Étude cinétique de l'hydrolyse des amides. XVII. Constantes de vitesse d'hydrolyse acide d'amides aromatiques

In order to describe very accurately the reaction scheme of the acidic hydrolysis of amides (B) it is necessary to determine the value of the acidity constant (pKBH+) of the conjugated amidonium ion. Connected with previous investigations in this area, following groups were examined along this line : a first one, R— CO— NH— C6H5— Y involving two different series (R = CH3— and C2H5— ) and for each one, Y = CH30-, CHS-, H— , Cl-, CH3CO-, N02-. A second one pertains to X— C6H4— CO— NH— C6H4— Y and is developed along five different series varying X (X = CH30— , CH3— , H— , Cl—, N02— ) and Y (Y = CH30-, CH3-, H-, Cl-, N02-). Acidity functions, H0 and HA were used for that purpose and new values of were determined for anilides.Rysman de Lockerente S., Van Brandt Paul, Bruylants Albert, De Buyl-Gaudissart M., Hubert D. Étude cinétique de l'hydrolyse des amides. XVII. Constantes de vitesse d'hydrolyse acide d'amides aromatiques. In: Bulletin de la Classe des sciences, tome 58, 1972. pp. 180-186

A difficult transition to a new relationship: Britain and Cyprus in the European Union

This article examines the relationship between Britain and Cyprus after the latter joined the European Union (EU) on 1 May 2004. It argues that the difficulties that emerged were in part a product of the ill feeling that developed at the time of the April 2004 referendum on a UN peace plan. However, it was also shaped by British attempts to end the isolation of the Turkish Cypriots and ease Turkey's EU accession process. These tensions were particularly noticeable throughout 2005, when several attempts at rapprochement between London and Nicosia foundered. However, it now appears as if London and Nicosia have adapted to the new relationship. Although areas of tension still exist, it appears as if they will be at a lower level of intensity than was the case in the immediate aftermath of accession