Associations between piscine reovirus infection and life history traits in wild-caught Atlantic salmon Salmo salar L. in Norway

AbstractPiscine Reovirus (PRV), the putative causative agent of heart and skeletal muscle inflammation (HSMI), is widely distributed in both farmed and wild Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.) in Norway. While HSMI is a common and commercially important disease in farmed Atlantic salmon, the presence of PRV has so far not been associated with HSMI related lesions in wild salmon. Factors associated with PRV-infection were investigated in returning Atlantic salmon captured in Norwegian rivers. A multilevel mixed-effect logistic regression model confirmed clustering within rivers and demonstrated that PRV-infection is associated with life-history, sex, catch-year and body length as a proxy for sea-age. Escaped farmed salmon (odds ratio/OR: 7.32, p<0.001) and hatchery-reared salmon (OR: 1.69 p=0.073) have higher odds of being PRV-infected than wild Atlantic salmon. Male salmon have double odds of being PRV infected compared to female salmon (OR: 2.11, p<0.001).Odds of being PRV-infected increased with body-length measured as decimetres (OR: 1.20, p=0.004). Since body length and sea-age are correlated (r=0.85 p<0.001), body length serves as a proxy for sea-age, meaning that spending more years in sea increases the odds of being PRV-infected

Annual report on health monitoring of wild anadromous salmonids in Norway

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Prospects for the future of pink salmon in three oceans: From the native Pacific to the novel Arctic and Atlantic

While populations of other migratory salmonids suffer in the Anthropocene, pink salmon (Oncorhynchus gorbusca Salmonidae) are thriving, and their distribution is expanding both within their natural range and in the Atlantic and Arctic following introduction of the species to the White Sea in the 1950s. Pink salmon are now rapidly spreading in Europe and even across the ocean to North America. Large numbers of pink salmon breed in Norwegian rivers and small numbers of individuals have been captured throughout the North Atlantic since 2017. Although little is known about the biology and ecology of the pink salmon in its novel distribution, the impacts of the species' introduction are potentially highly significant for native species and watershed productivity. Contrasts between pink salmon in the native and extended ranges will be key to navigating management strategies for Atlantic nations where the pink salmon is entrenching itself among the fish fauna, posing potential threats to native fish communities. One key conclusion of this paper is that the species' heritable traits are rapidly selected and drive local adaptation and evolution. Within the Atlantic region, this may facilitate further establishment and spread. The invasion of pink salmon in the Atlantic basin is ultimately a massive ecological experiment and one of the first examples of a major faunal change in the North Atlantic Ocean that is already undergoing rapid changes due to other anthropogenic stressors. New research is urgently needed to understand the role and potential future impacts of pink salmon in Atlantic ecosystems. Atlantification, biological invasions, climate adaptation, Pacific Ocean, regime shiftpublishedVersio

PENINGKATAN KEMAMPUAN REPRESENTASI DAN DISPOSISI MATEMATIS SISWA SEKOLAH MENENGAH PERTAMA DENGAN PENDEKATAN COLLABORATIVE PROBLEM SOLVING

Penelitian ini dilatarbelakangi oleh urgensi terhadap pentingnya kemampuan representasi dan disposisi matematis serta belum optimalnya hasil yang dicapai siswa terhadap kedua hal tersebut. Kajian dalam penelitian ini adalah tentang pencapaian dan peningkatan kemampuan representasi matematis, baik ditinjau secara keseluruhan maupun dari kategori kemampuan awal matematis (KAM) siswa (tinggi, sedang, rendah), mengkaji efisiensi belajar, serta pencapaian disposisi matematis siswa antara siswa yang memperoleh pembelajaran dengan pendekatan Collaborative Problem Solving (CoPS) dan siswa yang memperoleh pembelajaran biasa (PB). Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kuasi eksperimen dengan desain non-equivalent pretest and posttest control group design. Populasi pada penelitian ini adalah siswa kelas VIII salah satu SMP di kota Padang. Sampel yang digunakan adalah dua kelas dari sembilan kelas yang ada. Instrumen pengumpulan data berupa instrumen tes kemampuan representasi matematis, skala disposisi matematis, skala usaha mental, dan lembar observasi. Pengujian hipotesis dilakukan dengan uji-t dan uji non parametrik Mann-Whitney U. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa: secara keseluruhan, pencapaian dan peningkatan kemampuan representasi matematis siswa yang memperoleh pembelajaran dengan pendekatan CoPS lebih baik daripada siswa yang memperoleh pembelajaran biasa; ditinjau dari KAM, pencapaian dan peningkatan kemampuan representasi matematis siswa kategori KAM sedang dan rendah yang memperoleh pembelajaran CoPS lebih baik daripada siswa yang memperoleh pembelajaran biasa, sedangkan kemampuan representasi matematis siswa kategori KAM tinggi yang memperoleh pembelajaran CoPS tidak lebih baik daripada siswa yang memperoleh pembelajaran biasa; tidak terdapat perbedaan efisiensi pendekatan CoPS dengan pembelajaran biasa terhadap kemampuan representasi matematis; dan pencapaian disposisi matematis siswa yang memperoleh pembelajaran dengan pendekatan CoPS lebih baik dibandingkan pembelajaran biasa. ; This research is motivated by the urgency of mathematical representation ability and mathematical dispositions’ importance as well as non-optimal results that achieved by students against both of that. This research reviews about achievement and enhancement of mathematical representation ability and mathematical disposition between students who obtain learning with Collaborative Problem Solving approach and students who obtain conventional learning, in terms of overall and category of early mathematical ability (EMA) of students (high, medium, low), then review learning efficiency, and achievement of mathematical disposition. This research is quasi experimental with non-equivalent pretest and posttest control group design. The population is eighth-grade students from one of junior high school in Padang. The samples used were two classes of nine existing classes. The research instrument were mathematical representation ability test, mathematical disposition scale, mental effort scale, and observation sheets. Hypothesis testing using t-test and non parametric Mann-Whitney U test. The results showed that: overall, both of achievement and enhancement about mathematical representation ability of students who obtain CoPS learning better than students who obtain conventional learning; in terms of EMA, achievement and enhancement students’ mathematical representation ability from medium and low EMA categories who obtain CoPS learning better than students who obtain conventional learning, whereas at high EMA students who obtain CoPS learning are not better than student who obtain conventional learning; from mathematical representation ability point of view, CoPS learning efficiency is not different from conventional learning efficiency; and achievement of students’ mathematical disposition who obtain CoPS is better than students who obtain conventional learning

Predation of Atlantic salmon across ontogenetic stages and impacts on populations

Managers and stakeholders increasingly ask whether predation is a driving force behind the poor status of many species, and whether predator control is likely to be a successful management action to intervene. We review existing literature on Atlantic salmon Salmo salar predation and predator control, as well as general ecological theory on the role of predation in the life cycle of this iconic fish. Many bird, mammal, and fish predators target salmon at different life stages. In healthy salmon populations, predation is likely compensated for by reduced intra-specific competition during the freshwater stage. There is little evidence that predation alone has been an underlying mechanism for driving salmon populations below conservation limits. However, depending on the predator’s response to salmon abundance, predation may keep decimated populations from recovering, even when the actual causes of decline have been removed. Under such a scenario, predation control may contribute to recovery, but there are no strong examples that clearly demonstrate the efficacy of managing predators to recover threatened salmon populations, challenging further applications.publishedVersio

Environmental risk assessment of genetically modified sterile VIRGIN® Atlantic salmon for use in research trials in aquaculture sea-cages

One of the substantial environmental challenges posed by the aquaculture industry is the escape of farmed Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar), which can mate with wild Atlantic salmon and alter the genetic composition of the wild populations. One potential solution to mitigate this issue is the cultivation of sterile salmon in aquaculture. Atlantic salmon can be made sterile by pressure or temperature treatment of newly fertilized eggs to produce triploids, which are functionally sterile due to their unpaired chromosomes. However, these triploids often perform poorly on commercial fish farms and the production of triploid salmon in Norway is put on hold due to welfare issues of the fish. In this application, the Institute of Marine Research (IMR), Bergen, seeks to rear genetically modified sterile Atlantic salmon (VIRGIN® salmon) in a marine aquaculture environment from the post-smolt stage until harvest. The research trials are to take place in small, open sea cages (net pens) at the IMR Matre Aquaculture Research Station from autumn 2023 until February 2025. The Norwegian Environment Agency has asked VKM to assess the environmental risks associated with this field trial according to the Gene Technology Act and using risk assessment guidance from the European Food Safety Authority, EFSA.Environmental risk assessment of genetically modified sterile VIRGIN® Atlantic salmon for use in research trials in aquaculture sea-cagespublishedVersio

Environmental risk assessment of genetically modified sterile VIRGIN® Atlantic salmon for use in research trials in aquaculture sea-cages

One of the substantial environmental challenges posed by the aquaculture industry is the escape of farmed Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar), which can mate with wild Atlantic salmon and alter the genetic composition of the wild populations. One potential solution to mitigate this issue is the cultivation of sterile salmon in aquaculture. Atlantic salmon can be made sterile by pressure or temperature treatment of newly fertilized eggs to produce triploids, which are functionally sterile due to their unpaired chromosomes. However, these triploids often perform poorly on commercial fish farms and the production of triploid salmon in Norway is put on hold due to welfare issues of the fish. In this application, the Institute of Marine Research (IMR), Bergen, seeks to rear genetically modified sterile Atlantic salmon (VIRGIN® salmon) in a marine aquaculture environment from the post-smolt stage until harvest. The research trials are to take place in small, open sea cages (net pens) at the IMR Matre Aquaculture Research Station from autumn 2023 until February 2025. The Norwegian Environment Agency has asked VKM to assess the environmental risks associated with this field trial according to the Gene Technology Act and using risk assessment guidance from the European Food Safety Authority, EFSA.Environmental risk assessment of genetically modified sterile VIRGIN® Atlantic salmon for use in research trials in aquaculture sea-cagespublishedVersionpublishedVersio

Environmental risk assessment of genetically modified sterile VIRGIN® Atlantic salmon for use in research trials in aquaculture sea-cages

One of the substantial environmental challenges posed by the aquaculture industry is the escape of farmed Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar), which can mate with wild Atlantic salmon and alter the genetic composition of the wild populations. One potential solution to mitigate this issue is the cultivation of sterile salmon in aquaculture. Atlantic salmon can be made sterile by pressure or temperature treatment of newly fertilized eggs to produce triploids, which are functionally sterile due to their unpaired chromosomes. However, these triploids often perform poorly on commercial fish farms and the production of triploid salmon in Norway is put on hold due to welfare issues of the fish. In this application, the Institute of Marine Research (IMR), Bergen, seeks to rear genetically modified sterile Atlantic salmon (VIRGIN® salmon) in a marine aquaculture environment from the post-smolt stage until harvest. The research trials are to take place in small, open sea cages (net pens) at the IMR Matre Aquaculture Research Station from autumn 2023 until February 2025. The Norwegian Environment Agency has asked VKM to assess the environmental risks associated with this field trial according to the Gene Technology Act and using risk assessment guidance from the European Food Safety Authority, EFSA.Environmental risk assessment of genetically modified sterile VIRGIN® Atlantic salmon for use in research trials in aquaculture sea-cagespublishedVersionpublishedVersio

Assessment of the risk of negative impact on biodiversity from import and release of eggs or live fish from landlocked Atlantic salmon from Klarälven in Sweden to Trysilelva in Norway. Scientific Opinion of the Panel on Alien Organisms and Trade in Endangered Species of the Norwegian Scientific Committee for Food and Environment

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