Multilayer plasma patterns in paralleled and coupled atmospheric glow discharges

We report observations of multilayer plasma patterns in multiple atmospheric glow discharges sustained simultaneously with a single power supply. Depending on operation conditions, these atmospheric glow plasmas either operate in parallel, seemingly independent of one another, or undergo structural coupling. In both scenarios, multilayer structures are observed. These selforganized plasma patterns are stable and their presence remains even when individual atmospheric glow plasmas couple with one another

Multilayer plasma patterns in atmospheric pressure glow discharges

We report observation of self-organized multilayer plasma patterns formed along the length of an atmospheric pressure glow discharge generated over a wide frequency range from 10–100 kHz

Low power auto selective regeneration of monolithic wall flow diesel particulate filters

This paper presents research into a novel autoselective electric discharge method for regenerating monolithic wall flow diesel particulate filters using low power over the entire range of temperatures and oxygen concentrations experienced within the exhaust systems of modern diesel engines. The ability to regenerate the filter independently of exhaust gas temperature and composition significantly reduces system complexity compared to other systems. In addition, the system does not require catalyst loading and uses only massproduced electronic and electrical components, thus reducing the cost of the after-treatment package. Purpose built exhaust gas simulation test rigs were used to evaluate, develop and optimise the autoselective regeneration system. On-engine testing demonstrated the performance of the autoselective regeneration process under real engine conditions. Typical regeneration performance is presented and discussed with the aid of visual observations, particulate mass measurements, back pressure measurements and energy consumption. The research demonstrates the potential of the novel autoselective method for diesel particulate filter regeneration. The autoselective process does not require an exhaust by-pass and enables the system to be low power, catalyst-free and exhaust temperature independent

On-orbit performance of the MIPS instrument

The Multiband Imaging Photometer for Spitzer (MIPS) provides long wavelength capability for the mission, in imaging bands at 24, 70, and 160 microns and measurements of spectral energy distributions between 52 and 100 microns at a spectral resolution of about 7%. By using true detector arrays in each band, it provides both critical sampling of the Spitzer point spread function and relatively large imaging fields of view, allowing for substantial advances in sensitivity, angular resolution, and efficiency of areal coverage compared with previous space far-infrared capabilities. The Si:As BIB 24 micron array has excellent photometric properties, and measurements with rms relative errors of 1% or better can be obtained. The two longer wavelength arrays use Ge:Ga detectors with poor photometric stability. However, the use of 1.) a scan mirror to modulate the signals rapidly on these arrays, 2.) a system of on-board stimulators used for a relative calibration approximately every two minutes, and 3.) specialized reduction software result in good photometry with these arrays also, with rms relative errors of less than 10%

WSES guidelines for management of Clostridium difficile infection in surgical patients

In the last two decades there have been dramatic changes in the epidemiology of Clostridium difficile infection (CDI), with increases in incidence and severity of disease in many countries worldwide. The incidence of CDI has also increased in surgical patients. Optimization of management of C difficile, has therefore become increasingly urgent. An international multidisciplinary panel of experts prepared evidenced-based World Society of Emergency Surgery (WSES) guidelines for management of CDI in surgical patients.Peer reviewe

Low power autoselective regeneration of monolithic wall flow diesel particulate filters

This paper presents research into a novel autoselective electric discharge method for regenerating monolithic wall flow diesel particulate filters using low power over the entire range of temperatures and oxygen concentrations experienced within the exhaust systems of modern diesel engines. The ability to regenerate the filter independently of exhaust gas temperature and composition significantly reduces system complexity compared to other systems. In addition, the system does not require catalyst loading and uses only massproduced electronic and electrical components, thus reducing the cost of the after-treatment package. Purpose built exhaust gas simulation test rigs were used to evaluate, develop and optimise the autoselective regeneration system. On-engine testing demonstrated the performance of the autoselective regeneration process under real engine conditions. Typical regeneration performance is presented and discussed with the aid of visual observations, particulate mass measurements, back pressure measurements and energy consumption. The research demonstrates the potential of the novel autoselective method for diesel particulate filter regeneration. The autoselective process does not require an exhaust by-pass and enables the system to be low power, catalyst-free and exhaust temperature independent

Adaptive Biomedical Innovation: Evolving Our Global System to Sustainably and Safely Bring New Medicines to Patients in Need

The current system of biomedical innovation is unable to keep pace with scientific advancements. We propose to address this gap by reengineering innovation processes to accelerate reliable delivery of products that address unmet medical needs. Adaptive biomedical innovation (ABI) provides an integrative, strategic approach for process innovation. Although the term “ABI” is new, it encompasses fragmented “tools” that have been developed across the global pharmaceutical industry, and could accelerate the evolution of the system through more coordinated application. ABI involves bringing stakeholders together to set shared objectives, foster trust, structure decision-making, and manage expectations through rapid-cycle feedback loops that maximize product knowledge and reduce uncertainty in a continuous, adaptive, and sustainable learning healthcare system. Adaptive decision-making, a core element of ABI, provides a framework for structuring decision-making designed to manage two types of uncertainty – the maturity of scientific and clinical knowledge, and the behaviors of other critical stakeholders.Ewing Marion Kauffman FoundationAlfred P. Sloan FoundationMassachusetts Technology CollaborativeRobert Wood Johnson Foundatio