Importación de cláusulas de fusiones y adquisiciones del derecho anglosajón y su aplicabilidad en el Perú de acuerdo con el Código Civil vigente

El presente trabajo tiene como problema de investigación el encontrar si las cláusulas importadas propias del Common Law en operaciones de Fusiones y Adquisiciones en el mercado peruano, realmente funcionan al ser adaptadas de acuerdo con el Código Civil de 1984. La pregunta es que, al no pasar por un proceso de adaptación a nuestra realidad, no sea posible encontrar las figuras jurídicas necesarias para poder proceder con su correcta interpretación, lo que desencadenaría que se generen graves complicaciones en los contratos entre las partes. Lo que se pretende con este trabajo, es, inicialmente, explicar las principales cláusulas importadas del derecho anglosajón, para luego analizarlas, y tomando ello como base, explorar los vacíos que estarían llenando en la regularización peruana de Derecho Corporativo. Frente a ello, se desarrollan dos hipótesis. La primera es que efectivamente es completamente viable que se incorporen Cláusulas del derecho anglosajón en la legislación peruana sobre los contratos de Fusiones y Adquisiciones, pues estas encuentran sustento en determinados artículos del Código Civil ya existentes que ayudaría a su interpretación bajo nuestra legislación. La segunda hipótesis lo niega, y considera que deben incorporarse y modificarse ciertos artículos del Código Civil, para así el legislador y las partes sepan como deben aplicarse. En el análisis también se tomó en cuenta si es necesario o no actualizar el Código Civil, al estar en un mundo tan versátil; o si por el contrario este debe seguir tal como esta. Asimismo, la metodología a seguir es analizar una por una las principales Cláusulas, su definición e interpretación, como suelen ser pactas, y luego explicar los principales problemas que contienen con relación al Código Civil. El trabajo termina concluyendo que si bien hay varios artículos del Código que siguen vigentes, deberían agregarse muchos otros. Una mayor regulación sobre contratos que antes no existían, genera menos vacíos y problemas de interpretación en el presente.The present paper has as an investigation problem to find out if the clauses imported from the Common Law in Mergers and Acquisitions operations in the Peruvian market, really works when adapted according to the 1984 Civil Code. The question is that, since they have not been properly adapted to our reality, it is not possible to find the necessary legal concepts to proceed with their proper interpretation, which would lead to serious complications in the contracts between the parties. The purpose of this work is, initially, to explain the main clauses imported from the Anglo-Saxon law, then analyze them, and taking this as a basis, explore the gaps that would be filling in the Peruvian regularization of Corporate Law. Two hypotheses are developed. The first is that it is indeed completely viable to incorporate clauses of common law in the Peruvian legislation on Mergers and Acquisitions contracts, since these find support in certain articles of the Civil Code already in existence that would help their interpretation under our legislation. The second hypothesis denies it, and considers that certain articles of the Civil Code should be incorporated and modified, so that the legislator and the parties know how they should be applied. The analysis also took into account whether or not it is necessary to update the Civil Code, being in such a versatile world; or if on the contrary it should remain as it stands. Likewise, the methodology to follow is to analyze one by one the main clauses, their definition and interpretation, as they are usually agreed, and then explain the main problems they contain in relation to the Civil Code. The work concludes that although there are several articles of the Code that are still in force, many others should be added. Greater regulation of contracts that did not exist before generates fewer gaps and problems of interpretation in the present.Trabajo de investigació

Conjoint Analysis of Tourist Choice of Hotel Attributes Presented in Travel Agent Brochures

The purposes of this study are to demonstrate how it is possible to determine which attributes are the most important in the final choices of tourists who use a travel agent brochure as a source of information and how these attributes influence perceived value in a pre-purchase stage.We conduct the study in three phases: (i) a qualitative study, (ii) an experiment using choice-based conjoint analysis by means of a fractional factorial experimental design and (iii) another experiment using a full factorial derived from the same design. Results suggest advertisement size, a hotel’s starred rating and price influence perceived value at this stage. The presence of a positive combined effect of price and advertising was found. Implications and directions for future applications are offered, focusing particularly on marketing services.Postprint (published version

The potencial of the RNAi technology, via SIGS, in the control of Botrytis cinerea in horticultural crops

Botrytis cinerea is one of the most important limiting factors for crop production worldwide, as it demonstrated by the enormous annual intake of fungicides used for their control to avoid crop losses. However, this fungus has been categorized by FRAC as a high-risk pathogen for fungicide resistance development. Another problem is related with the diversity of fungicides available to growers, which according with the current European legislation on pesticides and the European Green Deal, will be reduced by 50% by 2030. For all this, new low-impact sustainable solutions, obtained through new phytoprotection tools, to control B. cinerea are needed. In this study, we intend to check if some emerging strategies such as RNA interference technology (RNAi) could be valid sustainable solution and alternative to the use of conventional chemical fungicides for the control of B. cinerea in crops of relevance. To achieve this goal, the SIGS (spray-induced gene silencing) approach, which concerns the exogenous application of double-stranded RNA (dsRNA), was tested. For it, ten double-stranded RNA (dsRNAs) were designed against the fungicide target’s genes and genes encoding proteins involved in virulence/pathogenicity of this fungus. The preliminary results obtained in in vitro tests have shown that the application of the different dsRNAs, individually and in combination, have significantly reduced the development of the fungus on different culture media. In addition, this reduction was very promising on detached fruit and in planta assays, demonstrating the potential of this technique in the control of B. cinerea. On the other hand, the sustained release of the dsRNA-fungicides using nanoparticles as a carrier or stabilizer has also been analyzed.Universidad de Málaga. Campus de Excelencia Internacional Andalucía Tech

The potential of the emerging RNAi strategy, called SIGS, in the control of Botrytis cinerea in horticultural crops

Botrytis cinerea, the causal agent of the gray mold disease, is one of the main limiting factors of horticultural crops production worldwide, consuming up to 40% of fungicides in its control. However, this fungus has been categorized by FRAC (Fungicide Resistance Action Committee) as a phytopathogen with a high risk for fungicide resistance development, a fact that has been demonstrated in our country. In addition, and according to the "farm to fork" strategy of the recent European Green Deal, the diversity of fungicides available to growers will be reduced by 50% in 2030. For this reason, alternative control tools and molecules with fungicide activity are, more than ever, needed to control this important disease. In this study, we intend to check if the efficacy of the emerging RNA interference (RNAi) strategy, called "spray-induced gene silencing" (SIGS), could be a valid sustainable solution and an alternative to the use of conventional fungicides for the control of B. cinerea. For this purpose, several double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) has been designed against targets genes involved in the virulence/pathogenicity of the fungus. Preliminary results, obtained in in vivo assays, indicated that the application of dsRNAs significantly reduces the development of the fungus, demonstrating the potential of the SIGS technique for the control of B. cinerea. On the other hand, and to improve the application of these oligonucleotides in the field, their encapsulation to create nanoparticles will be carried out. If we succeed, new molecules with fungicidal action, could be included into the several strategies carried out to obtain a sustainable plant protection control programs in the fieldUniversidad de Málaga. Campus de Excelencia Internacional Andalucía Tech

Somatotype and Digital Dermatoglyph in Mexican Football Players

La valoración de la forma corporal y de las capacidades físicas es una necesidad para la selección, clasificación y entrenamiento de los jugadores de futbol. El presente estudio examinó en futbolistas profesionales mexicanos (N = 49) la relación entre clases de somatotipo y clases de capacidades físicas de acuerdo a dermatoglifia dactilar. Las frecuencias de clases de somatotipo y clases de capacidad física fueron comparadas entre subgrupos de futbolistas. Una mayor proporción de futbolistas se caracterizó por somatotipo mesomorfo balanceado con dermatoglifia tipo 2 y 3 correspondiente a fuerza, fuerza explosiva y velocidad. Esto es consistente con hallazgos previos en futbolista

Photodynamic Therapy Combined with Antibiotics or Antifungals against Microorganisms That Cause Skin and Soft Tissue Infections: A Planktonic and Biofilm Approach to Overcome Resistances

The present review covers combination approaches of antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) plus antibiotics or antifungals to attack bacteria and fungi in vitro (both planktonic and biofilm forms) focused on those microorganisms that cause infections in skin and soft tissues. The combination can prevent failure in the fight against these microorganisms: antimicrobial drugs can increase the susceptibility of microorganisms to aPDT and prevent the possibility of regrowth of those that were not inactivated during the irradiation; meanwhile, aPDT is effective regardless of the resistance pattern of the strain and their use does not contribute to the selection of antimicrobial resistance. Additive or synergistic antimicrobial effects in vitro are evaluated and the best combinations are presented. The use of combined treatment of aPDT with antimicrobials could help overcome the difficulty of fighting high level of resistance microorganisms and, as it is a multi-target approach, it could make the selection of resistant microorganisms more difficult

Mental y fuentes de estrés laboral en madres comunitarias en una “Asociación de Hogares Comunitarios ” Girardot – Cundinamarca – II semestre2021

Identificar la condición de salud mental y fuentes de estrés laboral en las Madres Comunitarias de la ‘Asociación de Hogares Comunitarios, Brisas del Magdalena’ en Girardot- Cundinamarca III trimestre del 2021La salud mental es esencial para el goce pleno de la salud. Una buena salud mental permite a las personas hacer frente al estrés en su vida cotidiana y laboral .Esta investigación se realizo con el fin de identificar la condición de salud mental en las madres comunitarias y fuentes generadoras de estrés laboral en dicha ocupación. El estudio es de tipo descriptivo con corte transversal participaron 10 madres comunitarias de la Asociacion de Padres Brisas de la Magdalena de Girardot - Cundinamarca, Para la recolección de datos se aplicaron cuestionarios de tipo sociodemográfico, cuestionario GHQ12 Y Encuesta dirigida al Trabajador de la OMS -OISS. El 100 % de las madres comunitarias son mujeres, en un rango de edad de 29 – 69 años, algunas son madres cabeza de familia, de estrato socioeconómico 1-3, nivel de estudio en su mayoriaTecnico y su salario es el minimo legal vigente. Un 70% presenta condiciones normales en su salud mental y el 30% alguna alteración que requiere valoración clínica, se identifica como fuentes estresoras la organización del trabajo, horario, participación y control, relaciones interpersonales y la relacion trabajo -hogar.Mental health is essential for the full enjoyment of health. Good mental health allows people to cope with stress in their daily and work life. This research was carried out in order to identify the mental health condition in community mothers and sources of work stress in said occupation. The study is descriptive with a cross-sectional section. 10 community mothers from the Brisas de la Magdalena de Girardot Parents Association - Cundinamarca participated. For data collection, sociodemographic questionnaires, GHQ12 questionnaire and WHO-OISS Worker Survey were applied. 100% of the community mothers are women, in an age range of 29 - 69 years, some are mothers head of the family, of socioeconomic stratum 1-3, level of study mostly Technical and their salary is the current legal minimum. 70% present normal conditions in their mental health and 30% some alteration that requires clinical evaluation, the organization of work, hours, participation and control, interpersonal relationships and the work-home relationship are identified as sources of stress

Mental y fuentes de estrés laboral en madres comunitarias en una “Asociación de Hogares Comunitarios ” Girardot – Cundinamarca – II semestre2021

Identificar la condición de salud mental y fuentes de estrés laboral en las Madres Comunitarias de la ‘Asociación de Hogares Comunitarios, Brisas del Magdalena’ en Girardot- Cundinamarca III trimestre del 2021La salud mental es esencial para el goce pleno de la salud. Una buena salud mental permite a las personas hacer frente al estrés en su vida cotidiana y laboral .Esta investigación se realizo con el fin de identificar la condición de salud mental en las madres comunitarias y fuentes generadoras de estrés laboral en dicha ocupación. El estudio es de tipo descriptivo con corte transversal participaron 10 madres comunitarias de la Asociacion de Padres Brisas de la Magdalena de Girardot - Cundinamarca, Para la recolección de datos se aplicaron cuestionarios de tipo sociodemográfico, cuestionario GHQ12 Y Encuesta dirigida al Trabajador de la OMS -OISS. El 100 % de las madres comunitarias son mujeres, en un rango de edad de 29 – 69 años, algunas son madres cabeza de familia, de estrato socioeconómico 1-3, nivel de estudio en su mayoriaTecnico y su salario es el minimo legal vigente. Un 70% presenta condiciones normales en su salud mental y el 30% alguna alteración que requiere valoración clínica, se identifica como fuentes estresoras la organización del trabajo, horario, participación y control, relaciones interpersonales y la relacion trabajo -hogar.Mental health is essential for the full enjoyment of health. Good mental health allows people to cope with stress in their daily and work life. This research was carried out in order to identify the mental health condition in community mothers and sources of work stress in said occupation. The study is descriptive with a cross-sectional section. 10 community mothers from the Brisas de la Magdalena de Girardot Parents Association - Cundinamarca participated. For data collection, sociodemographic questionnaires, GHQ12 questionnaire and WHO-OISS Worker Survey were applied. 100% of the community mothers are women, in an age range of 29 - 69 years, some are mothers head of the family, of socioeconomic stratum 1-3, level of study mostly Technical and their salary is the current legal minimum. 70% present normal conditions in their mental health and 30% some alteration that requires clinical evaluation, the organization of work, hours, participation and control, interpersonal relationships and the work-home relationship are identified as sources of stress

ABORDAGEM CLÍNICA DO PACIENTE COM FLUOROSE DENTAL

Manchas brancas ocasionadas por fluorose podem afetar o convívio social de uma pessoa inibido-a de sorrir. Esses pacientes têm procurado tratamentos estéticos, devendo o profissional estar apto a oferecê-los com resultados satisfatórios. Uma alternativa para esta patologia é a associação dos tratamentos de microabrasão e clareamento dental.  A microabrasão consiste no desgaste superficial do esmalte com pastas abrasivas. É uma alternativa conservadora com grande eficácia, e que associada ao clareamento dental tem melhorado os resultados estéticos. Este trabalho se propõe a apresentar um caso clínico que foi tratado com essa associação. O tratamento foi realizado com pasta de ácido fosfórico a 37% associada à pedra-pomes e ácido clorídrico a 18% associado à pedra-pomes na face vestibular dos dentes, seguido de clareamento dental caseiro com peróxido de carbamida 16%, materiais de fácil utilização pelos cirurgiões-dentistas e baixo custo. Foram realizadas duas sessões de microabrasão e clareamento durante quatro semanas. O resultado foi adequado, comprovando que a microabrasão associada a clareamento caseiro como tratamento estético em fluorose dentária, é um tratamento conservador, de baixo custo, com técnicas de aplicação relativamente fáceis, apresentando resultados satisfatórios para o paciente e o profissional.        

Isolation and characterization of a mixture of higher primary aliphatic alcohols of high molecular weight from henequen (Agavefurcroydes L.) wax

Partiendo de una colecta de epidermis de hojas de henequen, especiftcamente de In especie Agave furcroydes L. y empleando un disolvente organico, fire extraida la cera de dicha planta. La cera después de someterla a una reaction de hidrólisis basica o saponificacion y empleando nuevamente un disolvente organico le fue extraida una mezcla de alcoholes alifaticos, lineales y de alto peso molecular. Dicha mezcla fue estudiada mediante las tecnicas de Espectrometria Infrarroja y Cromatografla Gaseosa acoplada a Espectrometria de Masas, lo que permitió una caracterización quimica de la misma. Finalmente fueron identificados y cuantificados en la mezcla los once alcoholes siguientes: Ihexacosanol, 1-heptacosanol, I-octacosanol, I-nonacosanol, 1-triacontanol, 1-hentriacontanol, I-dotriacontanol, I-tritriacontanol, 1-tetratriacontanol, 1-pentatriacontanol y I-hexatriacontanol. Los alcoholes más abundantes en Ia mezcla son 1-octacosanol y 1-triacontanol . El proceso de obtención de este producto, compuesto por la mezcla de once alcoholes, muestra una composición reproducible lote a tote que resulta muy estable y defmida