Prevenzione e manutenzione nelle aree archeologiche

È piuttosto evidente che le strutture archeologiche sono soggette a significative condizioni di rischio per ragioni connesse alla loro vulnerabilità e alla pericolosità ambientale, essendo in genere costituite da strutture ruderizzate, spesso in avanzato stato di degrado e direttamente esposte agli agenti atmosferici. Per tenere adeguatamente sotto controllo i fattori di rischio, al fine di evitare l’ineluttabile perdita dei manufatti archeologici, o quanto meno per allungare il loro ciclo di vita nelle migliori condizioni di conservazione, è necessario un costante monitoraggio e interventi di prevenzione, protezione e “cura” assidui e proseguiti nel tempo. Negli ultimi anni, sulla base di una consistente fase sperimentale sviluppata su casi di eccellenza, sono stati messi a punto strumenti operativi efficaci che hanno consentono di definire procedure dirette alla attivazione di processi di attività ispettiva (controlli) e di manutenzione preventiva e programmata. Le esperienze maturate, inoltre, hanno messo in evidenza come la conservazione dei beni culturali, anche dei beni archeologici, richiede attenzioni e interventi per i quali, spesso, non necessariamente si deve fare ricorso a raffinate competenze di carattere archeologico, ma più semplicemente al buonsenso e alle conoscenze tecniche derivanti dalle regole dell’arte e dalle buone pratiche del costruire, già ampiamente note e sperimentate. Senza sottovalutare, dunque, l’importanza delle competenze specialistiche, come condizione essenziale per consentire il riconoscimento di valore, e da qui derivare le opportune cautele nell’operare, si deve però considerare che le condizioni di degrado, il più delle volte causate da carenti o errate manutenzioni, non sono in genere dovute a limiti nelle conoscenze scientifiche o tecniche, ma a difetti e omissioni di tipo operativo, previsionale, organizzativo e pianificatorio.It is evident that archaeological artefacts are subject to significant risks for many reasons, but mainly due to their vulnerability and to environmental danger, as they are generally consisting of ruined structures, often in an advanced state of decay and directly exposed to the weathering. To adequately take under control the risk factors, in order to avoid the inevitable loss of archaeological artifacts, or at least to lengthen their life cycle in the best storage conditions, constant monitoring activities and interventions for prevention are required, as well as protection and "cure", assiduous and continued over time. In recent years, on the basis of a significant experimental phase, developed on excellence cases, effective operational tools have been made, which define procedures directed to the activation of processes of inspection activities (controls) and preventative maintenance. These experiences have also shown that the preservation of cultural heritage, as well as of archaeological artefacts, requires attention and interventions for which it is not always necessary to rely on archaeological skills, but simply on common sense and technical knowledge of the rules of arts and building best practices, already widely known and tested. Without underestimating, therefore, the importance of expertise, as an essential condition to allow the recognition of value, and from that learning the necessary precautions in operating, it must be considered that the conditions of decay, most often caused by lacking or wrong maintenance, are not usually due to limitations in scientific or technical knowledge, but to weakness and omissions in prevision, organisation and planning

Prevenzione e manutenzione nelle aree archeologiche

È piuttosto evidente che le strutture archeologiche sono soggette a significative condizioni di rischio per ragioni connesse alla loro vulnerabilità e alla pericolosità ambientale, essendo in genere costituite da strutture ruderizzate, spesso in avanzato stato di degrado e direttamente esposte agli agenti atmosferici. Per tenere adeguatamente sotto controllo i fattori di rischio, al fine di evitare l’ineluttabile perdita dei manufatti archeologici, o quanto meno per allungare il loro ciclo di vita nelle migliori condizioni di conservazione, è necessario un costante monitoraggio e interventi di prevenzione, protezione e “cura” assidui e proseguiti nel tempo. Negli ultimi anni, sulla base di una consistente fase sperimentale sviluppata su casi di eccellenza, sono stati messi a punto strumenti operativi efficaci che hanno consentono di definire procedure dirette alla attivazione di processi di attività ispettiva (controlli) e di manutenzione preventiva e programmata. Le esperienze maturate, inoltre, hanno messo in evidenza come la conservazione dei beni culturali, anche dei beni archeologici, richiede attenzioni e interventi per i quali, spesso, non necessariamente si deve fare ricorso a raffinate competenze di carattere archeologico, ma più semplicemente al buonsenso e alle conoscenze tecniche derivanti dalle regole dell’arte e dalle buone pratiche del costruire, già ampiamente note e sperimentate. Senza sottovalutare, dunque, l’importanza delle competenze specialistiche, come condizione essenziale per consentire il riconoscimento di valore, e da qui derivare le opportune cautele nell’operare, si deve però considerare che le condizioni di degrado, il più delle volte causate da carenti o errate manutenzioni, non sono in genere dovute a limiti nelle conoscenze scientifiche o tecniche, ma a difetti e omissioni di tipo operativo, previsionale, organizzativo e pianificatorio.It is evident that archaeological artefacts are subject to significant risks for many reasons, but mainly due to their vulnerability and to environmental danger, as they are generally consisting of ruined structures, often in an advanced state of decay and directly exposed to the weathering. To adequately take under control the risk factors, in order to avoid the inevitable loss of archaeological artifacts, or at least to lengthen their life cycle in the best storage conditions, constant monitoring activities and interventions for prevention are required, as well as protection and "cure", assiduous and continued over time. In recent years, on the basis of a significant experimental phase, developed on excellence cases, effective operational tools have been made, which define procedures directed to the activation of processes of inspection activities (controls) and preventative maintenance. These experiences have also shown that the preservation of cultural heritage, as well as of archaeological artefacts, requires attention and interventions for which it is not always necessary to rely on archaeological skills, but simply on common sense and technical knowledge of the rules of arts and building best practices, already widely known and tested. Without underestimating, therefore, the importance of expertise, as an essential condition to allow the recognition of value, and from that learning the necessary precautions in operating, it must be considered that the conditions of decay, most often caused by lacking or wrong maintenance, are not usually due to limitations in scientific or technical knowledge, but to weakness and omissions in prevision, organisation and planning

Managing the evolution of a urban system. The UNESCO site of Crespi d’Adda

The workers’ village of Crespi d’Adda, registered in the UNESCO World Heritage List in 1995, consists of a large industrial complex of approximately 90,000 square metres, abandoned in 2004 and made up of around a hundred residential buildings which were once inhabited by local workers. The management of the transformation of a “living” urban system of unquestionable historical and documental value, like Crespi d’Adda, is a challenging issue, highly uncertain and controversial but, at the same time, absolutely urgent and necessary. The complexity of the site and the delicate balance between its constitutive elements means we have to consider the protection of the values and the tension towards change not as parts of irreconcilable conflict, but as different needs which must be integrated within a coherent management tool. One of the main points of this strategy, outlined in the Management Plan, is the experimental and normative research on the redevelopment of residential buildings

Protecting the historic centre of Venice. A coordinated analysis of the physical and perceived wear processes to define mitigating actions

The research aims to identify "physical" and "perceptual" wear factors of the historic center of Venice (with particular attention to the effects of anthropogenic pressure related to the phenomenon of tourism) and to assess the damages they could produce to identify criteria and tools of mitigation and control. Research is part of the Action Plan "Protection and conservation of the heritage", established by the Plan of Management for the UNESCO Site of Venice and its Lagoon. Through a systemic reading and analysis of the forces of change in place, this study identifies the " macro-emergencies", i.e. the main factors that adversely affect the site’s safeguarding. The research project "Evaluation of wear processes and critical factors of the City of Venice and its lagoon, and its impact on the site’s protection" is part of the actions set out by the Management Plan of the UNESCO site of Venice and its Lagoon. The main objective of the project is the identification of physical and perceptual factors of wear, which threaten the conservation of the historical and artistic heritage of the historic center of Venice, with a particular focus on the effects of anthropogenic pressure linked to tourism, and the evaluation of their level of danger. A further objective is the recognition of measurable parameters (indicators) for monitoring and, subsequently, mitigation strategies for the most significant phenomena

How future surgery will benefit from SARS-COV-2-related measures: a SPIGC survey conveying the perspective of Italian surgeons

COVID-19 negatively affected surgical activity, but the potential benefits resulting from adopted measures remain unclear. The aim of this study was to evaluate the change in surgical activity and potential benefit from COVID-19 measures in perspective of Italian surgeons on behalf of SPIGC. A nationwide online survey on surgical practice before, during, and after COVID-19 pandemic was conducted in March-April 2022 (NCT:05323851). Effects of COVID-19 hospital-related measures on surgical patients' management and personal professional development across surgical specialties were explored. Data on demographics, pre-operative/peri-operative/post-operative management, and professional development were collected. Outcomes were matched with the corresponding volume. Four hundred and seventy-three respondents were included in final analysis across 14 surgical specialties. Since SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, application of telematic consultations (4.1% vs. 21.6%; p < 0.0001) and diagnostic evaluations (16.4% vs. 42.2%; p < 0.0001) increased. Elective surgical activities significantly reduced and surgeons opted more frequently for conservative management with a possible indication for elective (26.3% vs. 35.7%; p < 0.0001) or urgent (20.4% vs. 38.5%; p < 0.0001) surgery. All new COVID-related measures are perceived to be maintained in the future. Surgeons' personal education online increased from 12.6% (pre-COVID) to 86.6% (post-COVID; p < 0.0001). Online educational activities are considered a beneficial effect from COVID pandemic (56.4%). COVID-19 had a great impact on surgical specialties, with significant reduction of operation volume. However, some forced changes turned out to be benefits. Isolation measures pushed the use of telemedicine and telemetric devices for outpatient practice and favored communication for educational purposes and surgeon-patient/family communication. From the Italian surgeons' perspective, COVID-related measures will continue to influence future surgical clinical practice

Planned preventive maintenance in the preservation of historic heritage sites as a first form of valorisation

This research develops various reflections on the role and repercussions of planned preventive maintenance activities in historic heritage sites as an opportunity for their valorisation. The first step is to define the terminology, underscoring reciprocal relationships and the need to organise structured activities and applications that outline contents, procedures and processes for interventions, with innovative strategies that promote the preservation and valorisation of cultural heritage sites. In this sense, this paper proposes the experimental results of work projects conducted on significant cases

Un manuale della Qualità e procedure gestionali

Ristampa anno 200