A beginner's guide to atomic force microscopy probing for cell mechanics

European Commission . Grant Number: CIG14-2013-631011 Dunhill Medical Trust . Grant Number: R454/111

Combined strategies for optimal detection of the contact point in AFM force-indentation curves obtained on thin samples and adherent cells

This work was supported in part by a Marie Curie CIG grant (PCIG14-GA-2013-631011 CSKFingerprints)

二周波数注入同期連続発振チタンサファイアレーザーの開発とその非線形光学現象への応用

This thesis describes the development of dual-frequency injection-locked (DFIL) continuous-wave titanium-sapphire laser and its applications in the study of cavity based stimulated Raman scattering and also in the generation of phase locked harmonics by optical frequency division technology to demonstrate the continuous wave based arbitrary optical wave form synthesis. At first, the DFIL laser fundamental properties such as single longitudinal mode profile, single transverse mode, and practical power stability were characterized. The DFIL laser delivers a maximum of 2.8 W total output power at a 10 W pump power. As the advanced abilities, desirable two frequency separation (1 THz to 10 THz) and well controlled relative output power ratios as a function of injection seed powers over a wide dynamic range were demonstrated. As an application of the DFIL laser, CW laser based stimulated Raman scattering in the para- H2 gas medium was studied. For this purpose, Ti: sapphire laser output was coupled to the high finesse optical cavity and observed multiple Stokes and anti-Stokes rotational Raman components of the para-H2 J=0 to J=2 rotational transition. Efficient anti-Stokes generation through four wave mixing process was obtained by controlling the gas density for a fixed mirror dispersion which was introduced from its dielectric coating. The output of the Ti: sapphire laser was coupled to an array of periodically poled lithium niobate (PPLN) wave guides, together with another IR frequency and generated phase locked five harmonics with a frequency spacing of 125 THz by the optical division technology. These phase locked harmonics were synthesized to obtain the arbitrary optical wave form by utilizing the novel technique of the freely controlled optical phases and amplitudes by controlling the thickness of the transparent dispersive media in the optical path. In this way, an ultrashort pulse train with a repetition rate of 125 THz and a pulse duration of 1.6 fs was obtained.電気通信大学201

Combinación de las técnicas cognitivo-conductuales tradicionales con las TIC para mejorar algunas conductas de habilidades sociales en el aula en un estudio de caso único de educación infantil

Treball Final de Grau en Mestre o Mestra de Educació Infantil. Codi: MI1040. Curs acadèmic: 2016/2017Social skills should be worked from a young age, so that these are developing and adapting to every moment of life. School is one of the places where social skills are worked from the first moment a child is in contact with other children, as a major socializing agent is presented. On some occasions, there are situations in which these behaviours are not well taken or it has a wrong use, either individual or collective. This paper is trying to respond to one of these situations with difficulties in social skills within the classroom, through a qualitative design of unique case. To do this, first we search for information on the topic and related theories. Then, a concrete and individual observation is carried out and after that, it is applied a combination of the traditional technique Camp&Bash and the technological application of Classdojo. After 15 days of intervention, the results indicate a substantial improvement in the social skills of the chils.Las habilidades sociales se deben trabajar desde una edad temprana, para que se vayan desenvolviendo y acoplando a cada momento de la vida. El colegio, es uno de los lugares donde se trabajan las habilidades sociales desde el primer momento de contacto, ya que se presenta un mayor agente socializador. En algunas ocasiones, se encuentran situaciones en las que estas conductas no están bien asumidas o tienen un mal uso, de manera individual o colectiva. En este trabajo, se intenta dar respuesta a una de estas situaciones con dificultades en las habilidades sociales dentro del aula, a través de un diseño cualitativo de caso único. Para ello, primero se realizó una búsqueda de información sobre el tema y teorías relacionadas. Después, se llevó a cabo una observación concreta e individual y a continuación, se aplicó la combinación de la técnica tradicional Camp&Bash y la aplicación tecnológica de Classdojo. Tras 15 días de intervención, los resultados indicaron una mejora sustancial en las habilidades sociales de la menor

La atención a la diversidad desde todos los ámbitos de actuación pedagógica

Treball Final de Grau en Mestre o Mestra d'Educació Primària. Codi: MP1040. Curs acadèmic: 2017-2018

Synthesis of a low molecular weight hydrogelator derived from l-valine and succinic acid and study of hydrogelation by its anion form

Treball Final de Grau en Química. Codi: QU0943. Curs acadèmic: 2019/2020Gels are materials that we use in our daily lives, often without realizing it because we find them in a variety of forms. Some of their properties, such as flexibility, malleability, and their storage capacity make them suitable for different fields such as medicine, the cosmetics industry, materials science, pharmacology, as well as the food or electronics industry. Gels have been studied since the 1860s, however, did not arouse a great interest until a century later. Although the study of gels began more than 150 years ago, it is still not possible today to find an adequate definition of this material that covers all its varieties. [...

Generation of five phase-locked harmonics by implementing a divide-by-three optical frequency divider

We report the generation of five phase-locked harmonics, f_1: 2403 nm, f_2: 1201 nm, f_3: 801 nm, f_4: 600 nm, and f_5: 480 nm with an exact frequency ratio of 1 : 2 : 3 : 4 : 5 by implementing a divide-by-three optical-frequency divider in the high harmonic generation process. All five harmonics are generated coaxially with high phase coherence in time and space, which are applicable for various practical uses.Comment: 6 pages, 6 figure

Oxygen, water and sodium chloride transport in Soft Contact Lenses Materials

[EN] Oxygen permeability, diffusion coefficient of the sodium ions and water flux and permeability in different conventional hydrogel (Hy) and silicone-hydrogel (Si-Hy) contact lenses have been measured experimentally. The results showed that oxygen permeability and transmissibility requirements of the lens have been addressed through the use of siloxane containing hydrogels. In general, oxygen and sodium chloride permeability values increased with the water content of the lens but there was a percolation phenomenon from a given value of water uptake mainly in the Si-Hy lenses which appeared to be related with the differences between free water and bound water contents. The increase of ion permeability with water content did not follow a unique trend indicating a possible dependence of the chemical structure of the polymer and character ionic and non-ionic of the lens. Indeed, the salt permeability values for silicone hydrogel contact lenses were one order of magnitude below those of conventional hydrogel contact lenses, which can be explained by a diffusion of sodium ions occurring only through the hydrophilic channels. The increase of the ionic permeability in Si-Hy materials may be due to the confinement of ions in nanoscale water channels involving possible decreased degrees of freedom for diffusion of both water and ions. In general, ionic lenses presented values of ionic permeability and diffusivity higher than most non-ionic lenses. The tortuosity of the ionic lenses is lower than the non-ionic Si-Hy lenses. Frequency 55 and PureVision exhibited the highest water permeability and flux values and, these parameters were greater for ionic Si-Hy lenses than for ionic conventional hydrogel lenses.Gavara, R.; Compañ Moreno, V. (2016). Oxygen, water and sodium chloride transport in Soft Contact Lenses Materials. Journal of Biomedical Materials Research Part B Applied Biomaterials. 105(8):2218-2231. doi:10.1002/jbm.b.33762S22182231105

Collagen-Based Mechanical Anisotropy of the Tectorial Membrane: Implications for Inter-Row Coupling of Outer Hair Cell Bundles

The tectorial membrane (TM) in the mammalian cochlea displays anisotropy, where mechanical or structural properties differ along varying directions. The anisotropy arises from the presence of collagen fibrils organized in fibers of approximately 1 microm diameter that run radially across the TM. Mechanical coupling between the TM and the sensory epithelia is required for normal hearing. However, the lack of a suitable technique to measure mechanical anisotropy at the microscale level has hindered understanding of the TM's precise role.Here we report values of the three elastic moduli that characterize the anisotropic mechanical properties of the TM. Our novel technique combined Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM), modeling, and optical tracking of microspheres to determine the elastic moduli. We found that the TM's large mechanical anisotropy results in a marked transmission of deformations along the direction that maximizes sensory cell excitation, whereas in the perpendicular direction the transmission is greatly reduced.Computational results, based on our values of elastic moduli, suggest that the TM facilitates the directional cooperativity of sensory cells in the cochlea, and that mechanical properties of the TM are tuned to guarantee that the magnitude of sound-induced tip-link stretching remains similar along the length of the cochlea. Furthermore, we anticipate our assay to be a starting point for other studies of biological tissues that require directional functionality

Generation of five phase-locked harmonics by implementing a divide-by-three optical frequency divider

We report the generation of five phase-locked harmonics, f1:2403  nm, f2:1201  nm, f:801  nm, f4:600  nm, and f5:480  nm with an exact frequency ratio of 1:2:3:4:5 by implementing a divide-by-three optical frequency divider in the high harmonic generation process. All five harmonics are generated coaxially with high phase coherence in time and space, which are applicable for various practical uses