Estudio de la calidad antioxidante de diferentes tés de Asia y Africa

El té es la segunda bebida más consumida en el mundo después del agua. Multitud de estudios se están llevando a cabo sobre sus efectos beneficiosos en la salud humana y muchos de ellos son atribuidos a las catequinas, los polifenoles más abundantes que contiene el té. Todos los diferentes tipos de tés se obtienen de la infusión de la hoja de la misma planta Camelia sinensis, pero el contenido en polifenoles de las infusiones es variable. En nuestro estudio hemos querido analizar el contenido de dichas catequinas en diferentes tés de Asia y África. Así mismo hemos desarrollado y validado un nuevo método analítico basado en tricloruro de hierro que permite analizar de forma precisa y barata el contenido en polifenoles de las infusiones de té. Mediante los métodos espectrofotométricos de Folin-Ciocalteau, radical DPPH y CUPRAC analizamos respectivamente el contenido en polifenoles, la capacidad antirradicalaria y la capacidad antioxidante de 40 tés distintos de Asia y Äfrica. Los extractos se hicieron con 1g de té en 50 ml de agua caliente siguiendo las indicaciones de temperatura y tiempo dadas por el fabricante de cada té. El nuevo método de tricloruro de hierro se puso a punto analizando las condiciones óptimas de pH, concentración y longitud de onda y se procedió a su validación como método para el análisis de los polifenoles del té. Una vez validado se utilizó para analizar el contenido en polifenoles de los 40 tés estudiados. Se analizó la correlación entre los mencionados métodos y los resultados se compararon con los obtenidos en el análisis por HPLC de algunos de estos tés. Obteniéndose una alta correlación entre todos ellos. Los resultados obtenidos indican una alta correlación entre todos los métodos utilizados y ponen de manifiesto las grandes diferencias que existen entre los diferentes tipos de tés en cuanto al contenido en polifenoles. Los tés que presentan mayor contenido en polifenoles son los tés verdes japoneses de la variedad Matcha, Sencha y Gyokuro. Los tés negros, oolong y puerh tienen valores sustancialmente más bajos. Nuestros resultados indican que los valores obtenidos dependen de la transformación de las diferentes muestras de té y de las distintas partes del té, polvo, tallos y hojas; utilizadas en las muestras estudiadas. El método del Tricloruro de hierro es económico, muy reproducible y fiable.Departamento de Biología Celular, Histología y Farmacologí

in vivo toxicity of the ribosome-inactivating lectin ebulin f in elderly mice

Producción CientíficaEbulin f is a ribosome-inactivating protein (RIP) present in green fruits of the dwarf elder (Sambucus ebulus L). Since dwarf elder fruits are used for food and as a medicine, we assessed the study of toxicological effects and safety of ebulin f in elderly mice, comparing these results with those reported in young animals and with other RIPs. Female Swiss mice aged 6 and 12 months of age were intraperitoneally injected with a single dose from 1.4 to 4.5 mg/kg ebulin f. Heart, stomach, intestines, lung, kidney, liver, spleen, pancreas, adrenal gland, uterus, ovary and brain were studied. Histology analysis was carried out by staining with hematoxylin and eosin and Masson's trichrome observed with a light microscope, or apoptosis detection by TUNEL method observed with a confocal laser microscope. Treated animals injected with the lower dose could recover their weights, but after 14 days half of them died. The higher dose caused a progressive loss of body weight leading to death. In the animals of the experimental groups it was found atrophy of Lieberkühn's crypts, pneumonia, nephronal degeneration, myocardial atrophy, centrolobular hepatic necrosis, splenic white pulp necrosis foci and increased rate of apoptosis in the intestines and liver, in which apoptoses were mainly located in the vicinity of the lobular central vein. We conclude that ebulin f affects vital organs in elderly mice.UVa-GIR Inmunotoxinas AntitumoralesUCM-CAM Research group 95024

Specific Immunotherapy Can Be A Useful Treatment in Seasonal Pollen Induced Esophagitis

[EN] Although pollen allergy is very common in patients with eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE), it is doubtful that pollen is an etiological agent to consider. We selected 255 patients suffered from esophagitis with seasonal exacerbation, and performed a real life study on the efficacy of immunotherapy with the detected pollen and avoidance of food, if was also detected. Allergens involved in EoE were identified by prick, specific IgE and molecular analysis: component resolved diagnosis (CRD) by microarrays. Microscopic examination of esophageal biopsies of patients with EoE were made to verify the presence of callose (polysaccharide abundant in the polinic tubes during germination, but absent in animal tissues) in the esophagus. Endoscopy and biopsy were performed ever six months of treatment. Esophageal mucosal sections were analyzed by scanning electron microscope Immunotherapy guided by molecular analysis and biopsy study was useful to decide the treatment (avoidance or targeted immunotherapy). This treatment allowed us a more reasonable restriction of food in the diet and specific immunotherapy aimed at the suspected allergens responsible for the disease. After immunotherapy, 188 (74%) patients were discharged whit negative biopsy, no symptoms, no medication, without relapse. Specific molecular guided immunotherapy can be a useful treatment in seasonal pollen induced esophagitisS

Age-Dependent Association between Low Frequency of CD27/CD28 Expression on pp65 CD8+ T Cells and Cytomegalovirus Replication after Transplantation

In this cross-sectional study of 42 solid organ transplant recipients, the association of human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) replication and age with the phenotype of the HCMV-specific CD8+ T cells was analyzed by using the CMV pp65 HLA-A*0201 pentamer. A correlation between the proportion of CD28− HCMV-specific CD8+ T cells and age was observed in patients without HCMV replication (r = 0.50; P = 0.02) but not in patients with HCMV replication (r = −0.05; P = 0.83), a finding which differs from that observed for total CD8+ T cells. Within the group of patients younger than 50 years of age, patients with HCVM replication after transplantation had higher percentages of CD28− HCMV-specific CD8+ T cells (85.6 compared with 58.7% for patients without HCMV replication; P = 0.004) and CD27− HCMV-specific CD8+ T cells (90.7 compared with 68.8% for patients without HCMV replication; P = 0.03). However, in patients older than age 50 years, a high frequency of these two subpopulations was observed in patients both with and without previous HCMV replication (for CD28− HCMV-specific CD8+ T cells, 84.4 and 80.9%, respectively [P = 0.39]; for CD27− HCMV-specific CD8+ T cells 86.6 and 81.5%, respectively [P = 0.16]). In conclusion, the present study shows that in the group of recipients younger than age 50 years, HCMV replication after transplantation is associated with a high percentage of CD27− and CD28− HCMV-specific CD8+ T cells. These results suggest that the increased percentage of CD27− or CD28− HCMV-specific subsets can be considered a biomarker of HCMV replication in solid organ transplant recipients younger than age 50 years but not in older patients. Further studies are necessary to define the significance of these changes in HCMV-associated clinical complications posttransplantation

Short-term prognosis of polypharmacy in elderly patients treated in emergency departments: results from the EDEN project

Background: Polypharmacy is a growing phenomenon among elderly individuals. However, there is little information about the frequency of polypharmacy among the elderly population treated in emergency departments (EDs) and its prognostic effect. This study aims to determine the prevalence and short-term prognostic effect of polypharmacy in elderly patients treated in EDs. Methods: A retrospective analysis of the Emergency Department Elderly in Needs (EDEN) project's cohort was performed. This registry included all elderly patients who attended 52 Spanish EDs for any condition. Mild and severe polypharmacy was defined as the use of 5-9 drugs and >10 drugs, respectively. The assessed outcomes were ED revisits, hospital readmissions, and mortality 30 days after discharge. Crude and adjusted logistic regression analyses, including the patient's comorbidities, were performed. Results: A total of 25,557 patients were evaluated [mean age: 78 (IQR: 71-84) years]; 10,534 (41.2%) and 5678 (22.2%) patients presented with mild and severe polypharmacy, respectively. In the adjusted analysis, mild polypharmacy and severe polypharmacy were associated with an increase in ED revisits [odds ratio (OR) 1.13 (95% confidence interval (CI): 1.04-1.23) and 1.38 (95% CI: 1.24-1.51)] and hospital readmissions [OR 1.18 (95% CI: 1.04-1.35) and 1.36 (95% CI: 1.16-1.60)], respectively, compared to non-polypharmacy. Mild and severe polypharmacy were not associated with increased 30-day mortality [OR 1.05 (95% CI: 0.89-2.26) and OR 0.89 (95% CI: 0.72-1.12)], respectively. Conclusion: Polypharmacy was common among the elderly treated in EDs and associated with increased risks of ED revisits and hospital readmissions 10 drugs. In these patients comorbidities were associated with an increase in the number of drugs. In the patients with severe polypharmacy (>10 drugs), diuretics were the most frequently drugs prescribed, followed by antihypertensives and statins. The results obtained indicate that polypharmacy is a frequent phenomenon among the elderly population treated in Emergency departments, being antihypertensives the most frequently used drugs in this population. Those patients who takes >10 drugs have a higher risk of new visits to the emergency room and hospital readmissions in short term period

In vivo toxicity of the ribosome- inactivating lectin ebulin f in elderly mice

Ebulin f is a ribosome-inactivating protein (RIP) present in green fruits of the dwarf elder (Sambucus ebulus L). Since dwarf elder fruits are used for food and as a medicine, we assessed the study of toxicological effects and safety of ebulin f in elderly mice, comparing these results with those reported in young animals and with other RIPs. Female Swiss mice aged 6 and 12 months of age were intraperitoneally injected with a single dose from 1.4 to 4.5 mg/kg ebulin f. Heart, stomach, intestines, lung, kidney, liver, spleen, pancreas, adrenal gland, uterus, ovary and brain were studied. Histology analysis was carried out by staining with hematoxylin and eosin and Masson’s trichrome observed with a light microscope, or apoptosis detection by TUNEL method observed with a confocal laser microscope. Treated animals injected with the lower dose could recover their weights, but after 14 days half of them died. The higher dose caused a progressive loss of body weight leading to death. In the animals of the experimental groups it was found atrophy of Lieberkühn’s crypts, pneumonia, nephronal degeneration, myocardial atrophy, centrolobular hepatic necrosis, splenic white pulp necrosis foci and increased rate of apoptosis in the intestines and liver, in which apoptoses were mainly located in the vicinity of the lobular central vein. We conclude that ebulin f affects vital organs in elderly mice