Résidence et liens de parenté des artisans de Montréal en 1741

Les recherches sur les artisans se sont souvent attachées à mieux comprendre les aspects particuliers de chaque profession. Moins fréquemment, les historiens se sont attardés aux dynamiques propres à l’ensemble du groupe, en particulier dans le cadre urbain, lieu de leur regroupement. Dans cet article, les auteurs élucident certains aspects du comportement des artisans de Montréal à l’aide du recensement de 1741. L’objectif central est de comprendre l’incidence des pratiques des artisans sur leur répartition spatiale dans la ville. Ils tentent ainsi de circonscrire les facteurs qui déterminent les tendances aux regroupements entre ménages artisans. Ils affirment que les réseaux de parenté et l’appartenance à un métier artisan sont les deux causes de proximité de résidence. Ainsi nuancent-ils certains constats antérieurs de l’historiographie quant à l’existence et aux causes d’une répartition spatiale dans cette ville de la Nouvelle-France. De plus, ils abordent certains processus de reproduction sociale des artisans montréalais de cette époque.Research about artisans is usually focused on an improved understanding of each other occupation. Historians approach less often the dynamics of craft groups, especially in towns, where most of these groups emerged. In this paper, the authors examine Montreal artisans listed in the census of 1741. The main aim is to understand quantitatively how craft practices affected spatial distribution in the town, and thus discover what factors determined where artisan families lived. The authors conclude that family kinship and craft occupation were the main reasons artisans lived where they did. This enables a refinement of earlier historical scholarship about spatial distribution in this town of New France, and the reasons for it. In addition, they discuss some methods of social reproduction among Montreal craftsmen of the period

BOLD-Perfusion Coupling during Monocular and Binocular Stimulation

Previous studies have suggested that during selective activation of a subset of the zones comprising a columnar system in visual cortex, perfusion increases uniformly in all columns of the system, while increases in oxidative metabolism occur predominantly in the activated columns. This could lead to disproportionately large blood oxygenation level-dependent (BOLD) signal increases for a given flow increase during monocular (relative to binocular) stimulation, due to contributions from columns which undergo large increases in perfusion with little or no change in oxidative metabolism. In the present study, we sought to test this hypothesis by measuring BOLD-perfusion coupling ratios in spatially averaged signals over V1 during monocular and binocular visual stimulation. It was found that, although withholding input to one eye resulted in statistically significant decreases in BOLD and perfusion signals in primary visual cortex, the ratio between BOLD and perfusion increases did not change significantly. These results do not support a gross mismatch between spatial patterns of flow and metabolism response during monocular stimulation

Comparison of caribou physical characteristics from Yukon and neighboring caribou herds

Data on seven external body measurements of caribou from six woodland and two barren-ground caribou herds from Yukon, Alaska, Alberta and British Columbia were compared. Comparisons between females in the fall and winter and mature males in the fall revealed that (1) barren-ground Porcupine caribou were consistently smaller than caribou from other herds, (2) British Columbia and Alberta caribou tended to be larger than Yukon caribou, or the Alaskan caribou studied, (3) central Yukon caribou were intermediate in body size, (4) no difference was found between Yukon «mountain» and «woodland» type caribou in body size, and (5) the barren-ground Fortymile caribou were more similar in physical characteristics to Yukon woodland or mountain caribou than to those of the barren-ground Porcupine herd. These data support Banfield's (1961) view of a gradient of decreasing physical size from the northern British Columbia — Alberta herds through the Yukon mountain or woodland herds to the northern barren-ground herds

An Investigation into Quantifying Micron-G Changes in a Gravitational Field of 1G

This project called for the development of an accelerometer designed to be used in conjunction with gravity shielding experiments. The device had to measure local gravitational changes on the order of a few micro-G's (micron-G) with a spatial resolution greater than one measurement per ten square centimeters. Measurements had to be made at a minimum rate of two per second. Tasks included the design, development and demonstration of a prototype. The deliverable consisted of three copies of this final report. The study resulted in the development of a Transversely Suspended Accelerometer (TSA) which met all of the technical specifications. Different generations of the device were demonstrated to NASA/MSFC personnel as they were developed. The final prototype is available for further demonstration and future use. The study draws attention to the fact that the magnetic fields required to produce gravitational shielding may result in apparent decreases in the weights of suspended objects on the order of those attributed to the effect itself. This observation reinforces the need to quantify the influences of the magnetic field on any measurement device used to study gravitational shielding. This task was accomplished for the TSA

Le devenir de l'art d'église des paroisses catholiques du Québec : architecture, arts, pratiques, patrimoine (1965-2002)

La présente thèse doctorale fait état du problème que soulèvent l’art d’église et ses mutations actuelles dans les paroisses catholiques du Québec. Ayant connu ses heures de gloire, cette tradition artistique mute et il est maintenant difficile d’en cerner la dynamique. Une approche méthodique s’avère donc pertinente pour situer le problème dans une juste perspective, en apprécier la nature et la pérennité et suggérer des balises aptes à en guider la solution. Tout d’abord, par l’histoire des comités d’art sacré des diocèses catholiques de Québec et de Montréal, qui sont les témoins privilégiés de l’évolution des conceptions de l’art d’église de leurs paroisses depuis le concile Vatican II, par la recension de pratiques nouvelles dans quelques-unes de ces églises et par un inventaire des constructions et des réaménagements partiels d’églises paroissiales dans les trois diocèses les plus populeux, l’on se fait une idée assez juste de la situation actuelle de l’art d’église des paroisses catholiques du Québec. Par la suite, en évaluant les chances de son acculturation, selon un outillage théorique approprié, et en retenant des leçons de l’histoire presque bimillénaire de l’art d’église, le rapport entre cette tradition artistique et ses mutations actuelles au Québec apparaît moins problématique. Malgré la baisse marquée des commandes ecclésiastiques dans les années qui ont suivi le concile, ce type d’art d’église perdure dans la sphère publique, en corrélation avec l’intérêt de nombreux citoyens envers ce patrimoine. Ainsi, cette tradition artistique se poursuit d’une manière inédite, sujette à évoluer.In this doctoral thesis we examine the problem of the transformations taking place in church art in the Catholic parishes in Quebec. After enjoying a lengthy heyday, this artistic tradition is now in a state of mutation not always easy to grasp. We need to take a methodical approach when placing the problem in its proper perspective, attempting to comprehend its nature and timelessness, and proposing suitable guidelines for finding a solution. Firstly, we can arrive at a reasonably accurate notion of the current state of church art in the Catholic parishes in Québec through a careful examination of the history of the sacred art committees in the Catholic dioceses of Québec, Montréal and Saint-Jean-Longueuil, which were on the front lines of the evolution of church art in their parishes after the Second Vatican Council, by examining the new observances in a few of these churches, and by taking an inventory of new constructions and partial transformations of parish churches in the most heavily populated dioceses. Secondly, using an appropriate theoretical system, in order to assess the possibility for this art to integrate elements of living culture and keeping in mind what we have learned from almost two millenia of church art, we can conclude that the relationship between this artistic tradition and its present evolution in Québec is less problematic than it appears. In spite of the conspicious drop in orders for religious art objects in the years following the Council, church art survives in the public domain thanks to the interest in this area of our heritage on the part of many citizens. Consequently, this artistic tradition survives in an original way, and will continue to evolve

Hypothermia associated with clobazam use in adult epilepsy

AbstractClobazam, a 1,5-benzodiazepine FDA-approved in 2011, is commonly used to treat anxiety and epilepsy. It has not been associated with hypothermia until very recently, in a case report involving two pediatric patients. Here, we report the first case of hypothermia development in an adult patient with epilepsy associated with clobazam use. A couple months after starting clobazam, the patient started developing episodes of hypothermia every several weeks, with temperatures ranging from 90°F–95°F. Normothermia was achieved with Bair Hugger therapy. Thyroid-stimulating hormone and cortisol levels were normal, and there was no evidence of infection in most instances. After 11 total episodes of hypothermia over a year of clobazam use, the drug was discontinued. It has now been 7months after discontinuation, and the patient has not experienced any more episodes of hypothermia. Early recognition of the link between clobazam and hypothermia may prevent avoidable Emergency Department visits and hospitalizations

Reproducing and Resisting Whiteness in a Quasi-Desegregated Suburban High School: An Ethnographic Field Analysis.

I conduct ethnographic research in a quasi-desegregated high school to determine how the structure of the institution in relation with white students’ level of interaction with non-resident black students impacts their understanding of the racial hierarchy and their place within it. Bourdieu’s notions of field and capital provide the guiding theoretical framework for this dissertation and structured both the collection and interpretation of the data. The data were collected through participant observation and interviews with faculty, white students and students of color and suggests the fluidity of whiteness: white students with objectively similar backgrounds who inhabit the same physical location can develop different visions of whiteness and white privilege. Reproductive tendencies were noted among white students whose experiences led them to observe but not interact with black students and resistance was noted among white students whose friendship circles, athletic endeavors and romantic relationships found them in consistent and personal interaction with black students. In some cases resistance was nascent or marked by contradiction indicating that the institutional tendency toward reproduction was formidable. This dissertation contributes to the sociology of race by illuminating the ways in which whiteness is insinuated within the culture of an institution but simultaneously concealed from whites’ view and how this arrangement reproduces normative whiteness and regressive notions of the racial other. In demonstrating the deeply rooted and seemingly non-racial ways in which race operates within institutions and how this perpetuates and reinforces racialized notions of difference, this dissertation reveals how race continues to structure social life in the post-civil rights era. Furthermore, this dissertation complicates monolithic notions of whiteness by showing that there is variation in whites’ ability to apprehend the continuing salience of race and white privilege while identifying one mechanism—interaction—that serves to explain this variation. The dissertation concludes by considering recommendations for pedagogical practice and institutional change that could nurture the inchoate strains of resistance that are identified.PHDSociologyUniversity of Michigan, Horace H. Rackham School of Graduate Studieshttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/100091/1/cgauthie_1.pd

Are Electrons Oscillating Photons, Oscillating “Vacuum," or Something Else? The 2015 Panel Discussion: An Unprecedented Engineering Opportunity: A Dynamical Linear Theory of Energy as Light and Matter

Platform: What physical attributes separate EM waves, of the enormous band of radio to visible to x-ray, from the high energy narrow band of gamma-ray? From radio to visible to x-ray, telescopes are designed based upon the optical imaging theory; which is an extension of the Huygens-Fresnel diffraction integral. Do we understand the physical properties of gamma rays that defy us to manipulate them similarly? One demonstrated unique property of gamma rays is that they can be converted to elementary particles (electron and positron pair); or a particle-antiparticle pair can be converted into gamma rays. Thus, EM waves and elementary particles, being inter-convertible; we cannot expect to understand the deeper nature of light without succeeding to find structural inter-relationship between photons and particles. This topic is directly relevant to develop a deeper understanding of the nature of light; which will, in turn, help our engineers to invent better optical instruments

Rational approximation on products of planar domains

We consider A(Ω), the Banach space of functions f from Ω¯¯¯¯=∏i∈IUi¯¯¯¯¯ to C that are continuous with respect to the product topology and separately holomorphic, where I is an arbitrary set and Ui are planar domains of some type. We show that finite sums of finite products of rational functions of one variable with prescribed poles off Ui¯¯¯¯¯ are uniformly dense in A(Ω). This generalizes previous results where Ui=D is the open unit disc in C or Ui¯¯¯¯¯c is connected