13 research outputs found

    Haut contraste par réarrangement de pupille pour la détection d'exoplanÚtes

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    The detection of exoplanets and young stars environment such as debris disks deals with two major difficulties: on one hand, the low angular distance between companion (or disk) and its host star, and on the other hand, the high contrast of flux between the two components. Interferometry is one of the techniques that solves these two issues. It is particularly the case in the application of nulling interferometry, in which we extinguish the flux from the main star thanks to coherence properties of the light.My thesis work takes part in this context, with the study of eight debris disks observationnal data made at the Very Large Telescope, using the Sparse Aperture Maskig interferometric technique. I achieved the data reduction and the analysis of closure phases. As no companion was found in the data, I derived detection limits in terms of luminosity and estimated mass.My thesis also consisted in an instrumental part, with the conception of the FIRST-IR (Fibered Imager foR a Single Telescope InfraRed) instrument in laboratory. This instrument is an interferometer which associates fibered pupil remapping technique and integrated optic based recombination of light.To conclude, I have shown the viability of FIRST-IR instrument using this new integrated optic based nuller architecture. Particularly, I demonstrated that closure phase remains stable for a source point target, regardless of the nulling level applied.La dĂ©tection des exoplanĂštes et de l’environnement d’étoiles jeunes tel que les disques de dĂ©bris fait face Ă  deux difficultĂ©s majeures : d’une part, la faible distance angulaire entre le compagnon (ou le disque) et son Ă©toile hĂŽte, et d’autre part, le contraste Ă©levĂ© entre les deux composantes en terme de flux. L’interfĂ©romĂ©trie est une des techniques permettant de palier ces deux problĂ©matiques en apportant une dĂ©tection Ă  la fois Ă  haute rĂ©solution angulaire et Ă  haute dynamique. C’est tout particuliĂšrement le cas dans la mise en oeuvre de l’interfĂ©romĂ©trie annulante, aussi appelĂ©e interfĂ©romĂ©trie en frange noire, lors de laquelle on vient Ă©teindre le flux de l’étoile principale grĂące aux propriĂ©tĂ©s de cohĂ©rence de la lumiĂšre.On recombine la lumiĂšre issue de deux tĂ©lescopes ou plus de sorte Ă  faire interfĂ©rer destructivement les photons provenant de l’étoile principale et constructivement pour les photons venant du compagnon ou du disque environnant. Mon travail de thĂšse s’inscrit dans ce cadre, avec l’étude de donnĂ©es observationnelles de huit disques de dĂ©bris rĂ©alisĂ©es au Very Large Telescope, grĂące Ă  la technique interfĂ©romĂ©trique de masquage de pupille. Lors de cette Ă©tude j’ai rĂ©alisĂ© la rĂ©duction des donnĂ©es interfĂ©romĂ©triques et une analyse des termes de clĂŽtures de phase. Puisque aucun compagnon n’a Ă©tĂ© dĂ©tectĂ© dans les donnĂ©es, j’en ai dĂ©duit les limites de dĂ©tection en termes de luminositĂ© et de masse estimĂ©e Ă  l’aide d’isochrones issue de modĂšle d’évolution.Ma thĂšse Ă  Ă©galement consistĂ© en une composante expĂ©rimentale, avec la conception et l’étalonnage de l’instrument FIRST-IR (Fibered Imager foR a Single Telescope InfraRed) en laboratoire, Ă  l’Observatoire de Meudon. Cet instrument est un interfĂ©romĂštre qui associe la technique de rĂ©arrangement de pupille fibrĂ© et la recombinaison de la lumiĂšre paroptique intĂ©grĂ©e. Le type d’optique intĂ©grĂ©e Ă©tudiĂ© ici est un composant optique planaire sur lequel des guides d’ondes ont Ă©tĂ© gravĂ©s. l’optique intĂ©grĂ©e est de type nuller et prend en entrĂ©e le flux de quatre sous-pupilles. Les guides sont agencĂ©s selon une certaine architecture permettant de rĂ©aliser dans un premier temps une fonction annulante sur trois bases puis une mesure des franges d’interfĂ©rence sur les trois voies annulĂ©es. J’ai rĂ©alisĂ© un Ă©talonnage complet de cette optique intĂ©grĂ©e ainsi que des mesures de clĂŽture de phase.En conclusion, j’ai pu montrer la viabilitĂ© de l’instrument FIRST-IR avec ce nouveau concept d’optique intĂ©grĂ©e de type nuller. En particulier j’ai dĂ©montrĂ© que la mesure de la clĂŽture de phase reste stable pour une cible point source, quel que soit le taux d’annulation interfĂ©romĂ©trique appliquĂ©

    High contrast using pupil remapping for exoplanetary detection

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    La dĂ©tection des exoplanĂštes et de l’environnement d’étoiles jeunes tel que les disques de dĂ©bris fait face Ă  deux difficultĂ©s majeures : d’une part, la faible distance angulaire entre le compagnon (ou le disque) et son Ă©toile hĂŽte, et d’autre part, le contraste Ă©levĂ© entre les deux composantes en terme de flux. L’interfĂ©romĂ©trie est une des techniques permettant de palier ces deux problĂ©matiques en apportant une dĂ©tection Ă  la fois Ă  haute rĂ©solution angulaire et Ă  haute dynamique. C’est tout particuliĂšrement le cas dans la mise en oeuvre de l’interfĂ©romĂ©trie annulante, aussi appelĂ©e interfĂ©romĂ©trie en frange noire, lors de laquelle on vient Ă©teindre le flux de l’étoile principale grĂące aux propriĂ©tĂ©s de cohĂ©rence de la lumiĂšre.On recombine la lumiĂšre issue de deux tĂ©lescopes ou plus de sorte Ă  faire interfĂ©rer destructivement les photons provenant de l’étoile principale et constructivement pour les photons venant du compagnon ou du disque environnant. Mon travail de thĂšse s’inscrit dans ce cadre, avec l’étude de donnĂ©es observationnelles de huit disques de dĂ©bris rĂ©alisĂ©es au Very Large Telescope, grĂące Ă  la technique interfĂ©romĂ©trique de masquage de pupille. Lors de cette Ă©tude j’ai rĂ©alisĂ© la rĂ©duction des donnĂ©es interfĂ©romĂ©triques et une analyse des termes de clĂŽtures de phase. Puisque aucun compagnon n’a Ă©tĂ© dĂ©tectĂ© dans les donnĂ©es, j’en ai dĂ©duit les limites de dĂ©tection en termes de luminositĂ© et de masse estimĂ©e Ă  l’aide d’isochrones issue de modĂšle d’évolution.Ma thĂšse Ă  Ă©galement consistĂ© en une composante expĂ©rimentale, avec la conception et l’étalonnage de l’instrument FIRST-IR (Fibered Imager foR a Single Telescope InfraRed) en laboratoire, Ă  l’Observatoire de Meudon. Cet instrument est un interfĂ©romĂštre qui associe la technique de rĂ©arrangement de pupille fibrĂ© et la recombinaison de la lumiĂšre paroptique intĂ©grĂ©e. Le type d’optique intĂ©grĂ©e Ă©tudiĂ© ici est un composant optique planaire sur lequel des guides d’ondes ont Ă©tĂ© gravĂ©s. l’optique intĂ©grĂ©e est de type nuller et prend en entrĂ©e le flux de quatre sous-pupilles. Les guides sont agencĂ©s selon une certaine architecture permettant de rĂ©aliser dans un premier temps une fonction annulante sur trois bases puis une mesure des franges d’interfĂ©rence sur les trois voies annulĂ©es. J’ai rĂ©alisĂ© un Ă©talonnage complet de cette optique intĂ©grĂ©e ainsi que des mesures de clĂŽture de phase.En conclusion, j’ai pu montrer la viabilitĂ© de l’instrument FIRST-IR avec ce nouveau concept d’optique intĂ©grĂ©e de type nuller. En particulier j’ai dĂ©montrĂ© que la mesure de la clĂŽture de phase reste stable pour une cible point source, quel que soit le taux d’annulation interfĂ©romĂ©trique appliquĂ©.The detection of exoplanets and young stars environment such as debris disks deals with two major difficulties: on one hand, the low angular distance between companion (or disk) and its host star, and on the other hand, the high contrast of flux between the two components. Interferometry is one of the techniques that solves these two issues. It is particularly the case in the application of nulling interferometry, in which we extinguish the flux from the main star thanks to coherence properties of the light.My thesis work takes part in this context, with the study of eight debris disks observationnal data made at the Very Large Telescope, using the Sparse Aperture Maskig interferometric technique. I achieved the data reduction and the analysis of closure phases. As no companion was found in the data, I derived detection limits in terms of luminosity and estimated mass.My thesis also consisted in an instrumental part, with the conception of the FIRST-IR (Fibered Imager foR a Single Telescope InfraRed) instrument in laboratory. This instrument is an interferometer which associates fibered pupil remapping technique and integrated optic based recombination of light.To conclude, I have shown the viability of FIRST-IR instrument using this new integrated optic based nuller architecture. Particularly, I demonstrated that closure phase remains stable for a source point target, regardless of the nulling level applied

    Mixed Cassie-Baxter wetting states on a porous material stabilized by electrowetting

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    International audienceElectrowetting is used to force imbibition in model porous plates. These porous plates are sintered disordered bronze bead packings that are homogeneously coated with a constant-thickness layer of parylene. Cycles of increasing and decreasing voltage trigger the imbibition of a ionized water sessile drop by changing its contact angle with the porous material from non-wetting to wetting shapes. During a cycle, a drop experiences partial imbibition and a strong hysteresis of its contact angle with the porous plate. Since the imbibition process quickly stabilizes, we adopt an equilibrium description of the wetting properties of the drop on the porous plate. Our model, based on the Cassie-Baxter approach, shows that three different wetting states are experienced by the drop, one of which being made possible only by the modification of the contact angle inside the pores. Our model describes the experimental results very well. Copyright (C) EPLA, 201

    FIRST, the pupil-remapping fiber interferometer at Subaru telescope: towards photonic beam-combination with phase control and on-sky commissioning results (Conference Presentation)

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    FIRST (Fibered Imager foR a Single Telescope) is a post-AO instrument module that enables high-contrast imaging and spectroscopy at sub-diffraction limited spatial scales. FIRST achieves this through a unique combination of sparse aperture masking, spatial filtering, pupil remapping Fizeau interferometry, and cross-dispersion in the visible. The telescope pupil is divided into sub-pupils using a honeycomb array of micro-electro-mechanical mirrors, and the light from each sub-pupil injected into a separate single mode fiber that provides spatial filtering. The fibers, which are pathlength-matched to within a few tens of micrometers, reformat the sub-apertures into a linear non-redundant array allowing for the extraction of fringes from each possible baseline as well as wavelength dispersion to create ~130 spectral channels for every baseline combination over the 600-900nm spectral range. In this presentation, we will first report on the latest on-sky results obtained with FIRST. In its current design, the instrument was successfully integrated on the 3-m telescope at Lick Observatory and is now a module of the SCExAO extreme adaptive optics instrument on the 8-m Subaru Telescope. The latest on-sky results obtained from commissioning data show the detection of the stellar companion of the Alpha Equu binary system at an angular separation of 0.6 λ/D (11mas). Even at such a separation, the FIRST data delivers information on the companion spectrum, providing valuable constraints on the stellar parameters of the system such as the effective temperatures. The second part of this presentation will focus on the ongoing instrument upgrades with the aim of increasing the instrument’s stability and sensitivity, thus improving the dynamic range. We initiated a comprehensive upgrade of FIRST’s interferometric components to a new series of photonic on-chip beam combiners and automated optoelectronic delay lines for rapid phasing of each sub-pupil. The new photonic beam combining chips split light from each sub-aperture and combines them to provide a simultaneous measurement of the fringes from every baseline. Another function of the new photonic chips is the inclusion of waveguides in crystalline electro-optic material (Lithium niobate) that enable on-chip active phase control of the light at high speeds (up to kHz). This type of photonic architecture has not been implemented previously for astronomical interferometry of this kind and could potentially provide FIRST with key advantages (see Martin et al., these proceedings). While the beam-combiner output no longer requires non-redundancy, the fiber array that feeds the chip input still requires accurate pathlength-matching to achieve high fringe contrasts. The existing fibers were individually manufactured to ensure identical length. However, while this method was successful, it was not very flexible particularly if any photonic components are added that change the overall fiber length. Thus, another key FIRST upgrade is the use of actively controlled fiber delay lines capable of compensating for up to 100 mm of differential pathlength in each fiber, with sub-micron accuracy. This type of active pathlength control allows FIRST to not only correct for unwanted environmental phase delays, but also makes it entirely reconfigurable regardless of the back-end photonics used

    How individual was conscience in the early-modern period? Observations on the development of Catholic moral theology

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    This article investigates how the notion of individual conscience has to be understood within the early-modern development of Catholic moral theology. It highlights that 16th-century Catholic theologians continued to understand conscience mainly in Thomist terms as a rational judgment. Yet they also came to investigate more deeply questions of intention and individual circumstances that might interfere with the perfect execution of moral reasoning. Particular emphasis is given to the question of probabilism and whether this new method of analyzing moral agency provided a stepping stone towards a more individualized conception of conscience, as some intellectual historians have contended. The article argues that whilst probabilism sharpened the awareness for problems of conscience, this development cannot be disconnected from the culture of counsel of conscience, inscribed into the fundamentally Thomist definition of it

    HistĂłria das ideias, histĂłria das ciĂȘncias humanas e sociologia do conhecimento

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