Analyse praxéologique et approche systémique

Cette présentation introduit aux concepts fondamentaux de l’analyse praxéologique et à la relation de celle-ci avec l’approche systémique. Les sujets suivants seront abordés : l’efficacité et l’efficience de l’action, le travail, l’action humaine et son design, l’explication téléologique, les composants de l’action humaine ( réalisateur, buts, critères d’évaluation, outils, ressources, circonstances, temps, méthodes), l’efficacité méthodologique, le contexte axiologique de l’action humaine ou les rapports entre praxéologie et éthique.This presentation introduces the fundamental concepts of praxiological analysis and its relation to systems approach. The following topics are discussed in this paper: effectiveness and efficiency of action, work, human action and their design, teleological explanation, components of human action (realisers, purposes, evaluation criteria, tools, resources, circumstances, time, methods), methodological efficacy, axiological context of human action or praxiology and ethics

The Mechanism Responsible For Mechanically Enhanced Cancer Cell Invasion

Cell invasion is an important process utilized by cancer cells to progress through the metastatic cascade to form deadly secondary tumors. This process can be influenced by the wide array of biomechanical forces that cancer cells within and around a tumor face in their microenvironment. It is not completely clear how these forces, either alone or simultaneously combined with other forces, can impact the metastatic capacity of cancer cells. To address this, we have utilized an in vitro mechano-invasion assay to mimic a transient tugging force that exists within the tumor microenvironment caused by the remodeling of the extracellular matrix by highly contractile cells, such as myofibroblasts. Furthermore, we have used a novel dual-stimulation assay to compare the response between normal, non-metastatic and metastatic cells to two simultaneous mechanical stimuli. Our results show that transient mechanical stimulation leads to increased invadopodia maturation in highly invasive fibrosarcoma cells, as shown by confocal microscopy and the activity of invadopodia-associated matrix-degrading enzymes. This increase in invadopodia maturation is caused by the down-regulation of the integrin β3 mechano-receptor, a decrease in p21-activated kinase 1 (PAK1) activity and an increase in cofilin activity. Additionally, when normal and non-metastatic cells are simultaneously stimulated with a change in substrate compliance and mechanical tugging, they preferentially responded to the tugging force over compliance. The metastatic cells did not preferentially respond to either mechanical cue. Together, these data indicate that highly invasive cells can upregulate their cell invasion in response to transient mechanical stimulation through increasing the maturation of invadopodia. Also, when metastatic cells are simultaneously given conflicting mechanical cues, they can preferentially ignore them, whereas non-metastatic cells do not. This suggests that there is a major interplay between the mechanical forces that exist near a tumor, the physiological nature of the cancer cells themselves and the level of metastatic capacity of these cells

Religions and Business

Paper is devoted to the ethical issues of business as considered from the points of view of main religions: Christianity – Catholicism and Protestantism – as well as Judaism and Islam. Ethos of Hinduism and the Caux Round Table efforts to disseminate its principles in cooperation with the world of religion are also mentioned. John Paul II’s and Benedict XVI’s addresses to business leaders are recalled. Suggestion to establish partnership relations between clergymen and business people is pointed out

A ética dos negócios: O que são os quatro «E's»

O presente artigo aborda as questões amplamente relacionadas com a ética dos negócios, ética da actividade económica ou ética empresarial. Relata e analisa as principais questões que sobressaem de três encontros de trabalho em Torun, em Tóquio e em Frankfurt. O fio condutor constitui a abordagem teleológica da ética dos negócios, onde a actuação humana é avaliada do ponto de vista dos quatro critérios (eficácia, eficiência, ética e estética), denominados como quatro «E’s)>. Palavras-chave: ètica dos negócios, praxeologia, eficiência, critério do ((Quádruplo “E”»ABSTRACT: The present paper deals with issues reiated to the business ethics. It reports and analyzes the main questions raised in three conferences which took place in Torun, Tokio and Frankfurt. The thread is the teleological approach to the business ethics and the evaluation of the human action from the point of view of four criteria (efficiency, effectiveness, ethics and aesthetics).info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

A brief history of Business Ethics here and now

The article is a review of issues connected with business ethics and corporate social responsibility (CSR) in the last 20 years. Two decades have passed since the Sixth Polish Philosophical Congress took place in Toruń, where—for the first time in the history of Polish philosophical conventions—business ethics was recognized as a philosophical sub-discipline. It manifested itself in a special subsection of the Congress devoted to the topic, which was also kept at the next congress meetings. The paper is not a full review and most likely is not free from subjectivism. This is partly due to the fact that the subject matter falls within the scope of the philosophy of practicality—as the author interprets and refers to the philosophical system of Tadeusz Kotarbiński.Publication of English-language versions of the volumes of the "Annales. Ethics in Economic Life" financed through contract no. 501/1/P-DUN/2017 from the funds of the Ministry of Science and Higher Education devoted to the promotion of scholarship

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