COMPARATIVE EVALUATION OF ORAL MICROBIOTA OF CHILDREN WITH AND WITHOUT EARLY CHILDHOOD CARIES BORN TO CARIES FREE MOTHERS

Objectives: To compare the level of mutans streptococci in children with and without Early childhood caries (ECC) born to caries free mothers.Methods: Twenty children aged between 3 and 6 years were selected depending on their caries experience, and the mother should be caries free inboth the groups. The children were divided into two groups. Group I had an active carious lesion and Group II were caries free. Saliva samples werecollected from the child and the mother in a sterile tube and bacterial culture was carried out to estimate the colony count.Results: There was a highly significant difference in the colony forming unit (CFU) between the 2 groups, indicating higher CFU in children with ECC.Conclusions: Even though there are higher chances of vertical transmission of MS from mother to their child, this study provides a new view thatmother alone is not a potential factor for mutans streptococci transmission to their child.Keywords: Mutans streptocci, Early childhood caries, Colony forming unit

Growth and Mass Spectrometry Profile of Alternaria Alternata Pigment Grown in Maize Grain extract

Alternaria species are common saprophytes found in a variety of habitats as ubiquitous agents of decay. Alternaria spp. produces about sixty different secondary metabolites. In the present investigation, growth and production of pigment from Alternaria alternata was studied in maize grain extract at pH 4-9. The reddish brown pigment was extracted, estimated and partially purified by fractionation. Through mass spectrometry, major constituents of pigment from Alternaria alternata such as Tenuazoic acid (m/z 198), Stemphyperylenol (m/z 253), Alterperylenol (m/z 351), Alternariol (m/z 259.200), Altenuene (m/z 292), Alternarienoic acid (m/z 279.35) and Alternariol 5 methyl ether (m/z 273.20) were identified. The bio-prospecting of these secondary metabolites in industrial applications is also discussed

Design and baseline characteristics of the finerenone in reducing cardiovascular mortality and morbidity in diabetic kidney disease trial

Background: Among people with diabetes, those with kidney disease have exceptionally high rates of cardiovascular (CV) morbidity and mortality and progression of their underlying kidney disease. Finerenone is a novel, nonsteroidal, selective mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist that has shown to reduce albuminuria in type 2 diabetes (T2D) patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) while revealing only a low risk of hyperkalemia. However, the effect of finerenone on CV and renal outcomes has not yet been investigated in long-term trials. Patients and Methods: The Finerenone in Reducing CV Mortality and Morbidity in Diabetic Kidney Disease (FIGARO-DKD) trial aims to assess the efficacy and safety of finerenone compared to placebo at reducing clinically important CV and renal outcomes in T2D patients with CKD. FIGARO-DKD is a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group, event-driven trial running in 47 countries with an expected duration of approximately 6 years. FIGARO-DKD randomized 7,437 patients with an estimated glomerular filtration rate >= 25 mL/min/1.73 m(2) and albuminuria (urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio >= 30 to <= 5,000 mg/g). The study has at least 90% power to detect a 20% reduction in the risk of the primary outcome (overall two-sided significance level alpha = 0.05), the composite of time to first occurrence of CV death, nonfatal myocardial infarction, nonfatal stroke, or hospitalization for heart failure. Conclusions: FIGARO-DKD will determine whether an optimally treated cohort of T2D patients with CKD at high risk of CV and renal events will experience cardiorenal benefits with the addition of finerenone to their treatment regimen. Trial Registration: EudraCT number: 2015-000950-39; ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT02545049

Success Models Using Knowledge Seekers' and Experts' Responses for Knowledge and E-Learning Portals

The purpose of this chapter is to present a comprehensive summary on the frameworks and metrics which are useful for evaluating the knowledge systems and portals. In addition, this paper further explores the relationship of knowledge seekers and expert's response in addition to other feedback. The primary goal of this chapter is to provide a literature survey and description of service based technology framework which will be helpful for evaluating the effectiveness of the E-learning portals and/or KM Systems. This proposed work also finds the correlation between the evaluation results of knowledge providers and seekers. The secondary part of this chapter provides a comparative summary on four success models and factors for evaluating knowledge systems and E-learning portals. </jats:p