Imprisoning men in violence: Masculinity and sexual abuse: a view from South African prisons

This article explores sexual violence in male prisons in South Africa. It focuses on the social meanings and identities that surround sexual violence, particularly the ideas of manhood that shape both the perpetration of sexual abuses and how it is dealt with – or not. The dominant inmate culture endorses prison rape and long-term relationships of sexual abuse, largely through legitimising violence and through replicating societal notions of gender and sexuality. The Department of Correctional Services and its staff have so far failed to meaningfully engage with the problem of sexual violence in prisons, or to provide adequate support for victims. There are indications that the department may be beginning to address the problem, but past attempts to get the issue of sexual violence recognised, provide cautions as to how this should be done. Specifically, there is a need to ensure that damaging and brutal notions of masculinity are challenged rather than accentuated in the process of addressing the problem

High spatial resolution observations of CUDSS14A: a SCUBA-selected ultraluminous galaxy at high redshift

The definitive version is available at www.blackwell-synergy.com '. Copyright Blackwell Publishing DOI : 10.1046/j.1365-8711.2000.03822.xWe present a high-resolutionmillimetre interferometric image of the brightest SCUBA- selected galaxy from the Canada-UK deep SCUBA survey (CUDSS). We make a very clear detection at 1.3 mm, but fail to resolve any structure in the source.Peer reviewe

Access to Land and Poverty Reduction in Rural Zambia: Connecting the Policy Issues

Key Policy Message: - Despite having relatively low population densities, inadequate access to land is one of the major causes of rural poverty in Zambia. - The apparent paradox of inadequate access to land for many rural households in a country of low population density is partially reconciled when taking into account that economically viable arable land requires at least some degree of access to basic services, water, road infrastructure, and markets. The basic public investments to make settlement economically viable have yet been made in many areas of Zambia. - Depending of future land allocation policy, access to good quality land with a market potential may become increasingly beyond the reach of many small-scale farm households, making it more difficult to achieve a smallholder-led, pro-poor agricultural development trajectory.zambia, food security, land, policy, Agricultural and Food Policy, Community/Rural/Urban Development, Consumer/Household Economics, Food Security and Poverty, Land Economics/Use, q18, q15,

Effect of Ankle Taping on Dynamic Balance and Perception of Stability

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine the actual and perceived effect of taping on dynamic stability. Methods: 21 physically active subjects [12 females (age = 20.33 ± 1.44 years, height = 165 ± 0.05 cm, mass = 68.76 ± 12.69 kg), and 9 males (age = 21.33 ± 1.66 years, height = 180 ± 0.10 cm, mass = 86.54 ± 9.46 kg)] participated in this study. Dynamic stability and perception of stability were assessed barefoot and with the ankle taped. The taped ankle condition used a standard preventive tape application including two anchors, three stirrups, close downs, horseshoes, two heel locks per side and two figures of eight. The Biodex Balance System SD was used to measure medial-lateral and anterior-posterior stability. Dynamic balance was assessed in a single leg stance during three 20-second trials at stability level 4. A 30-second rest period was provided between trials. Perception of stability was assessed using a 4-point Likert scale (1 = very unstable, 2 = unstable, 3 = stable, 4 = very stable) after each test session. Independent variables were counter-balanced to minimize the effects of fatigue associated with the testing procedures. A Repeated measures ANOVA was used to analyze the difference between barefoot and ankle tape for medial-lateral and anterior-posterior dynamic stability indices and perception of stability. All tests of significance were carried out at an alpha level = 0.05. The Bonferroni post hoc test was used for all paired comparisons. Results: Significant differences were not found for medial-lateral stability (Barefoot = 1.24 ± 0.63, Taped = 1.21 ± 0.72) nor anterior-posterior stability (Barefoot = 1.70 ± 1.07, Taped = 1.50 ± 0.89). Significant differences were found for perception of stability (Barefoot = 2.57 ± 0.60, Taped = 3.32 ± 0.67, p = 0.000). Conclusions: The use of ankle taping had no influence on dynamic stability measures in this study. Ankle taping did cause an increased perception of stability suggesting that ankle taping may have more of a placebo effect in uninjured ankles

iMapD: intrinsic Map Dynamics exploration for uncharted effective free energy landscapes

We describe and implement iMapD, a computer-assisted approach for accelerating the exploration of uncharted effective Free Energy Surfaces (FES), and more generally for the extraction of coarse-grained, macroscopic information from atomistic or stochastic (here Molecular Dynamics, MD) simulations. The approach functionally links the MD simulator with nonlinear manifold learning techniques. The added value comes from biasing the simulator towards new, unexplored phase space regions by exploiting the smoothness of the (gradually, as the exploration progresses) revealed intrinsic low-dimensional geometry of the FES

Publishing and Politics: Translating Contemporary Russian Fiction into English

Translation can be regarded an intrinsically political act. Whether it is undertaken for reasons of activism, as a form of cultural diplomacy, from a love of literature, or as an instrument of colonisation, the asymmetric balance of power between dominant and dominated languages inevitably can move translated fiction beyond purely literary concerns. Taking the extra-literary motives behind translation as its point of departure, this PhD explores the ways in which Anglo-Russian politics and ensuing political bias influences the translation of contemporary Russian fiction into English. To discover these points of confluence, I compare the commission, translation, marketing, and reception of novels from two politically opposed groups of Russian writers: “liberals” Vladimir Sorokin, Ludmila Ulitskaya and Mikhail Shishkin, and “nationalists” Zakhar Prilepin, Mikhail Elizarov and Roman Senchin. Inspired by Pierre Bourdieu’s research into the publishing industry in 1990s France, I site the field of contemporary Russian-English translated fiction within the global literary market. I apply an agent-based microhistorical methodology as advocated by Jeremy Munday in order to identify the macro-literary dynamics that govern this particular translation field. By creating translation histories around contemporary Russian novels that have been largely marketed via politicised paratexts in the UK and US, I ask why certain texts are translated rather than others, why some translations are more commercially successful, and to what extent political bias and economic constraints govern the translation process. My research is primarily informed by thirty-eight interviews with editors, literary agents, translators, and Russian authors. These reveal the under-researched gatekeeping processes both within Russia and the Anglophone literary market. Combined with close textual and paratextual analysis of translations from my six key authors, and an evaluation of their extra-literary activities, this study locates the points of confluence between the realms of Russian-English translated fiction and contemporary geopolitics.European Commissio