Forming Different Planetary Systems

With the increasing number of detected exoplanet samples, the statistical properties of planetary systems have become much clearer. In this review, we summarize the major statistics that have been revealed mainly by radial velocity and transiting observations, and try to interpret them within the scope of the classical core-accretion scenario of planet formation, especially in the formation of different orbital architectures for planetary systems around main sequence stars. Based on the different possible formation routes for different planet systems, we tentatively classify them into three major catalogs: hot Jupiter systems, standard systems and distant giant planet systems. The standard system can be further categorized into three sub-types under different circumstances: solar-like systems, hot Super-Earth systems, sub-giant planet systems. We also review the planet detection and formation in binary systems as well as planets in star clusters.Comment: 27 pages, 2 figures, 1 table, published in "Research in Astron. Astrophysics." 2012, 12,108

Effect of light exposure on linalool biosynthesis and accumulation in grape berries

<p>Linalool is an important compound that contributes to the floral aroma in wines. This study showed the effect of light exposure on linalool accumulation in berries. The grape bunches were covered with films that block the full light spectrum (Shade) and the UV spectrum (UV-block), and a transparent film (Control). The linalool content was significantly higher in juice from Control-covered berries than in juice from Shade- and UV-block-covered berries, and the expression levels of the representative genes in linalool biosynthesis in Shade- and UV-block-covered berries were markedly lower than in Control-covered berries. These findings suggest that exposing berries to light is essential for linalool biosynthesis. To reflect sunlight onto grape clusters, reflective sheets were placed on the ground of a vineyard. The linalool content in berries exposed to sunlight reflected from the reflective sheets was higher than those in the control.</p> <p>Effect of reflective sheets on linalool accumulation. (A) The grapes of Riesling (<i>Vitis vinifera</i> L.), (B) Linalool contents in grapes.</p

〈Case Reports〉New catheter stent using a nelaton catheter for treatment of cervical stenosis in postmenopausal women with pyometra

[Abstract]　We developed a new catheter stent as a safe, easy and effective treatment method for cervical stenosis. Two postmenopausal women with pyometra were treated using a new catheter stent. The cervical canal is identified with a uterine sound under ultrasound guidance. A sterilized catheter stent using a nelaton catheter is then placed in the cervical canal for 3 months because of increasing re-stenosis of uterine cervix placing the another catheter within 2 months. Resolution of pyometra was achieved in both patients immediately after catheter stent insertion. At follow-up after removal of the tube, there was no evidence of recurrence of cervical stenosis. The new catheter stent can be placed for a long period and removed easily without any sutures or specialized instruments. There is no need for general anesthesia during our management procedure, which is beneficial in the office setting. This temporary catheter stent is both effective and safe in the treatment of cervical stenosis.Mituhashi, Youji, Ohmura, Gen, Amano, Youk

〈Case Reports〉Effective combination chemotherapy of taxanes and platinum in advanced uterine cervica cancer: a case report

[Abstract]　The prognosis of advanced cervical cancer remains poor. Recently, the significant activity of paclitaxel has been shown in advanced cervical cancers. We report a patient with advanced uterine cervical cancer who responded to neoadjuvant combination chemotherapy with taxanes and platinum. The patient was a 53-year old woman who presented with pollakisuria, lumbago, and pain in the anus and inguinal lesion, without genital bleeding. The findings indicated a clinical diagnosis of stage 4b disease with lung metastasis. We performed neoadjuvant combination chemotherapy with 7 courses of TC therapy (paclitaxel and carboplatin) and 7 courses of DP therapy (docetaxel and cisplatin) with a good effect.Mituhashi, Youji, Ohmura, Gen, Amano, Youk

Fabrication of the Si Ultra-sm all MOSFET by Using Anisotropic Etching and Room Temperature Observation of the Coulomb Blockade Oscillations

結晶面方位に依存した異方性エッチングを用いて, 線幅制御された均―なSi量子細線をSIMOX基板上に作製するプロセスを開発し, 本方法を用いて作製したSi細線MOSFETで室温において単一電子現象であるクーロンブロッケード振動を観測することに成功した. この方法では, 量子細線の線幅はリソグラフィに依存せず, SIMOX基板のSi膜厚のみで決定されるので極めて制御性が良い. 最小線幅は10nm以下と見積もられる. Si細線MOSFETのクーロンブロッケード振動は, 77Kではより顕著になり, さらに低温では複数の鋭いピークに分裂した. 実験結果をもとにチャネル中の構造を検討し, 複数の量子ドットが弱くカップリングしていることを明らかにした