Podoactiva: un referente estratégico

Estudio de la estrategia de una empresa, sobre el cual es necesario realizar un exhaustivo análisis de la empresa escogida, Podoactiva, empresa cuyo sector de actividad es la biotecnología especializada en podología y biomecánica

Secretory phospholipase A2 elicits proinflammatory changes and upregulates the surface expression of fas ligand in monocytic cells: potential relevance for atherogenesis

Producción CientíficaType IIA secretory phospholipase A2 (sPLA2) is an acute-phase reactant that plays a role in atherogenesis and is expressed in atherosclerotic arterial walls displaying inflammatory features. This generates a relevant question addressing the biological effects of this enzyme on monocytic cells, in view of the role of these cells in the inflammatory process associated with atherosclerosis. sPLA2 produced a mild activation of the p42 mitogen-activated protein module of the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascade and a prominent activation of c-Jun N-terminal kinase in THP-1 monocytes. This activation showed both an early and a late peak, different from that elicited by tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), which only showed the first peak. This was accompanied by activation of arachidonate metabolism, as judged from both the activation of the cytosolic phospholipase A2 (cPLA2) and the induction of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) expression. sPLA2 also elicited the production of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) and showed a synergistic effect with TNF-α on both COX-2 induction and MCP-1 production. sPLA2 upregulated the expression of Fas ligand at the cell surface, but it did not influence Fas expression nor cell survival of monocytes. In summary, these data indicate that some of the atherogenic effects of sPLA2 can be exerted by engagement of an sPLA2-binding structure on monocytic cells, most probably the M-type receptor for sPLA2, which produces the activation of the MAPK cascade, induces a proinflammatory phenotype, and upregulates the cell surface expression of Fas ligand.Plan Nacional de Salud y Farmacia (grant SAF98/0176)Comisión Interministerial de Ciencia y Tecnología - Comisión Europea (grant 1FD97-0590)Fondo de Investigación Sanitaria (grant FIS00/0393

Factores sociodemográficos asociados al desarrollo motor en niños de un plan madre canguro

Introducción. La población con prematuridad o bajo peso al nacer requiere de planes de atención que reconozcan los factores sociodemográficos influyentes en su pronóstico.Objetivo. Comprobar la asociación de los factores sociodemográficos en el desarrollo motor de niños con prematurez o bajo peso al nacer.Materiales y métodos. Se contó con una población de 49 infantes con prematurez o bajo peso al nacer, se evaluó su desarrollo motor con la Escala Motora del Infante de Alberta (EMIA) y se relacionó su estado con los aspectos sociodemográficos reportados por la madre.Resultados. El 82% de los niños presentó atraso en su desarrollo motor, determinado por la diferencia entre la edad motora puntuada a través de la EMIA y la edad cronológica en los niños nacidos a término; para los niños nacidos pretérmino se usó la edad corregida. La población se dividió en tres grupos según la edad de los niños: de 0 a 4 meses, de 5 a 7 meses, y mayores de 7 meses; se calculó la diferencia de promedio de retraso motor según el estrato, la edad, la ocupación y el nivel educativo de la madre, y se encontró mayor retraso motor para los niños cuyas madres son menores a 25 años (p0.05).Conclusión. La edad de la madre se asoció con el desarrollo motor de infantes con prematurez o bajo peso al nacer en el grupo de 4 a 7 meses.Introduction: Premature or low birth weight population require care plans that recognize the socio-demographic factors influencing prognosis.Objective: To prove the association of sociodemographic factors in the motor development of premature or low birth weight children.Materials and methods: Motor development of 49 premature or low birth weight infants was evaluated using the Alberta Infant Motor Scale (AIMS) and their status was associated to sociodemographic aspects reported by mothers.Results: 82% of children presented delays in motor development, which was determined by differentiating the motor age scored through AIMS and the chronological age in full-term children. A corrected age was used for preterm children. The population was divided into three groups according to age: 0 to 4 months, 5 to 7 months, and 7 months and older. The difference in average motor retardation was calculated by socio-economic stratum, age, occupation and educational level of the mother. Increased motor delays were found in children whose mothers were younger than 25 (p 0.05).Conclusion: The age of the mother was associated with the motor development of premature or low birth weight infants in the group of 4 to 7 months

Aripiprazole vs Risperidone Head-to-Head Effectiveness in First-Episode Non-Affective-Psychosis: A 3-Month Randomized, Flexible-Dose, Open-Label Clinical Trial

Background: Antipsychotic choice for the acute phase of a first episode of psychosis (FEP) is of the utmost importance since it may influence long-term outcome. However, head-to-head comparisons between second-generation antipsychotics remain scarce. The aim of this study was to compare the effectiveness in the short term of aripiprazole and risperidone after FEP outbreak. Methods: From February 2011 to October 2018, a prospective, randomized, open-label study was undertaken. Two hundred-sixty-six first-episode drug-naïve patients were randomly assigned to aripiprazole (n = 136) or risperidone (n = 130) and followed-up for 12 weeks. The primary effectiveness measure was all-cause treatment discontinuation. In addition, an analysis based on intention-to-treat principle was conducted to assess clinical efficacy. Results: The overall dropout rate at 12 weeks was small (6.39%). Effectiveness measures were similar between treatment arms as treatment discontinuation rates (? 2 = 0,409; P = .522), and mean time to all-cause discontinuation (log rank ? 2 = -1.009; P = .316) showed no statistically significant differences. Despite no statistically significant differences between groups regarding clinical efficacy, aripiprazole required higher chlorpromazine equivalent dosage (? 2 = 2.160; P = .032) and extended mean time (W = 8183.5; P = .008) to reach clinical response. Sex-related adverse events and rigidity were more frequent in the risperidone group, whereas sialorrhea was on the aripiprazole group. Conclusions: No differences regarding effectiveness were found between aripiprazole and risperidone for the short-phase treatment of FEP. Despite the importance of efficacy during this phase, differences in side effect profiles and patient's preferences are essential factors that may lead clinical decisions for these patients

Risk factors associated with negative in-vivo diagnostic results in bovine tuberculosis-infected cattle in Spain

BACKGROUND Despite great effort and investment incurred over decades to control bovine tuberculosis (bTB), it is still one of the most important zoonotic diseases in many areas of the world. Test-and-slaughter strategies, the basis of most bTB eradication programs carried out worldwide, have demonstrated its usefulness in the control of the disease. However, in certain countries, eradication has not been achieved due in part to limitations of currently available diagnostic tests. In this study, results of in-vivo and post-mortem diagnostic tests performed on 3,614 animals from 152 bTB-infected cattle herds (beef, dairy, and bullfighting) detected in 2007-2010 in the region of Castilla y León, Spain, were analyzed to identify factors associated with positive bacteriological results in cattle that were non-reactors to the single intradermal tuberculin test, to the interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) assay, or to both tests applied in parallel (Test negative/Culture + animals, T-/C+). The association of individual factors (age, productive type, and number of herd-tests performed since the disclosure of the outbreak) with the bacteriology outcome (positive/negative) was analyzed using a mixed multivariate logistic regression model. RESULTS The proportion of non-reactors with a positive post-mortem result ranged from 24.3% in the case of the SIT test to 12.9% (IFN-γ with 0.05 threshold) and 11.9% (95% CI 9.9-11.4%) using both tests in parallel. Older (>4.5 years) and bullfighting cattle were associated with increased odds of confirmed bTB infection by bacteriology, whereas dairy cattle showed a significantly lower risk. Ancillary use of IFN-γ assay reduced the proportion of T-/C + animals in high risk groups. CONCLUSIONS These results demonstrate the likelihood of positive bacteriological results in non-reactor cattle is influenced by individual epidemiological factors of tested animals. Increased surveillance on non-reactors with an increased probability of being false negative could be helpful to avoid bTB persistence, particularly in chronically infected herds. These findings may aid in the development of effective strategies for eradication of bTB in Spain

Risk of suicide attempt repetition after an index attempt: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Objectives To estimate the risk of suicide attempt repetition among individuals with an index attempt. It also aims to study the role of risk factors and prevention programme in repetition. Methods This systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted in keeping with the PRISMA 2020 guidelines. Studies on attempt repetition (both cohort studies and intervention studies) were searched from inception to 2022. Results A total of 110 studies comprising 248,829 attempters was reviewed. The overall repetition rate was 0.20 (0.17, 0.22). Repetition risk linearly increased over time. A higher risk of attempt repetition was associated with female sex and index attempts in which self-cutting methods were used. Moreover, a mental disorder diagnosis was associated with an increasing repetition risk (OR = 2.02, p < .01). The delivery of a preventive programme reduced the repetition risk, OR = 0.76, p < .05; however, this effect was significant for psychotherapy interventions, OR = 0.38, p < .01. Conclusion One in five suicide attempters will engage in a new suicide attempt. An elevated repetition risk is associated with being female, more severe index methods and psychiatric disorder diagnosis. Preventive programmes, particularly psychotherapy, may contribute to reducing repetition risk and eventually save lives.This study was supported by the Instituto de Salud Carlos III-FIS research grants (PI16/00187, PI19/00236, PI19/00569, PI19/00685, PI19/00941, PI19/00954, PI19/01027, PI19/01256, PI19/01484, PI20/00229), co-funded by the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF) “A Way to Build Europe”; the Government of the Principality of Asturias (grant ref.: PCTI-2018-2022 IDI/2018/235); Secretaria d'Universitats i Recerca from the Departament d'Economia i Coneixement (ref.: 2017SGR1365 and 2017SGR134), and Generalitat de Catalunya (Government of Catalonia), CERCA Programme