The organic air pollutant cumene hydroperoxide interferes with NOantioxidant role in rehydrating lichen

Organic pollutants effects on lichens have not been addressed. Rehydration is critical for lichens, a burst of free radicals involving NO occurs. Repeated dehydrations with organic pollutants could increase oxidative damage. Our aim is to learn the effects of cumene hydroperoxide (CP) during lichen rehydration using Ramalina farinacea (L.) Ach., its photobiont Trebouxia spp. and Asterochloris erici. Confocal imaging shows intracellular ROS and NO production within myco and phycobionts, being the chloroplast the main source of free radicals. CP increases ROS, NO and lipid peroxidation and reduces chlorophyll autofluorescence, although photosynthesis remains unaffected. Concomitant NO inhibition provokes a generalized increase of ROS and a decrease in photosynthesis. Our results suggest that CP induces a ompensatory hormetic response in Ramalina farinacea that could reduce the lichen s antioxidant resources after repeated desiccation-rehydration cycles. NO is important in the protection from CP.This project was funded by the Spanish Ministry of Education and Science [project numbers CGL2012-40058-C02-01 and CGL2009-13429-C02-01], project Prometeo 2008/174 of the Generalitat Valenciana and the project AECID PCI/A/024755/09 of the Spanish Ministry of Foreign Affaires.Catalá, M.; Gasulla Vidal, F.; Pradas Del Real, A.; García Breijo, FJ.; Reig Armiñana, J.; Barreno Rodriguez, E. (2013). The organic air pollutant cumene hydroperoxide interferes with NOantioxidant role in rehydrating lichen. Environmental Pollution. 179:277-284. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2013.04.015S27728417

Fungal-associated NO is involved in the regulation of oxidative stress during rehydration in lichen symbiosis

[EN] Background Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are normally produced in respiratory and photosynthetic electron chains and their production is enhanced during desiccation/rehydration. Nitric oxide (NO) is a ubiquitous and multifaceted molecule involved in cell signaling and abiotic stress. Lichens are poikilohydrous organisms that can survive continuous cycles of desiccation and rehydration. Although the production of ROS and NO was recently demonstrated during lichen rehydration, the functions of these compounds are unknown. The aim of this study was to analyze the role of NO during rehydration of the lichen Ramalina farinacea (L.) Ach., its isolated photobiont partner Trebouxia sp. and Asterochloris erici (Ahmadjian) Skaloud et Peksa (SAG 32.85 = UTEX 911). Results Rehydration of R. farinacea caused the release of ROS and NO evidenced by the fluorescent probes DCFH2-DA and DAN respectively. However, a minimum in lipid peroxidation (MDA) was observed 2 h post-rehydration. The inhibition of NO in lichen thalli with c-PTIO resulted in increases in both ROS production and lipid peroxidation, which now peaked at 3 h, together with decreases in chlorophyll autofluorescence and algal photobleaching upon confocal laser incidence. Trebouxia sp. photobionts generate peaks of NO-endproducts in suspension and show high rates of photobleaching and ROS production under NO inhibition which also caused a significant decrease in photosynthetic activity of A. erici axenic cultures, probably due to the higher levels of photo-oxidative stress. Conclusions Mycobiont derived NO has an important role in the regulation of oxidative stress and in the photo-oxidative protection of photobionts in lichen thalli. The results point to the importance of NO in the early stages of lichen rehydration.This project was funded by the Spanish Ministry of Education and Science [project numbers CGL2006 12917 C02 0 and CGL2009 13429 C02 01], project Prometeo 2008/1/4 of the Generalitat Valenciana and the project AECID PCI/A/024755/09 of the Spanish Ministry of Foreign Affaires. We are grateful to F. Gasulla, J. Gimeno-Romeu, E. Barreno, (ICBIBE, University of Valencia) and A. Guera (Plant Biology, University of Alcala) for communicating unpublished data, to Dr. R. Catala (CIB, Madrid), Dr. P. D'Ocon (UVEG, Valencia) and Dr. J. Medina (INIA, Madrid) for critical revision of the manuscript, and J. L. Rodriguez Gil for MDA protocol optimization. English revision was done by Wendy Ran.Catalá, M.; Gasulla Vidal, F.; Pradas Del Real, AE.; García-Breijo, F.; Reig Armiñana, J.; Barreno Rodriguez, E. (2010). Fungal-associated NO is involved in the regulation of oxidative stress during rehydration in lichen symbiosis. BMC Microbiology. 10. https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2180-10-297S1

Key factors associated with pulmonary sequelae in the follow-up of critically ill COVID-19 patients

11 p.Introduction: Critical COVID-19 survivors have a high risk of respiratory sequelae. Therefore, we aimed to identify key factors associated with altered lung function and CT scan abnormalities at a follow-up visit in a cohort of critical COVID-19 survivors. Methods: Multicenter ambispective observational study in 52 Spanish intensive care units. Up to 1327 PCR-con rmed critical COVID-19 patients had sociodemographic, anthropometric, comorbidity and lifestyle characteristics collected at hospital admission; clinical and biological parameters throughout hospital stay; and, lung function and CT scan at a follow-up visit. Results: The median [p25?p75] time from discharge to follow-up was 3.57 [2.77?4.92] months. Median age was 60 [53?67] years, 27.8% women. The mean (SD) percentage of predicted diffusing lung capacity for carbon monoxide (DLCO) at follow-up was 72.02 (18.33)% predicted, with 66% of patients having DLCO< 80% and 24% having DLCO< 60%. CT scan showed persistent pulmonary in ltrates, brotic lesions, and emphysema in 33%, 25% and 6% of patients, respectively. Key variables associated with DLCO< 60% were chronic lung disease (CLD) (OR: 1.86 (1.18?2.92)), duration of invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV) (OR: 1.56 (1.37?1.77)), age (OR [per-1-SD] (95%CI): 1.39 (1.18?1.63)), urea (OR: 1.16 (0.97?1.39)) and estimated glomerular ltration rate at ICU admission (OR: 0.88 (0.73?1.06)). Bacterial pneumonia (1.62 (1.11?2.35)) and duration of ventilation (NIMV (1.23 (1.06?1.42), IMV (1.21 (1.01?1.45)) and prone positioning (1.17 (0.98?1.39)) were associated with brotic lesions. Conclusion: Age and CLD, re ecting patients? baseline vulnerability, and markers of COVID-19 severity, such as duration of IMV and renal failure, were key factors associated with impaired DLCOand CT abnormalities.Instituto de Salud Carlos IIICentro de Investigación Biomédica en RedEnfermedades RespiratoriasFundación Francisco Soria MelguizoFEDE

The evolution of the ventilatory ratio is a prognostic factor in mechanically ventilated COVID-19 ARDS patients

Background: Mortality due to COVID-19 is high, especially in patients requiring mechanical ventilation. The purpose of the study is to investigate associations between mortality and variables measured during the first three days of mechanical ventilation in patients with COVID-19 intubated at ICU admission. Methods: Multicenter, observational, cohort study includes consecutive patients with COVID-19 admitted to 44 Spanish ICUs between February 25 and July 31, 2020, who required intubation at ICU admission and mechanical ventilation for more than three days. We collected demographic and clinical data prior to admission; information about clinical evolution at days 1 and 3 of mechanical ventilation; and outcomes. Results: Of the 2,095 patients with COVID-19 admitted to the ICU, 1,118 (53.3%) were intubated at day 1 and remained under mechanical ventilation at day three. From days 1 to 3, PaO2/FiO2 increased from 115.6 [80.0-171.2] to 180.0 [135.4-227.9] mmHg and the ventilatory ratio from 1.73 [1.33-2.25] to 1.96 [1.61-2.40]. In-hospital mortality was 38.7%. A higher increase between ICU admission and day 3 in the ventilatory ratio (OR 1.04 [CI 1.01-1.07], p = 0.030) and creatinine levels (OR 1.05 [CI 1.01-1.09], p = 0.005) and a lower increase in platelet counts (OR 0.96 [CI 0.93-1.00], p = 0.037) were independently associated with a higher risk of death. No association between mortality and the PaO2/FiO2 variation was observed (OR 0.99 [CI 0.95 to 1.02], p = 0.47). Conclusions: Higher ventilatory ratio and its increase at day 3 is associated with mortality in patients with COVID-19 receiving mechanical ventilation at ICU admission. No association was found in the PaO2/FiO2 variation

Clustering COVID-19 ARDS patients through the first days of ICU admission. An analysis of the CIBERESUCICOVID Cohort

Background Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) can be classified into sub-phenotypes according to different inflammatory/clinical status. Prognostic enrichment was achieved by grouping patients into hypoinflammatory or hyperinflammatory sub-phenotypes, even though the time of analysis may change the classification according to treatment response or disease evolution. We aimed to evaluate when patients can be clustered in more than 1 group, and how they may change the clustering of patients using data of baseline or day 3, and the prognosis of patients according to their evolution by changing or not the cluster.Methods Multicenter, observational prospective, and retrospective study of patients admitted due to ARDS related to COVID-19 infection in Spain. Patients were grouped according to a clustering mixed-type data algorithm (k-prototypes) using continuous and categorical readily available variables at baseline and day 3.Results Of 6205 patients, 3743 (60%) were included in the study. According to silhouette analysis, patients were grouped in two clusters. At baseline, 1402 (37%) patients were included in cluster 1 and 2341(63%) in cluster 2. On day 3, 1557(42%) patients were included in cluster 1 and 2086 (57%) in cluster 2. The patients included in cluster 2 were older and more frequently hypertensive and had a higher prevalence of shock, organ dysfunction, inflammatory biomarkers, and worst respiratory indexes at both time points. The 90-day mortality was higher in cluster 2 at both clustering processes (43.8% [n = 1025] versus 27.3% [n = 383] at baseline, and 49% [n = 1023] versus 20.6% [n = 321] on day 3). Four hundred and fifty-eight (33%) patients clustered in the first group were clustered in the second group on day 3. In contrast, 638 (27%) patients clustered in the second group were clustered in the first group on day 3.Conclusions During the first days, patients can be clustered into two groups and the process of clustering patients may change as they continue to evolve. This means that despite a vast majority of patients remaining in the same cluster, a minority reaching 33% of patients analyzed may be re-categorized into different clusters based on their progress. Such changes can significantly impact their prognosis

Nitric oxid is involved in oxidative stress during rehydration of Ramalina farinacea (L.) Ach. in the presence of the oxidative air pollutant cumene hydroperoxide

[EN] Air pollution has dramatically decreased lichen diversity in polluted areas. However, the causes underlying this sensitivity are poorly known, hindering the prevention of biodiversity loss. Nitric oxide (NO) is a bioactive gas involved in stress signalling and free radical (ROS) defence, in addition to playing a role in complex atmospheric pollution chemistry. NO production in lichens during their rehydration was recently demonstrated. The aim of this study was to analyze the role of NO in the lichen Ramalina farinacea during rehydration in the presence of the oxidative air pollutant cumene hydroperoxide. To this end, ROS were visualized in vivo using the fluorescent probe DCFH2-DA, NO action was specifically inhibited with c-PTIO, and lipid peroxidation during rehydration in the absence or presence of cumene hydroperoxide was quantified. The results indicated that cumene hydroperoxide causes an increase in the release of intracellular free radicals within the fungal hyphae, together with lipid peroxidation of the whole lichen. Lipid peroxidation, but not oxidative stress reverted to physiological values after NO inhibition. We conclude that, in lichens, NO may be involved in the regulation of the oxidative stress caused by air pollution.This project was funded by the Spanish Ministry of Education and Science [CGL2006-12917-C02-01, CGL2009-13429_C02-00], and the Generalitat Valenciana [PROMETEO 174/2008 GVA].Catalá, M.; Gasulla Vidal, F.; García-Breijo, F.; Reig Armiñana, J.; Barreno Rodriguez, E. (2010). Nitric oxid is involved in oxidative stress during rehydration of Ramalina farinacea (L.) Ach. in the presence of the oxidative air pollutant cumene hydroperoxide. Bibliotheca Lichenologica. 105:87-92. http://hdl.handle.net/10251/85604S879210

South European populations of Ramalina farinacea (L.) Ach. share different Trebouxia algae

[EN] Little is currently known about the population structure of lichen photobionts. Accordingly, in this study we analyzed the nature and distribution of phycobionts in different Spanish populations of Ramalina farinacea. Two different Trebouxia algae were isolated and identified on the basis of anatomical and chloroplast LSU rDNA sequence studies. Interestingly, most of the thalli contained the same two algae. To search for possible genetic variability among these algae, the internal transcribed sequences (ITS) of nuclear rDNA were compared. Surprisingly, only one ITS sequence was found in each thallus, even in those exhibiting multiple morphologically differentiated algae observed in thallus TEM sections. Therefore, ITS sequence analyses are probably only indicative of the predominant photobiont while the other photobiont remains undetected. One photobiont seemed to predominate in the Canary Islands populations and the other in peninsular ones. Additionally, here we describe a new potential DNA marker, based on plastid LSU rDNA, which may allow rapid identification of coexisting algae within the same thallus.This project was funded by the Spanish Ministry of Education and Science [CGL2006-12917-C00, CGL2009-13429-C02-00], and Generalitat Valenciana [PROMETEO 174/2008 GVA]. Dr. A. BECK (Germany) and reviewers are thanked for helpful comments. Wendy Ran revised the manuscript in English.Del Campo, EM.; Gimeno, J.; De Nova, J.; Casano, L.; Gasulla Vidal, F.; García-Breijo, F.; Reig Armiñana, J.... (2010). South European populations of Ramalina farinacea (L.) Ach. share different Trebouxia algae. Bibliotheca Lichenologica. 105:247-256. http://hdl.handle.net/10251/85603S24725610

Proteomic profiling of lung diffusion impairment in the recovery stage of SARS-CoV-2-induced ARDS

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