Patterns of injuries in homicidal cases

Death, an inevitable part of life, prompts an exploration into the manner and method by which it occurs. This study aims to analyze the patterns of injuries in homicidal cases brought for postmortem examination. In 2019, a total of 28,918 murder cases were registered in India, showing a slight decrease of 0.3% in comparison to 2018 (29,017 cases). The study aims to understand the different injury patterns in homicide. At the Department of Forensic Medicine, Gandhi Medical College, Bhopal, India, a total of 62 males and 12 females, along with one unknown gender person, where submitted to postmortem examination. The majority of cases belonged to urban, with leading causes of death being shock and hemorrhage followed by craniocerebral damage. This study concludes that sharp edges and deep cuts were the primary injury patterns in homicide cases. Morte, uma inevitável parte da vida, incita uma exploração a respeito da maneira e do método de sua ocorrência. Este estudo tem por objetivo analisar os padrões de lesões em casos de homicídios verificados em exames post-mortem. Em 2019, registrou-se um total de 28.918 casos de assassinato na India, mostrando um leve decréscimo de 0,3% em comparação com 2018 (29.017 casos). Este estudo objetiva entender os diferentes padrões de lesão em homicídios. No Departamento de Medicina Forense da Gandhi Medical College, em Bhopal, India, um total de 62 homens, 12 mulheres e uma pessoa de gênero não identificado, foram submetidas à análise post mortem. A maioria dos casos pertencia a áreas urbanas, com principal causa de morte sendo choque e hemorragia seguida de dano crânio cerebral. Este estudo conclui que arestas afiadas e cortes profundos foram os principais padrões de lesões em casos de homicídio. 

Alteration in Serum Lipid Profile Pattern in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma and Potentially Malignant Disorders

Objective: To evaluate and compare lipid profile level in oral submucous fibrosis (OSMF), oral leukoplakia (OL) and oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) patients. Material and Methods: Thirty histopathologically diagnosed subjects each of OL, OSMF, OSCC were recruited along with 30 healthy controls. 5ml of venous blood is collected and estimated using standard diagnostic kits. Results: The mean of Total cholesterol level in controls was 219.03 mg%, in OSCC, OL and OSMF was 142.89 ± 10.21mg%, 155.44 ± 17.63 mg% and 180.60 ± 13.25 mg%, respectively. The mean low-density lipid level in controls was 137.24 mg and in OSCC, OL and OSMF groups were 109.28 ± 2.16 mg%, 126.63 ± 0.85 mg% and 119.15 ± 0.93 mg%, respectively. The mean of high-density lipid level in controls, OSCC, OL and OSMF was 42.87 ± 0.42 mg%, 36.50 ± 2.31 mg%, 21.13 ± 0.77 mg% and 28.37 ± 1.11mg%, respectively. The mean of very low density lipids level in controls, OSCC, OL and OSMF was 30.12 ± 1.51 mg%, 17.24 ± 0.80 mg%, 22.25 ± 0.93 mg% and 25.89 ± 0.43 mg%, respectively. The mean triglyceride level in controls, OSCC, OL and OSMF was 118.80 ± 9.47 mg%, 91.2 ± 3.03 mg%, 105.05 ± 2.96 mg% and 106.19 ± 3.09 mg%, respectively. Conclusion: Lipid profile levels could be early indicators of precancer and cancer

Genetics of spot blotch resistance in bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) using five models for GWAS

Genetic architecture of resistance to spot blotch in wheat was examined using a Genome-Wide Association Study (GWAS) involving an association panel comprising 303 diverse genotypes. The association panel was evaluated at two different locations in India including Banaras Hindu University (BHU), Varanasi (Uttar Pradesh), and Borlaug Institute for South Asia (BISA), Pusa, Samastipur (Bihar) for two consecutive years (2017-2018 and 2018-2019), thus making four environments (E1, BHU 2017-18; E2, BHU 2018-19; E3, PUSA, 2017-18; E4, PUSA, 2018-19). The panel was genotyped for 12,196 SNPs based on DArT-seq (outsourced to DArT Ltd by CIMMYT); these SNPs included 5,400 SNPs, which could not be assigned to individual chromosomes and were therefore, described as unassigned by the vendor. Phenotypic data was recorded on the following three disease-related traits: (i) Area Under Disease Progress Curve (AUDPC), (ii) Incubation Period (IP), and (iii) Lesion Number (LN). GWAS was conducted using each of five different models, which included two single-locus models (CMLM and SUPER) and three multi-locus models (MLMM, FarmCPU, and BLINK). This exercise gave 306 MTAs, but only 89 MTAs (33 for AUDPC, 30 for IP and 26 for LN) including a solitary MTA detected using all the five models and 88 identified using four of the five models (barring SUPER) were considered to be important. These were used for further analysis, which included identification of candidate genes (CGs) and their annotation. A majority of these MTAs were novel. Only 70 of the 89 MTAs were assigned to individual chromosomes; the remaining 19 MTAs belonged to unassigned SNPs, for which chromosomes were not known. Seven MTAs were selected on the basis of minimum P value, number of models, number of environments and location on chromosomes with respect to QTLs reported earlier. These 7 MTAs, which included five main effect MTAs and two for epistatic interactions, were considered to be important for marker-assisted selection (MAS). The present study thus improved our understanding of the genetics of resistance against spot blotch in wheat and provided seven MTAs, which may be used for MAS after due validation

To study the treatment of comminuted patellar fractures using modified cerclage wiring

Aim:  To study the treatment of comminuted patellar fractures using modified cerclage wiring. Methods: This study was done in the department of Orthopedics, after taking the permission from the ethical committee.  50 cases of simple unilateral closed comminuted patellar fracture were treated by modified cerclage wiring. During follow-up, the Böstman clinical grading measures were used to evaluate the effects of the surgery in eight areas: range of mobility, discomfort, work, atrophy, assistance in working, effusion, giving way, and stair-climbing. 28–30 points were outstanding, 20–27 points were decent, and fewer than 20 points were low on these measures. Results: Using Böstman's clinical grading systems, the ultimate follow-up average score was 29.2 (range 19–30). The average score of 41 (82%) exceptional patients was 29.2±0.6, while the average score of 9 (18%) good patients was 25.11±1.9. Patients' knee flexion activity range was 130° (range 110–140), and the prognosis was favourable. Conclusion: A unique and successful strategy for treating a comminuted patellar fracture is modified cerclage wiring. This approach can give a firm and secure fixation, allow patients to do early functional exercises, and has a positive therapeutic impact

An investigation into the problems of Proximal Femoral Nails (PFN) in the management of intertrochanteric fractures

Aim: An investigation into the problems of proximal femoral nails in the management of intertrochanteric fractures. Methods: This research comprised 50 patients with intertrochanteric fractures who received intramedullary fixation with PFN. The limb was adducted and held in traction. Under C-arm guidance, the entry location was seen, and a guide wire was passed over the fracture site. To repair the fracture, a short PFN with proximal and distal locking was inserted under C-arm guidance. Results: There were 33 men and 17 women. In 28 cases, the right side was implicated, whereas the left side was engaged in 22 patient. The average period of follow-up was 13 months. Closed reduction was used in 40 patients, whereas open reduction was used in 10 patients. Complications occurred in 15 of 50 individuals. All were early issues, and the causes of failure were investigated. Complications include a broken nail at the distal locking screw level (2%), screw back out (2%), perioperative proximal femur fracture (4%), inadequate fracture reduction (2%), varus distortion (4%), improper positioning of the distal locking screw (2%), placement of a single screw in the neck (4%), abductor lurch (4%), and Infection on the surface (4%)