untuk memutuskan mata rantai penularan penyakit dan penggunaan masker adalah salah satu langkah pencegahan yang dapat membatasi penyebaran penyakit-penyakit saluran pernapasan tertentu yang diakibatkan oleh virus. Tujuan Kegiatan : Meningkatkan pengetahuan anak dan juga orang tua mengenai cara cuci tangan dan  penggunaan masker yang benar. Metode Kegiatan : Melalui penyuluhan dengan menggunakan video pembelajaran dan praktik langsung dengan handsanitizer, kegiatan ini diikuti oleh 20 anak dan kegiatan dilakukan secara daring dan luring. Hasil Kegiatan : Terdapat peningkatan pengetahuan anak dan kemandirian anak dalam pengetahuan dan praktek cara cuci tangan dan penggunaan masker yang benar sebesar (85%). Abstract:The behavior of washing hands using soap and handsanitizer to break the chain of disease transmission and the use of masks is one of the preventive measures that can limit the spread of certain respiratory diseases caused by viruses. Activity Objective: Increase the knowledge of children and parents about how to wash hands and use masks correctly. Activity Methods: Through outreach using instructional videos and hands-on hands-on practice, this activity was attended by 20 children and activities were carried out online and offline. Results of the activity. There was an increase in children's knowledge and independence in the knowledge and practice of how to wash hands and use masks correctly (85%)

Mortality from gastrointestinal congenital anomalies at 264 hospitals in 74 low-income, middle-income, and high-income countries: a multicentre, international, prospective cohort study

Summary Background Congenital anomalies are the fifth leading cause of mortality in children younger than 5 years globally. Many gastrointestinal congenital anomalies are fatal without timely access to neonatal surgical care, but few studies have been done on these conditions in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs). We compared outcomes of the seven most common gastrointestinal congenital anomalies in low-income, middle-income, and high-income countries globally, and identified factors associated with mortality. Methods We did a multicentre, international prospective cohort study of patients younger than 16 years, presenting to hospital for the first time with oesophageal atresia, congenital diaphragmatic hernia, intestinal atresia, gastroschisis, exomphalos, anorectal malformation, and Hirschsprung’s disease. Recruitment was of consecutive patients for a minimum of 1 month between October, 2018, and April, 2019. We collected data on patient demographics, clinical status, interventions, and outcomes using the REDCap platform. Patients were followed up for 30 days after primary intervention, or 30 days after admission if they did not receive an intervention. The primary outcome was all-cause, in-hospital mortality for all conditions combined and each condition individually, stratified by country income status. We did a complete case analysis. Findings We included 3849 patients with 3975 study conditions (560 with oesophageal atresia, 448 with congenital diaphragmatic hernia, 681 with intestinal atresia, 453 with gastroschisis, 325 with exomphalos, 991 with anorectal malformation, and 517 with Hirschsprung’s disease) from 264 hospitals (89 in high-income countries, 166 in middleincome countries, and nine in low-income countries) in 74 countries. Of the 3849 patients, 2231 (58·0%) were male. Median gestational age at birth was 38 weeks (IQR 36–39) and median bodyweight at presentation was 2·8 kg (2·3–3·3). Mortality among all patients was 37 (39·8%) of 93 in low-income countries, 583 (20·4%) of 2860 in middle-income countries, and 50 (5·6%) of 896 in high-income countries (p<0·0001 between all country income groups). Gastroschisis had the greatest difference in mortality between country income strata (nine [90·0%] of ten in lowincome countries, 97 [31·9%] of 304 in middle-income countries, and two [1·4%] of 139 in high-income countries; p≤0·0001 between all country income groups). Factors significantly associated with higher mortality for all patients combined included country income status (low-income vs high-income countries, risk ratio 2·78 [95% CI 1·88–4·11], p<0·0001; middle-income vs high-income countries, 2·11 [1·59–2·79], p<0·0001), sepsis at presentation (1·20 [1·04–1·40], p=0·016), higher American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) score at primary intervention (ASA 4–5 vs ASA 1–2, 1·82 [1·40–2·35], p<0·0001; ASA 3 vs ASA 1–2, 1·58, [1·30–1·92], p<0·0001]), surgical safety checklist not used (1·39 [1·02–1·90], p=0·035), and ventilation or parenteral nutrition unavailable when needed (ventilation 1·96, [1·41–2·71], p=0·0001; parenteral nutrition 1·35, [1·05–1·74], p=0·018). Administration of parenteral nutrition (0·61, [0·47–0·79], p=0·0002) and use of a peripherally inserted central catheter (0·65 [0·50–0·86], p=0·0024) or percutaneous central line (0·69 [0·48–1·00], p=0·049) were associated with lower mortality. Interpretation Unacceptable differences in mortality exist for gastrointestinal congenital anomalies between lowincome, middle-income, and high-income countries. Improving access to quality neonatal surgical care in LMICs will be vital to achieve Sustainable Development Goal 3.2 of ending preventable deaths in neonates and children younger than 5 years by 2030

ISEA 95 Montréal : Actes, 6e Symposium des arts électroniques = ISEA 95 Montréal : Proceedings, 6th International Symposium on Electronic Arts

The ISEA 95 colloquim proceedings include 82 essays presenting the electronic arts in terms of a new aesthetic environment shaping both body and mind. The authors discuss virtual reality, hypertext, interactivity, and computer-generated images. Untranslated texts. Circa 350 bibl. ref