Examining the Pre-High School Roots of the Black and Latino Male Dropout Crisis in New York City

This report examines how the achievement levels of Black and Latino males vary across New York City neighborhoods and work to identify the neighborhoods where the needs of the two populations are most critical. Differences in characteristics of the middle schools and students in the low- and high-performing Community School Districts (CSDs) are examined to better understand the continually low performance of a large portion of Black and Latino males in New York City

Wealth, financial intermediation and growth

This paper presents empirical support for the existence of wealth effects in the contribution of financial intermediation to economic growth, and offers a theoretical explanation for these effects. Using GMM dynamic panel data techniques applied to study the growth-promoting effects of financial intermediation, we show that the exogenous contribution of financial development on economic growth has different effects for different levels of income per capita. We find that this contribution is generally increasing with the level of income per capita of the economy, up to a relatively high level of income. This contribution is consistently lower for poor countries; and for some low levels of income per capita it can be negative. We provide a model to account for these wealth effects. The model is a overlapping generations growth model where financial intermediaries implement liquidity risk sharing among depositors. We show that at early stages of economic development, a bank can increase welfare of its depositors only at the cost of lowering investment and growth. However, once the economy has crossed certain wealth threshold, the liquidity role of banks becomes unambiguously growth enhancing. As wealth increases, banks offer improving liquidity insurance, and higher growth; however, for high levels of wealth, growth generated by financial intermediation declines as the economy attains the optimal level of consumption risk sharing.Financial development, economic growth, OLG growth models, liquidity, financial intermediation

Six Word Stories through Spain and Morocco

Pola Isabelle Bonete, Astrid Gaytan, and Jessica Cannon discuss student engagement at Linfield College with regard to intercultural competence and cultural sensitivity gained through their January Term 2019 course in Spain and Morocco.https://digitalcommons.linfield.edu/inauguration2019_students/1001/thumbnail.jp

Reseña de "Gobiernos locales trabajando: un recorrido a través de programas municipales que funcionan" de Enrique Cabrero Mendoza (coord.)

Desde hace algunos años, con el propósito de promover y facilitar el proceso de aprendizaje en tre gobiernos lo cales, se han puesto en marcha en diferentes países programas de premiación o reconocimiento a prácticas exitosas. En Estados Unidos de Norteamérica existe una amplia gama de premios, en tre los que destaca el programa In no va tions in Amer i can Gov ern ment administrado por el John F. Ken nedy School of Gov ern ment de la Universidad de Har vard, el cual se inició en 1986 y hasta la fecha ha galardonado más de cien iniciativas de gestión pública innovadoras en temas tan diversos como salud, justicia y bienestar so cial. En Filipinas, desde 1992, se realiza el Galing Pook Awards - In no va tion and Ex cel lence in Lo cal Governance

Los Comités Ciudadanos de Control y Vigilancia del Estado de México

La insuficiencia de los mecanismos tradicionales de rendición de cuentas ha dado lugar a que se desarrollen diversos esquemas para asegurar que la sociedad intervenga de forma eficiente y directa en el con trol de las actividades del gobierno: Comités de Vigilancia en Bolivia, Veedurías Ciudadanas en Colombia o Contraloría Social en México, entre otros. El éxito de esos programas usualmente se refiere al número de órganos creados. Sin embargo, el presente documento tiene como objetivo establecer, desde una perspectiva cualitativa, las características principales del modelo de contraloría so cial aplicado en el Estado de México. Los puntos centrales del análisis son: quiénes participan, cómo lo hacen, qué medios se utilizan para el ejercicio del con trol so cial y dónde se aplica.La insuficiencia de los mecanismos tradicionales de rendición de cuentas ha dado lugar a que se desarrollen diversos esquemas para asegurar que la sociedad intervenga de forma eficiente y directa en el control de las actividades del gobierno: Comités de Vigilancia en Bolivia, Veedurías Ciudadanas en Co lom bia o Contraloría So cial en México, en tre otros. El éxito de esos programas usualmente se refiere al número de órganos creados. Sin em bargo, el presente documento tiene como objetivo establecer, desde una perspectiva cualitativa, las características principales del modelo de contraloría so cial aplicado en el Estado de México. Los puntos centrales del análisis son: quiénes participan, cómo lo hacen, qué medios se utilizan para el ejercicio del con trol so cial y dónde se aplic

Banks, liquidity crises and economic growth

How do the liquidity functions of banks affect investment and growth at different stages of economic development? How do financial fragility and the costs of banking crises evolve with the level of wealth of countries? We analyze these issues using an overlapping generations growth model where agents, who experience idiosyncratic liquidity shocks, can invest in a liquid storage technology or in a partially illiquid Cobb Douglas technology. By pooling liquidity risk, banks play a growth enhancing role in reducing inefficient liquidation of long term projects, but they may face liquidity crises associated with severe output losses. We show that middle income economies may find optimal to be exposed to liquidity crises, while poor and rich economies have more incentives to develop a fully covered banking system. Therefore, middle income economies could experience banking crises in the process of their development and, as they get richer, they eventually converge to a financially safe long run steady state. Finally, the model replicates the empirical fact of higher costs of banking crises for middle income economies. –OLG growth models, liquidity, financial intermediation, financial fragility, banking crises

Banks, Liquidity Crises and Economic Growth

How do the liquidity functions of banks affect investment and growth at different stages of economic development? How do financial fragility and the costs of banking crises evolve with the level of wealth of countries? We analyze these issues using an overlapping generations growth model where agents can invest in a liquid storage technology or in a partially illiquid Cobb Douglas technology. By pooling liquidity risk, banks play a growth enhancing role in reducing inefficient liquidation of long term projects, but they may face liquidity crises associated with severe output losses. Middle income economies may find optimal to be exposed to liquidity crises, while poor and rich economies have more incentives to develop a fully covered banking system. Therefore, middle income economies could experience banking crises in the process of their development and, as they get richer, eventually converge to a financially safe long run steady state. The model also replicates the empirical fact of higher costs of banking crises for middle income economies. Finally, using GMM dynamic panel data techniques for a sample of 83 countries we show that growth implications of the model are consistent with the empirical facts.OLG growth models, liquidity, financial intermediation, financial fragility, banking crises

Reseña de "Gestión Local Creativa: Experiencias Innovadoras en México" de Rodolfo García del Castillo (coord.)

El Benchmarking se fundamenta sobre ideas bastante antiguas o incluso instintivas de la conducta humana, como son el aprender de los demás, imitar los ejemplos exitosos, mejorar y adaptar continuamente la manera de hacer las cosas. Este tipo de comportamiento se ha aplicado históricamente en el mundo de los negocios, con distintos grados de intensidad. No obstante, el origen del concepto de Benchmarking, tal como actualmente se conoce, es de fecha más bien reciente. Las primeras experiencias estructuradas de esta técnica fueron desarrolladas en Estados Unidos de Norteamérica por la Corporación Xerox a comienzos de la década de los 80, principalmente para identificar las diferencias en los estándares de desempeño mostrados por la compañía y por sus competidores en aspectos clave como: costo de producción, tiempo de los ciclos, costos de operación, rendimiento y características de los productos (Armijo, 2001

Design of a Microgravity Hybrid Inflatable Airlock

Spacewalks, or extra-vehicular activities (EVAs), are a critical component of human space exploration for science activities and habitat construction and maintenance. For NASA's proposed lunar Gateway system, an airlock module is required for vehicle maintenance, repair, and exploration. Traditional airlock structures are fully metallic, with two chambers, known as an equipment lock and a crew lock. The larger volume, called the equipment lock, serves as the storage, logistics and electronics area, while the smaller volume, called the crew lock, serves as the volume to transition from the vacuum of space to the pressurized cabin. A traditional metallic structure design offers mass efficiency for these elements, but cannot offer volume efficiency. The potential to use an inflatable fabric pressure shell supplemented by a metallic support structure allows for efficiency in both mass and volume. Inflatable structures are being used for human habitable space modules, starting with the Bigelow Expandable Activities Module on the International Space Station. They are high-strength fabric-based structures that are compactly stowed for launch and then, once in space, they are expanded and rigidized with internal pressure. They provide significant launch volume savings over metallic structures. For Gateway, a hybrid airlock design is proposed with both metallic and inflatable structural elements, taking advantage of each material's capabilities. A metallic equipment lock serves as both a docking node and provides pressurized volume for pre-EVA activities including pre-breathe and suit donning/doffing. A rigid equipment lock offers stowage space during launch for integrated hardware and suits. Adding an integrated inflatable crew lock provides the volume required for EVAs with minimal use of launch volume. Using dual inflatable crew locks provides redundancy and the capability to move large pieces of equipment into and out of the vehicle for repair and maintenance. The inflatable crew lock is deflated and packaged in the launch shroud and expanded after installation on the Gateway. This packing capability allows additional volume to be added to the equipment lock and fully utilize the capability of the launch vehicle. This report outlines the work completed to design, analyze, and test the systems of a microgravity airlock with inflatable crew locks. In detail, it includes launch vehicles, structural sizing of the metallic equipment lock, the fabric layers of the inflatable crew lock, the internal structure of the crew lock, the space suit interface elements, the crew restraint system, the hatches and pass-throughs, the material and thermal elements, and the crew operations for the usage of the system. This paper is meant to offer a reference design for a hybrid microgravity airlock design for deep space human exploration

DESCRIPCION DE LOS PRINCIPALES PROBLEMAS SUSCITADOS DUANTE LA CONSTRUCCION DEL C.E.C.A.O. UNIDAD VALLE DE BRAVO Y SU SOLUCION

Falta de planeación por parte de la Dirección de Obras Públicas del Estado de México adscrita a la Secretaria de Obras Públicas dependencia ejecutora que dio lugar al cambio del terreno donde originalmente de edificaría la obra, por otro de distintas dimensiones, características topográficas y propiedades de materiales, originando con ello la modificación del proyecto ejecutivo y catálogo de conceptos iniciales