Évaluation précoce des habiletés de communication orale et écrite à la suite d'un traumatisme cranio-cérébral

Essai présenté en vue de l’obtention du grade de doctorat en psychologie (D. Psy.) option neuropsychologie cliniqueContexte : Bien qu’il soit démontré que des difficultés de communication puissent survenir à la suite d’un traumatisme cranio-cérébral (TCC), peu d’études se sont attardées à ce type de difficultés dans les premiers jours suivant la blessure. Le but de cette étude est d’évaluer la performance d’adultes ayant subi un TCC à différentes épreuves de langage et d’utiliser ces données pour prédire leur devenir à court-terme. Nous visions également à déterminer si les variables démographiques et liées à l’accident permettent de prédire les difficultés de langage. Méthode : Une batterie de tests de langage a été administrée à 145 adultes TCC hospitalisés dans un centre de soins aigus ainsi qu’à 113 participants contrôles provenant de la communauté. Résultats : Les patients TCC ont obtenu de plus faibles performances aux tests de langage comparativement au groupe contrôle. Aussi, leurs performances aux tâches de fluence verbale et de discours conversationnel et procédural ont permis de prédire leur niveau de fonctionnement à court-terme. Enfin, l’âge, le niveau d’éducation, la sévérité du TCC et des lésions frontales, temporales et pariétales ont prédit certains résultats aux tests de langage. Conclusion : Les professionnels de la santé oeuvrant en centre hospitalier devraient être sensibles aux possibles difficultés cognitivo-communicationnelles de la clientèle TCC. Il est donc primordial d’offrir du soutien aux patients pour les tâches qu’ils pourraient avoir à accomplir durant leur hospitalisation, telles que la compréhension et la complétion de documents administratifs, médicaux et liés aux assurances.Background: Communication impairments following a traumatic brain injury (TBI) have been well documented, yet information regarding the acute period following the injury is limited in the literature. The goal of this study is to assess the performance of adults with TBI on different language tests and how it affects their early functional capacity. We also aimed to explore which demographical and accident-related variables would predict initial language impairments. Methods: Several language tests were administered to a sample of 145 adult patients with TBI of all severity admitted to an acute care service and to 113 healthy participants from the community. Results: Compared to healthy controls, TBI patients performed more poorly on all language tests. In addition, their performances on verbal fluency, conversational discourse and procedural discourse tasks predicted acute functional outcome. Finally, age, education, TBI severity and frontal, temporal and parietal lesions predicted some language performances. Conclusion: Health care professionals working in the acute care setting should be aware of the possible presence of cognitive-communication impairments in patients with TBI of any severity. These deficits can lead to functional problems and assistance may be required for tasks frequently encountered in acute care including understanding and completing administrative, medical or insurance documents

Le musée Exploramer : à la découverte du milieu marin du Saint-Laurent

Organisé autour de la muséologie et des sciences marines, Exploramer a pour principale mission de sensibiliser les publics à la préservation et à la reconnaissance du milieu marin du Saint-Laurent dans l’environnement à travers des activités de vulgarisation scientifique proposées au musée mais également lors d’excursions en mer

Pratiques, objets et finalités de collaboration en lien avec l’intégration des tablettes numériques dans une école secondaire

Bien que les technologies de l’information et de la communication (TIC) occupent une place de plus en plus prépondérante, tant au sein de la société que de l’école (Anderson, 2010), on remarque que leur intégration en contexte scolaire représente encore un défi de taille (Underwood et Dillon, 2011). Selon certains auteurs (Portelance, 2011; Desgagné, 1997), la collaboration constituerait un vecteur pour transformer les pratiques éducatives. Comment la collaboration peut-elle contribuer à ce changement que représente l’intégration des TIC? Les résultats d’une recherche-action, menée depuis trois ans de concert avec une école secondaire ayant pour objectif d’intégrer la tablette numérique, permet de mettre en lumière des pratiques, des objets et des finalités de collaboration qui ont émergé entre les différents acteurs, favorisant ainsi l’implantation de cet outil technologique. Although Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) play an increasingly predominant role (Anderson, 2010), their integration in school context is still a challenge (Underwood and Dillon, 2011). According to Portelance (2011) and Desgagné (1997), collaboration is one vector that can be used to transform educational practices. How can collaboration contribute to the ICT integration process into our schools? The results of an action research, conducted for three years along with a high school that aims to integrate digital tablet, allows to highlighting practices, objects and collaboration purposes that emerged between actors, therefore facilitating the implementation of this technological tool

Prise de notes numériques au secondaire : comparaison de la qualité des notes numériques avec celle des notes manuscrites

La prise de notes est une activité complexe, mais très importante pour l’apprentissage. C’est la raison pour laquelle cette activité occupe une très grande place dans la classe : elle est utilisée presque tous les jours et dans plusieurs cours. La plus grande accessibilité des technologies, comme l’iPad, offre maintenant aux élèves une nouvelle possibilité : prendre des notes numériques. Comment organiser la prise de notes avec une tablette ? Quels sont les effets de la tablette sur la prise de notes ? Dans la présente recherche, la comparaison de notes manuscrites et de notes numériques d’élèves de troisième secondaire d’une école où l’intégration du iPad s’étend à toutes les classes depuis 2014 a révélé certaines similitudes et différences. Ces dernières ont trait à l’organisation et au contenu des notes, à la qualité de la langue et à l’utilisation de procédés linguistiques de réduction

Time-dependent postmortem redistribution of butyrfentanyl and its metabolites in blood and alternative matrices in a case of butyrfentanyl intoxication

A fatal case of butyrfentanyl poisoning was investigated at the Zurich Institute of Forensic Medicine. At admission at the institute approx. 9 h after death (first time point, t1), femoral and heart blood (right ventricle) was collected, as well as samples from the lung, liver, kidney, spleen, muscle and adipose tissue using computed tomography (CT)-guided biopsy sampling. At autopsy (t2), samples from the same body regions were collected manually. Additionally, urine, heart blood (left ventricle), gastric content, brain samples and hair were collected. Butyrfentanyl concentrations and relative concentrations of the metabolites carboxy-, hydroxy-, nor-, and desbutyrfentanyl were determined by LC⿿MS/MS and LC-QTOF. At t1, butyrfentanyl concentrations were 66 ng/mL in femoral blood, 39 ng/mL in heart blood, 110 ng/g in muscle, 57 ng/g in liver, 160 ng/g in kidney, 3100 ng/g in lung, 590 ng/g in spleen and 550 ng/g in adipose tissue. At t2, butyrfentanyl concentration in urine was 1100 ng/mL, in gastric content 2000 ng/mL, in hair 11,000 pg/mg and brain concentrations ranged between 200⿿340 ng/g. Carboxy- and hydroxybutyrfentanyl were identified as most abundant metabolites. Comparison of t1 and t2 showed a concentration increase of butyrfentanyl in femoral blood of 120%, in heart blood of 55% and a decrease in lung of 30% within 19 h. No clear concentration changes could be observed in the other matrices. Postmortem concentration changes were also observed for the metabolites. In conclusion, butyrfentanyl seems to be prone to postmortem redistribution processes and concentrations in forensic death cases should be interpreted with caution

Alternative metallurgies reduce the cost of amine gas treating units

International audienceProduction facilities, including platforms or FPSO, are becoming more and more complex structures. Reducing the weight of the process units is an important challenge, and represents a huge source of costs savings. IFPEN, PROSERNAT and INDUSTEEL have evaluated two alternative metallurgies with high mechanical properties to reduce the weight of equipment of amine gas treating units (AGRU). Duplex stainless steels are considered as an alternative to more conventional austenitic stainless steel grades. High strength alloy steel ASME SA-533 type E class 2, having an UTS above 90 ksi, can be an alternate to carbon steel ASME SA-516 Gr65 type (UTS 65 ksi). The compatibility of these steel grades with amine service was checked through autoclave corrosion tests in amine solutions. Various experiments were performed in conditions representative of the bottom part of absorber and of upper section of regenerator of AGRU, with variable loadings of CO 2 and H 2 S. Study used different specimens: weight-loss coupons, four-point-bend assemblies, and U-bends. For all these tests, alternative metallurgies proved to behave at least as well as the reference ones generally considered in amine plants with no significant corrosion nor cracking. In addition to experimental tests and presentation of steel properties, the paper describes a case study of AGRU where the mass gain and CAPEX benefits are elaborated for a 75 bar, 4.5 meters diameter absorber, and for a 4.8 meters diameter, low pressure, stripper

Somatic diversification in the absence of antigen-driven responses is the hallmark of the IgM+IgD+CD27+ B cell repertoire in infants

T cell–dependent immune responses develop soon after birth, whereas it takes 2 yr for humans to develop T cell–independent responses. We used this dissociation to analyze the repertoire diversification of IgM+IgD+CD27+ B cells (also known as “IgM memory” B cells), comparing these cells with switched B cells in children <2 yr of age, with the aim of determining whether these two subsets are developmentally related. We show that the repertoire of IgM+IgD+CD27+ B cells in the spleen and blood displays no sign of antigen-driven activation and expansion on H-CDR3 spectratyping, despite the many antigenic challenges provided by childhood vaccinations. This repertoire differed markedly from those of switched B cells and splenic germinal center B cells, even at the early stage of differentiation associated with μ heavy chain expression. These data provide evidence for the developmental diversification of IgM+IgD+CD27+ B cells, at least in very young children, outside of T cell–dependent and –independent immune responses

UNIVERSIDADES EMPREENDEDORAS: PANORAMA DOS ESTUDOS BRASILEIROS SOBRE O TEMA

Este trabalho tem como objetivo conhecer a evolução dos estudos nacionais sobre as universidades empreendedoras, como uma forma de identificar lacunas e oportunidades de pesquisa. O procedimento metodológico empregado foi a revisão sistemática da literatura. A revisão sistemática foi realizada no banco de dados SCIELO, entre os anos de 1990 a 2012. Dentre os resultados obtidos, verificou-se que o a temática que envolve as universidades empreendedoras manifesta-se como um campo profícuo de estudos, e que há uma ascendência exponencial de estudos voltados para o tema. O presente estudo mostrou ainda que há lacunas e oportunidades de pesquisa a serem aprofundadas. Nesse sentido, conclui-se que a discussão da consolidação do papel e importância das universidades empreendedoras vem ganhando espaço nos estudos nacionais, em virtude do amadurecimento desse campo de estudo permitir uma releitura do conceito tradicional de educação superior

Rural and urban injection drug use in Puerto Rico: Network implications for human immunodeficiency virus and hepatitis C virus infection

Understanding the short- and long-term transmission dynamics of blood-borne illnesses in network contexts represents an important public health priority for people who inject drugs and the general population that surrounds them. The purpose of this article is to compare the risk networks of urban and rural people who inject drugs in Puerto Rico. In the current study, network characteristics are drawn from the sampling “trees” used to recruit participants to the study. We found that injection frequency is the only factor significantly related to clustering behavior among both urban and rural people who inject drugs