Potencial anti-inflamatório das raízes de Jungia sellowii Less., no modelo agudo da pleurisia induzida pela carragenina, em camundongos

Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Farmácia, Florianópolis, 2017.Introdução: Jungia sellowii Less (J. sellowii L.) (Asteraceae) é um subarbusto encontrado no Sul e Sudeste do Brasil, conhecida como Jasmin do banhado ou Erva-de-Mula, sendo tradicionalmente utilizada na medicina popular como agente anti-inflamatório. Objetivos: 1) Avaliar o perfil tóxico do extrato bruto (EB) de J. sellowii L.; 2) Avaliar o efeito anti-inflamatório do EB, frações e compostos isolados de J. sellowii L., administrados por via intraperitoneal (i.p.), utilizando-se o modelo murino da pleurisia induzida pela carragenina. Metodologia: Raízes de J.sellowii L. foram extraídas com etanol e água para a obtenção do EB, este por sua vez foi particionado com diferentes solventes de ordem crescente de polaridade para a obtenção das frações hexano (Hex), diclorometano (DCM), acetato de etila (AcOEt), butanol (BuOH) e aquosa (Aq). Os compostos curcuhidroquinona O-ß-glicose (CuR) e o piptizol (Pip) foram isolados das frações BuOH e AcOEt, respectivamente. Camundongos albinos Swiss, fêmeas, (18-22 g) foram utilizados nos experimentos. A inflamação foi induzida por uma injeção intrapleural de carragenina (Cg 1%) segundo Saleh et al., 1996. Os parâmetros inflamatórios foram analisados no lavado da cavidade pleural e no pulmão dos camundongos após 4 h da administração da carragenina. Diferenças estatísticas entre os grupos foram determinadas por análise de variância (ANOVA), complementado pelo teste de Newman-Keuls. Valores de p Abstract : Introduction: Jungia sellowii Less (J. sellowii L.) (Asteraceae) is a sub-shrub found South and Southeast Brazil, popularly known as Swamp-Jasmine or Mule-Herb, used in folk medicine as an anti-inflammatory agent. Objectives: 1) To evaluate the toxic profile of the crude extract (EB) of J. sellowii L.; 2) To evaluate the anti-inflammatory effect of EB, fractions and compounds isolated from J. sellowii.L, administered by intraperitoneal (i.p.) route, using the murine model of pleurisy induced by carrageenan. Methodology: J. sellowii L. roots were extracted with ethanol and water to obtain the EB, which in turn was partitioned with different solvents of increasing order of polarity to obtain the fractions hexane (Hex), dichloromethane (DCM), ethyl acetate (AcOEt), butanol (BuOH) and aqueous (Aq). The compounds curcuhydroquinone O-ß-glucose (CuR) and piptizol (Pip) were isolated from the BuOH and AcOEt fractions, respectively. Female albino Swiss mice (18-22 g) were used in the experiments. The inflammation was induced by an intrapleural injection of carrageenan (Cg 1%) according to Saleh et al., 1996. The inflammatory parameters were analyzed in the pleural cavity and lungs of mice 4 h after carrageenan administration. Statistical differences between groups were determined by analysis of variance (ANOVA), complemented by the Newman-Keuls test. Values of p <0.05 were considered significant. Results: The results indicate the non-toxic nature of EB up to 2000 mg / kg, (i.p.) in vivo. The animals pre-treated with EB, fractions: Aq, BuOH, AcOEt and isolated compounds: CuR and Pip presented an anti-inflammatory effect by decrease the inflammatory parameters studied in the model of pleuresiy of Cg (p <0.05). In addition, CuR and Pip inhibited the phosphorylation of the subunit p65 of NF-kB (p-p65) and protein p38MAPK in the lungs of mice (p <0.01). Conclusion: EB demonstrated safe high-dose in vivo activity. The anti-inflammatory effect of J. sellowii L is related to the decrease of mediators in chemotaxis and exudation, and the anti-inflammatory mechanism of action is related to inhibition of p65 signaling pathways of NF-?B and p38MAPK

Estratégias para o desenvolvimento da bioeconomia no estado do Amazonas

This paper presents an overview of the state of Amazonas in terms of the development of a bioeconomy strongly linked to the potential of natural resources. This discussion fits well into the search of alternatives for the state’s economy, very centralized by the Manaus Industrial Park (PIM), which becomes increasingly threatened year after year. Thus, the article presents a relationship between the potential of local offerings and technological and market demands. It also discusses the economic and technological impacts of biodiversity innovation and human resources training, needed to leverage the development of applied science to the conversion of natural products into commercial products.O presente trabalho apresenta um panorama da realidade do estado do Amazonas com relação ao desenvolvimento de uma bioecomonia fortemente ligada com as potencialidades dos recursos naturais. Essa discussão se encaixa nas buscas por alternativas para economia do estado, muito centralizada pelo Polo Industrial de Manaus (PIM), que se torna ano a ano cada vez mais ameaçado. Dessa forma, o artigo apresenta uma relação entre as ofertas das potencialidades locais com as demandas tecnológicas e de mercado. Discute também os impactos econômicos e tecnológicos de inovação em biodiversidade e capacitação dos recursos humanos, que são necessários para alavancar o desenvolvimento de uma ciência aplicada na conversão de produtos da natureza em produtos comerciais

Pharmaceutical policies for gaining access to high-priced medicines: a comparative analysis between England and Brazil

Even though the National Health Service (NHS) and Unified Health System (SUS) are systems with similar universal principles, they can show different political measure patterns in the pharmaceutical field. The aim was to provide a comparative analysis of pharmaceutical policies highlighting strategies to guarantee sustainability and access to high-price medicines (HPM) between Brazil and England. An integrative literature review was performed in electronic databases between January 2009 and December 2019, supplemented by grey literature searched in governmental platforms (laws, decrees, ordinances, and resolutions). A total of 47 articles and 7 policies were selected for analysis, categorised according to the lifecycle of a pharmaceutical product framework. The results showed that both countries applied distinct policies to guarantee access to HPM, between them, policies to define prices and reimbursements, and actions to regulate the access and use of these medicines in the health systems. Also, these countries apply distinct policies to their own sustainability. While Brazil often uses partnerships for productive development, England uses a collaborative accelerated access program. In conclusion, despite similarities in the normative principles, these countries have been proposing and applying distinct policies to maintain access to HPM and ensure the sustainability of their health systems

Anti-Inflammatory Profile of Jungia sellowii Less. by Downregulation of Proinflammatory Mediators and Inhibition of NF-κB and p38 Pathways

Jungia sellowii Less. (Asteraceae) is a native plant found in Southeast Brazil used traditionally to treat inflammatory diseases. This study was conducted (1) to investigate the toxicity of the crude extract (CE) and (2) to investigate the mechanism of the anti-inflammatory action of J. sellowii L. roots. The potential acute toxicity of CE was performed by administration of only different doses of CE (500, 1,000, and 2,000 i.p.) on mice for 14 days. The anti-inflammatory effect was evaluated using carrageenan-induced acute pleural cavity inflammation in a mouse model, evaluated through the following inflammatory variables: leukocyte, protein concentrations of the exudate, myeloperoxidase (MPO), adenosine deaminase (ADA), nitric oxide metabolites (NOx), and proinflammatory cytokine (tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), interferon gamma (IFN-γ), interleukin- (IL-) 6, and IL-12) levels in mouse pleural fluid leakage. The p65 protein phosphorylation of nuclear factor NF-kappa B (p65 NF-κB) and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38 MAPK) phosphorylation were analyzed in lung tissue. Our results demonstrated that the administration of CE up to 2,000 mg/kg did not present a toxic effect. In addition, the pretreatment of mice with CE; its derived fractions (aqueous fraction (AqF), butanol fraction (BuOHF), and ethyl acetate fraction (EtOAcF)); and isolated compounds (curcuhydroquinone O-β-glucose (CUR) and α and β piptizol (Pip)) reduced the following inflammatory variables: neutrophils, protein concentrations of the exudate, MPO, ADA, NOx, and proinflammatory cytokine (TNF-α, IFN-γ, IL-6, and IL-12) levels in mouse pleural fluid leakage. The compounds CUR and Pip also decreased the p65 protein phosphorylation of NF-kappa B and p38 (MAPK) in lung tissue. J. sellowii L. has important anti-inflammatory activity with potential applications in drug development against inflammatory disorders. These effects found can be attributed to the ability of the new isolated compounds CUR and Pip to suppress p65 NF-κB and p-p38 MAPK pathways